TU 

24 

C3 

A3 

"TLC'  70 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

DAVIS 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 

FERRY  BUILDING,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
FLETCHER  HAMILTON  State  Mineralogist 


San  Francisco] 


BULLETIN  No.  70 


[July,  1915 


Mineral  Production 
for  1914 


With  Mining  Law  Appendix 

COMPLIMENTS  C  r 

F.  McN  Hamilton 

STATE  Mu^' 


LIBRARY 

or   THE 

UNITED  STATES 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


8—15" 


1S655 


California 
State  Printing  Office 

19  15 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA 
J^AVIS 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

Chapter  I. 

SUMMARY   OF  THE  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  IN   CALIFORNIA  DURING  THE  ^'^^^ 

YEAR  OF  1914 7 

TABULATION  OF  THE  MINERAL  PRODUCTION   FOR   1914,   AMOUNT  AND 

VALUE    8 

lABLE    SHOWING    COMPARATIVE    VALUE    OF    MINERAL    PRODUCTION, 

1913,    1914 9 

LABLE      SHOWING     COMPARATIVE     MINERAL     PRODUCTION      OF     THE 

VARIOUS  COUNTIES  IN  CALIFORNIA  FOR  1913,  1914 10 

Chapter  II. 
FUELS   (HYDROCARBONS)  — 

Introductory     11 

Coal   11 

Natural  Gas 12 

Petroleum ^ 13 

Chapter  III. 
METALS — 

Introductory   20 

Antimony   21 

Copper    21 

Gold   23 

Iron 25 

Lead    26 

Molybdenum    27 

Platinum    27 

Quicksilver 28 

Silver    30 

Tungsten    31 

Tin    32 

Vanadium     32 

Zinc    32 

Supplement  to  Metals  Production 33 

Chapter  IV. 
STRUCTURAL  MATERIALS — 

Introductory  35 

Asphalt     36 

Bituminous   Rock 36 

Brick 37 

Cement 40 

Chrome    . 41 

Lime 42 

Magnesite    43 

Marble    47 

Onyx   and   Travertine 48 

Sandstone 49 

Serpentine   50 

Slate   51 

Stone — Miscellaneous   51 

Travertine.     (See  Onyx.) 

Chapter  V. 
IXDUSTRLA.L  MATERIALS — 

Introductory  56 

Asbestos    57 

Barytes     59 

Bauxite 60 

Clay 60 

Feldspar 61 

Fuller's  Earth 62 

Gems    63 

Graphite 64 

Gypsum   65 

Infusorial  Earth    . 66 

Limestone . 67 

Manganese 68 

Mica    69 

Mineral  Paint 70 

Mineral   Water    71 

Pumice  Stone . 73 

Pyrite 73 

OUARTZ 74 

Sand,  Glass 74 

soapstone    75 

Sulphur    76 

Talc.     (.See  Soapstone.) 


IV  TABLE   OF    CONTENTS. 

Chapter  VI. 
salines- 
Introductory  

Borax    

Nitrates   

Potash 

Salt    

Soda   

Chapter  VII. 

MINERAL  production  OF  CALIFORNIA  BY  COUNTIES. 

INTRODUCTORY  

Alameda 

Alpine    _. 

Amador   

Butte 

Calaveras     

Colusa 

Contra   Costa 

Del   Norte   

El  Dorado    

Fresno   — 

Glenn    

Humboldt    _. 

Imperial    

Inyo 

Kern    

Kings  — 

Lake 

Lassen 

Los  Angeles 

Madera 

Marin 

Mariposa — 

Mendocino    

Merced 

Modoc    

Mono 

Monterey    

Napa    

Nevada  

Orange    

Placer    

Plumas    

Riverside     

Sacramento    

San  Benito    

San  Bernardino 

San  Diego    

San  Francisco    

San  Joaquin    

San  Luis  Obispo 

San  Mateo   

Santa  Barbara 

Santa  Clara   

Santa  Cruz  

Shasta    

Sierra    

Siskiyou    : 

Solano    

Sonoma    

Stanislaus   

Sutter   

Tehama 

Trinity    

Tulare 

Tuolumne  — 

Ventura    

Yolo   

Yuba  ___-- 

Chapter  VIIL 
appendix. 

MINING  LAWS 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 

COUNTY  MAPS   


LETTER  OF  INTRODUCTION. 

The  Bulletin  herewith  presented  of  the  mineral  industries  of  Cali- 
fornia is  the  result  of  a  painstaking  effort  to  so  compile  the  statistics 
of  production  that  they  will  be  of  actual  use  to  producers  and  to  those 
interested  in  the  utilization  of  the  mineral  products  of  our  State.  In 
addition  to  the  mere  figures  of  output,  we  have  included  descriptions  of 
the  uses  and  characteristics  of  many  of  the  materials,  as  well  as  a  brief 
mention  of  their  occurrences. 

The  compilation  of  accurate  and  dependable  figures  is  an  extremely 
difficult  undertaking,  and  the  State  Mineralogist  takes  the  opportunity 
of  here  expressing  his  appreciation  of  the  universal  co-operation  of  the 
producers  in  making  this  work  possible.  The  response  to  our  request 
for  early  replies  this  year,  especially  on  account  of  distributing  the 
report  at  the  Expositions  being  held  here,  is  particularly  pleasing ;  and 
has  enabled  the  results  to  be  published  earlier  than  in  former  years. 
A  fuller  appreciation  of  the  value  of  early  responses  to  the  request 
sent  out  at  the  beginning  of  each  year,  will  result  in  earlier  publication 
of  the  data  in  the  future. 

It  is  the  evidence  herein  put  forth  that  should  make  us  realize  the 
magnitude  of  our  latent  mineral  resources  in  this  State.  Though  the 
total  value  for  1914  reached  the  sum  of,  approximately,  ninety-five 
and  a  half  million  dollars,  it  was  a  decrease  of  some  five  million  dollars 
from  that  of  1913.  This  is  not  due  to  a  falling  off  in  any  single  item,  but 
to  the  general  business  depression  which  pervaded  the  entire  country 
for  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

For  the  current  year  of  1915  there  is  a  noticeably  improved  tone, 
particularly  in  gold  mining.  Except  for  the  year  1883,  the  gold  yield 
for  1914  was  the  largest  California  has  shown  since  1864.  In  addition 
to  this  many  inquiries  are  being  received  relative  to  this  State's  resources 
in  the  industrial  minerals,  such  as  asbestos,  chrome,  magnesite,  man- 
ganese and  many  others. 

Fletcher  Hamilton, 

State  Mineralogist. 


MINERAL  INDUSTRY,  CALIFORNIA,  1914 


DATA    COMPILED    FROM    DIRECT    RETURNS    FROM 

PRODUCERS  IN  ANSWER  TO  INQUIRIES  SENT 

OUT   BY   CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING 

BUREAU,    FERRY    BUILDING, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


CHAPTER  ONE 

Mineral  production  in  California  during  the  year  1914  amounted  to 
$93,436,553  worth  of  crude  materials.  There  were  forty-two  different 
mineral  substances,  and  of  the  fifty-eight  counties  in  the  State  all 
but  two  contributed  some  mineral  product. 

The  total  value  was  less  than  that  of  1913  by  $5,208,086,  owing  to  the 
general  depression  in  business.  Demand  for  mineral  products  varies 
with  activity  in  other  lines  of  industry.  The  mineral  products  which 
fell  off  most  from  the  preceding  year  were  petroleum,  cement,  copper, 
and  stone  of  various  sorts. 

The  decrease  in  price  of  oil  caused  its  decline  in  total  value,  though 
there  was  an  increase  in  the  amount  produced.  The  other  three  pro- 
ducts mentioned  fell  off  in  amount  as  well  as  value. 

The  figures  of  the  State  Mining  Bureau  are  made  up  from  reports 
made  by  the  producers  of  the  various  minerals.  Care  is  exercised  in 
avoiding  duplication,  and  any  error  is  doubtless  upon  the  side  of  under- 
estimation. 

It  would  be  folly  to  attempt  to  set  a  limit  of  maximum  mineral  pro- 
duction for  California,  because  the  mineral  resources  are  so  extensive 
and  have  been  so  slightly  developed  along  many  lines. 


8 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  following  table  shows  the  yield  of  mineral  substances  of  C; 
fornia  for  1914,  as  compiled  from  the  returns  received  at  the  St 
Mining  Bureau,  San  Francisco,  in  answer  to  inquiries  sent  to  produce 


Asbestos  

Barytes  

Bituminous  rock 

Borax  

Brick 

Cement    

Chromite   

Clay    

Coal 


Copper  

Feldspar  

Fuller's  earth 

Gems   

Gold 


51 

2,000 

66,119 

62,500 

270,791 

5,109,218 

1,517 

179,948 

11,859 

30,491,535 

3,530 

760 


tons 

tons 

tons 

tons 

M 

bbls. 

tons 

tons 

tons 

lbs. 

tons 

tons 


Gypsum  

Infusorial  earth 

Iron  ore  

Lead   

Lime    

Limestone  

Magnesite   

Manganese    

Marble 

Mineral  paint  _- 
Mineral  water  __. 

Natural   gas   

Petroleum  

Platinum   

Potash  

Pumice  stone 

Pyrites    

Quartz  

Quicksilver  

Salt   


Sand,  fire,  etc. 

Sandstone  

Silver  - 

Soapstone  

Soda   _ 

Stone,  miscellaneous* 

Tungsten  ore — 

Zinc  


29,734 

12,840 

1,436 

4,697,400 

439,961 

572,272 

11,438 

150 

25,436 

132 

2,443,572 

16,529,963 

102,881,907 

330 

10 

50 

79,267 

2,500 

11,373 

223,806 

26,038 

111,691 


tons 

tons 

tons 

lbs. 

bbls. 

tons 

tons 

tons 

cu.  ft. 

tons 

gals. 

M.  cu.  ft. 

bbls. 

oz. 

tons 

tons 

tons 

tons 

flasks 

tons 

tons 

cu.  ft. 


1,000  tons 
6,522  tons 


4,&30  tons 
399,641  lbs. 


Total 


•Including  grranite,  macadam,  rubble,  paving  blocks,  sand,  and  graveL 
♦•Estimated.     See  supplement  to  Chapter  Three — Metals,  pp.  33,  34. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUA  fi   PRODUCTION. 


The  following  table  shows  the  comparative  value  of  minerals  pro- 
duced in  California  during  the  years  1913  and  1914: 


1913 


Asbestos 

Barytes  

Bituminous  rock 

Borax  

Brick 

Cement   

(^hromitc  

(lay    

'  (^al    

opper 

i  t'ldspar 

I  ullor's  earth 

Gems  

Gold  .- 

Graphite    

Gypsum 

Infusorial  earth  

Iron  ore  

Lead   

Lime   

Limestone  

Magnesite  

Manganese    

Marble  

Mineral  paint 

Mineral  water 

Natural  gas 

Petroleum  ^-_. 

Platinum  

Potash    

Pumice 

Pyrites   

Quartz  rock  

Quicksilver 

Salt  

Sand,  glass  

Sandstone  

Silver  

Soapstone  

Soda  

Stone,  miscellaneous 

Tungsten  ore  

Zinc  


20. 


Totals   

Net  decrease 


$1,175 

3,680 

78.479 

,491,530 

,915,350 

743,024 

12.700 

261,273 

85.809 

343,023 

7,850 

3,700 

13,740 

406,958 

25 

135,050 

35,968 

4,485 

160,202 

528,547 

274,455 

77.056 


113,282 
1,780 
599,748 
053.292 
578,014 
17,738 


4,500 

218,537 

7,756 

630,042 

462,681 

14,143 

27,870 

832.553 

6,150 

24,936 

1,168,020 

234,673 

64,845 


Increase 


$1 

3, 

166 

1.483, 

2,288, 

6,558, 

9, 

167, 

28, 

4,055, 

16, 

5, 

3, 

20,775, 


530 
000 
618 
500 
227 
148 
434 
552 
806 
375 
565 
928 
970 
000* 


78,375 

80,350 

5,128 

183,198 

378.663 

517,713 

114.380 

1,500 

48,832 

847 

476,169 

1,049,470 

47,487,109 

14,800* 

460 

1,000 

230,058 

4,800 

557.846 

583,553 

17,888 

45,322 

814,230* 

4,500 

115,396 

4,860,357 

180,575 

20,381 


Decrease 


$98,644,639        $93,436,553 


$355 

$680 

88,139 

8,030 

627,123 

1,184,876 

3,266 

93  7'^1 

57,003 

1,287,648 

8,715 
2,228 

9,770 

368.042 


44,382 

643 

22,996 


243,258 

37,324 

1,500 


460 
1X521' 


120,872 

3,745 

17,452 


90,460 


25 
56,675 


149,884 


64,450 

933 

123,579 

3,822 

1,090.905 

2.938 

"'im 

"'"2'956 
72,196 


18,323 
1,650 


1,307,663 
54,098 
44,464 


$5,208,086 


•Estimated.    See  supplement  to  Chapter  Three — Metals,  pp.  33,  34. 


10 


MII^IERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  following  table  shows  the  comparative  value  of  the  mineral  pr 
duction  of  the  various  counties  in  the  State  for  the  years  1913  and  191- 


County 


1913 


Alameda  

Alpine  

Amador _. 

Butte    

Calaveras    

Colusa  

Contra  Costa 

Del  Norte 

El  Dorado  .._. 

Fresno  

Glenn 

Humboldt    

Imperial  

Inyo 


Kern 

Kings    

Lake   

Lassen  

Los  Angeles 

Madera 

Marin    

Mariposa  __. 
Mendocino  _. 

Merced  

Modoc    

Mono    

Monterey   __. 
Napa  


Nevada    

Orange  

Placer  

Plumas    

Riverside   

Sacramento    

San  Benito  

San  Bernardino  _ 

San  Diego  

San  Francisco  __ 

San  Joaquin  

San  Luis  Obispo 

San  Mateo  

Santa  Barbara  _ 

Santa  Clara  

Santa  Cruz  

Shasta  

Sierra  

Siskiyou  

Solano  

Sonoma  

Stanislaus 

Sutter    ___ 

Tehama 

Trinity    

Tulare   

Tuolumne 

Ventura  

Yolo    


$844,217 

$870,42' 

541 

3,013,180 

3,230,07. 

2,533,940 

1,755,31. 

2,042,901 

2,068,34J 

48,481 

32,251 

1,962,&40 

1,149,321 

2,514 

5,27( 

67,723 

150, 08( 

8,438,810 

7,484,231 

27.776 

30,5K 

471,052 

233,57^ 

95,054 

239,14< 

1,942,309 

2,091,36^ 

28,406,193 

28,047,95' 

1,335 

74( 

125,829 

63,50; 

2,382 

4,32^ 

5,833,298 

4,665,50 

371,867 

203,51' 

278,453 

554,13 

246,079 

187,87( 

9,450 

56( 

35,329 

112,50( 

6,875 

1,73( 

184,428 

17,15( 

178,679 

113,831 

1,186,353 

971,74! 

2,950,367 

3,329,17$ 

6,948,495 

8,831,76. 

520,808 

1,099,74; 

143,698 

164,80( 

2,071,969 

1,579,58( 

2,925,706 

2,632,65^ 

514,995 

436,25J 

2,486.100 

1,614,60< 

315,694 

315,26 

110,551 

119,881 

165,157 

129,93( 

63.675 

63,46. 

215.371 

246,47^ 

3,636,288 

2,686,301 

311,383 

266,95( 

1,816,805 

1.642,95^ 

6,212,344 

5,044,98( 

1,010,976 

733,00( 

309,986 

384,751 

1,839.721 

1,683.86( 

239,037 

326.14^ 

272,249 

5M 

Yuba  

Unapportloned 


Totals    $98,644,639       $93,436,5K 


2,442 

435,142 

119,760 

1.198,383 

924,972 


2,507,139 
17.738 


ar— Includes  gold  and  sllrer  production  of  Stanialaus.  b — See  Merced,  c— Asbestos  from  Alame 
Calareras.  El  Dorado,  Placer,  ShaaU.  AmounU  not  separable,  d— PlaUniim  from  Butte.  Del  Norte,  Sac 
m<>ntn     Hiaktvnii.    YiihA.      Amniintji   nnt   annAmhlc!.      H««   aUo   HUDnlpiiiPiit  to  (Mint)tor  Three — Metals.    I).    33. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


11 


CHAPTER  TWO 

FUELS 

The  most  important  mineral  products  of  California  are  its  fuels. 
This  subdivision  includes  coal,  natural  gas  and  petroleum,  the  combined 
values  of  which  make  up  approximately  50  per  cent  of  the  State's 
entire  mineral  industry.  Comparison  of  values  during  1913  and  1914 
is  shown  in  the  following  table : 


Substance 

1913 

1914 

Decrease 

Coal      

$85,809 

1,053,292 

48,578,014 

$28,806 

1,049,470 

47,487,109 

$57,003 

Natural  gas 

3,822 

Petroleum 

1,090,905 

Totals 

$49,717,115 

$48,565,385 

$1,151,730 

Coal. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Eeports  VII,  XII,  XIII. 

Coal  has  been  produced  in  California  since  as  early  as  1860,  but  the 
quality  is  not  high,  most  of  it  being  lignite.  In  competition  with  fuel- 
oU,  coal  of  all  grades  has  had  to  give  way,  and  the  low-grade  domestic 
product  has  suffered  severely. 

During  1914,  there  was  a  production  reported  from  Amador,  Contra 
Cost;!,  Monterey  and  Siskiyou  counties,  totaling  11,859  tons,  worth 
$28,806,  most  of  it,  however,  coming  from  Amador  and  Monterey 
counties. 

Since  1887,  the  annual  output  of  coal  has  been  as  follows : 


Year 


1887 

50.000 

$150,000 
380,000 
288,232 
283,019 
204,902 
209,711 
167,555 
139,862 
193,790 
161,335 
196,255 
337,475 
420,109 
535,531 
401,772 

1902                     -      - 

88,460 
93,026 
79,062 
46,500 
24,850 
23,734 
18,496 
49,389 
11,033 
11,047 
14,484 
25,198 
11,859 

$248,622 

1888 95.000 

1903    

265,383 

1889 

121,280 

1904 

376,494 

1890 

110,711 

93,301 

85,178 

72,603 

59,887 

79,858 

1905              

144,500 

1891 

1906 

61,600 

1892 

1907                     -    

55,849 

1893 

1908    

55,503 

1894 

1909 

216,913 

1895 

1910    _      

23,484 

1896 

70,649 

87,449 

1911 

18,297 

1897 

1912       

39,092 

1898       -      . 

1913 

85,809 

1899 160,941 

1914              

28,806 

1900                                           176  956 

1901    150,724 

Totals 

2,054,720 

$5,689,900 

12  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Natural  Gas. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  VII,  X,  XII.     Bulletin 
6,  19,  69. 

Statistics  on  the  production  of  natural  gas  in  California  are 
little  better  than  a  guess.  The  figures  here  given  are  certainly 
below  the  actual  production,  particularly  in  the  six  oil-produ 
counties.  It  is  an  exceptional  oil  property  where  gas  in  some  quar 
does  not  occur.  Many  oil  producing  concerns  make  no  mentior 
their  gas,  because  ^hey  have  no  method  of  measuring  it,  and  it  i 
widely  used  in  the  oil  fields  that  it  is  frequently  as  lightly  regarde 
sunshine  or  fresh  air.  Doubtless,  considerable  gas  is  wasted,  bi 
sweeping  condemnation  of  operators  should  not  be  indulged  in. 
must  be  remembered  that  several  of  our  important  oil  fields 
removed  many  miles  from  the  site  of  any  other  industry,  and  that 
gathering  of  small  amounts  of  gas  and  transporting  it  for  any 
siderable  distance,  may  not  always  be  profitable.  However,  it  is 
doubtedly  a  fact  that  greater  saving  can  frequently  be  made  ^ 
profit.  Gas  traps  of  various  size  and  design  are  coming  into  more 
quent  use.  Some  large  operators  are  making  commendable  effort 
conserve  the  gas  which  accompanies  oil  and  is  richer  than  the  so-ca 
''dry  gas"  occurring  in  strata  which  do  not  produce  oil. 

It  will  be  noted  that  several  counties  produce  gas  which  is  not  ace 
panied  by  oil. 

The  value  of  gas  as  here  shown  is  open  to  considerable  question 
is  certainly  not  too  high.     The  average  price  is  about  6^  per  1 
cubic  feet.     Seven  thousand  cubic  feet  of  gas  is  about  equal  to 
barrel   of   oil   in   heating   value,   and   is   so   accounted   for   by  m 
operators. 


Natural  Gas,  1914. 

County 

M.  cu.  ft. 

Vali 

Fresno  _. 

250,000 

$1 

Humboldt    ___      _  _  . 

Kern 

6,508,868 

150 

1.250,000 

1,867,336 

80.000 

154.872 

6,313,380 

5,357 

100.000 

3£ 

Kings    

Los  Angeles  

Orange    

11 

Sacramento    _- __      _       

A 

San  Joaquin  

2 

Santa  Barbara 

37 

Solano  _____                                          -             _ 

Ventura  

Totals   _-  -  — 

16,529,963+ 

$1,04 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


13 


The  annual  production  of  natural  gas  in  California  since  1888  is  as 
follows : 


Year 

Value 

Year 

Value 

1888  

$10,000 

1903  

$74,237 

1889    -       

12,680 
33.000 

1904  

1905 

91,035 

1890  

102.479 

1891  

30,000 

1906  

109.489 

1892  

55,000 

1907  

114,759 

1893  

68,500 

1908  

474,584 

1894  __ 

79,072 

1909  

616,932 

1895  

112,000 

1910  

1,676,367 

1896  

111,457 

1911  

491,859 

1897  

62,657 

1912  

940,076 

1898  _   

74,424 

1913  

1.053,292 

1899  

95,000 

1914  

1,049,470 

1900  

34,578 

1901  

92,034 

1902  

99.443 

Total 

$7,764,424 

Petroleum. 

Reference:  Bulletins  3,  11,  16,  19,  31,  32,  63,  69;  State  Mineralogist 
Reports  IV.  VII,  X,  XII,  XIII. 

Chief  of  the  fuels  of  California  is  petroleum.  A  complete  descrip- 
tion of  the  industry  is  to  be  found  in  Bulletin  69,  recently  issued  by  the 
State  Mining  Bureau. 

In  preparing  the  statistics  for  the  year  1914,  several  sources  of  infor- 
mation were  available  for  comparison  and  use.  Several  marketing 
concerns  issue  carefully  prepared  monthly  statements  of  gross  produc- 
tion in  each  field,  and  this  department  gathers  figures  on  price  and 
other  matters,  directly  from  oil  producers.  The  figures  here  given  on 
gross  production  and  monthly  operations,  are  largely  those  published 
by  the  Independent  Oil  Producers  Agency,  and  the  figures  showing  well 
operation  by  fields  are  from  the  Standard  Oil  Company.  Segregation 
of  figures  by  counties  can  be  made  directly  from  field  reports  in  all 
oases  except  for  Los  Angeles  and  Orange  counties,  where  the  fields 
cross  county  lines.  Figures  on  price  are  open  to  some  question,  as  it 
must  be  remembered  that  a  large  portion  of  the  oil  does  not  enter  the 
open  market,  but  is  consumed  or  refined  directly  by  the  producers. 
The  prices  given  are  averages  for  the  oil  which  is  actually  sold. 

The  business  of  producing  oil  is  not  so  profitable  as  it  should  be. 
Many  operators  continue  to  drill  wells  when  there  is  not  a  great  demand, 
and  the  over-production,  of  course,  depresses  the  price.  Just  profits 
and  stable  conditions  are  more  nearly  assured  to  the  producer  who  is 
able  to  refine  and  retail  his  product.  Realization  of  this  fact  is  apt 
to  lead  to  the  formation  of  larger  and  stronger  business  units  in  the 
futur^.     Doubtless,  undue  obstacles  will  not  be  placed  in  the  way  of 


14 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


such  changes,  if  they  are  carried  out  with  reasonable  regard  to  p 
welfare.  The  fact  can  not  be  too  strongly  emphasized  that  on 
resources  are  far  from  inexhaustible,  and  that  needless  produ 
hastens  the  day  when  we  shall  stand  stripped  of  one  of  our  most 
able  assets.  Raising  oil  from  the  ground  and  selling  it  at  a  price  to 
to  return  the  invested  capital  with  interest,  is  about  the  same  as  c 
ing  gold  from  a  savings  account  and  disposing  of  it  at  a  discount, 
in  most  lines  of  human  endeavor,  some  operators  have  entered  tl 
business  with  more  thought  and  preparation  for  the  future  than 
others. 


Production  and  Value  of  Oil  by  Counties. 


1913 

1914 

County 

Bbls. 

Value 

Bbls.                 ^• 

Fresno i 

18,956,965 

58,698,432 

4,143,690 

9,485,362 

6,291,076 

20,000 

899,007 

$7,927,736 

27,038,474 

2,672,680 

6,867,402 

3,151,725 

12,000 

907,997 

15,952,190       S7. 

Kern 

65,332,633 

3,558,690 

12,758,678 

4,325,787 

10,000 

943,929 

26, 

Los  Angeles    __      

1 

Orange _       _ 

8 

Santa  Barbara    _ 

1, 

Santa  Clara 

Ventura _    _ 

Totals     _  _        _      _         _      _ 

98,494,532 

$48,578,014 

102,881,907 

$47, 

Average  Price  of  Oil  by  Counties. 


County 


Fresno 

Kern  

Los  Angeles 

Orange  

Santa  Barbara  __ 

Santa  Clara  

Ventura  

State  average 


1913 


41.8^ 

45.2<i 

46.0«l 

40.90 

64.5<l 

55.00 

72.4<i 

67.50 

50.0<i 

46.00 

eoM 

53.00 

101.0<^  1 

105.00 

Inc 
De< 


49.3^ 


46.10 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


15 


.The  annual  production  since  discovery  is  as  follows 


IMI^               Year 

BarreU 

Tear 

Barrels 

1875      

175,000 

12,000 

13,000 

15,227 

19,858 

40,552 

99,862 

128,636 

142,857 

262,000 

325,000 

377,145 

678,572 

690,333 

303,220 

307,360 

323,600 

385,049 

470,179 

783,078 

1,245,339 

1896 

1,257,780 
1,911,569 
2  249  088 

1876      

1897 

1877  

1898 

1878  

1899 

2,677,875 

1879  

1900 

4,329,950 

1880  

1901'     -  , 

7,710,315 
14,356,910 

1881  - 

1902  

1882                             

1903 

24  340  839 

1883           -           

1904 

29  736  003 

1884             

1905 

34  275  701 

1885  

1906  

32,624,000 

1886  

1907  

40,311,171 

1887 

1908 

48,306,910 

1888 

1909  

58,191,723 

1889          

1910  

77,697,568 

18S0  

1911   

84,648,157 

1891 

1912   ___ 

89,689.250 

1892 

1913  

98,494,532 

1893             _  _   .          _    _.      

1914   

102,881,907 

1894 

Total 

■-;>5 

762,489,115 

The  total  value  is  as  follows 


Year 


1887-1909 :. I  $136,693,228 

1910 '  37,689,542 

mi '  40,552,088 

1912 41,868,344 

1913 48,578,014 

1914 j  47,487,109 

!■ 

Total   $352,868,325 

1 


Production   by  Fields. 

(Barrels   42   gallons.) 

Field 

1913 

1914 

Inc.  -h 
Dec. — 

Kern   River   

10,499,609 
4.520.549 

39.277,370 
5,272,630 

18,696,110 
4,843,683 
1.009,633 
2,M2,684 

10.685,146 
59,400 
20,000 

7,227.422 

3.871.352 

49.408,493 

4.825,366 

15,952,190 

4,266,387 

943,929 

2,456,937 

13,860,431 

59,400 

10.000 

3.222.087— 

McKittrick                                        

649j97-_ 

Midway-Sunset _             . 

10,131,1234- 

Lost   Hills-Belridge  

Coalinga 

447,264— 
2,743.920— 

Santa  Maria-Lompoc   

Ventura  County-Newhall 

Los  Angeles-Salt  Lake  

577,29e- 

65,7(M- 

485.747— 

Whittier-Fullerton    

3.175.285+ 

Summerland                               _              _ 

Watsonville      

10.000— 

Totals         -      _  _    -_         -__ 

♦97,776.714 

102.881.907 

5.105.193+ 

♦Total  used  by  Bureau  last  year,  98,494,532  barrels. 


16 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
Well  Operations  by  Months,  1914. 


Producing 

DrilUng 

number 

Active 

Idle 

Active 

Ab£ 

31 

5,781 

1.508 

263 

44 

5,787 

1.525 

241 

34 

5,802 

1.529 

234 

33 

5,847 

1.512 

279 

63 

5,879 

1.494 

255 

45 

5.954 

1.487 

239 

38 

5,988 

1.488 

239 

29 

5.985 

1.530 

226 

30 

5,829 

1.713 

198 

32 

5,817 

1.744 

176 

23 

5,826 

1.765 

161 

36 

5,909 

1,697 

147 

438 

627 

37 

5.867 

1.583 

222 

52 

"  5.880 

1.154 

349 

January  

February    

March   

April   

May 

June  

July   

August  

September    

October  

November 

December    

Totals,  1914 

Totals,  1913  _— 

Monthly  av.,  1914 
Monthly  av.,  1913 


Well  Operation  by  Fields,  1914. 


Field 


Producing 
Dec..  1913 


Producing 
Dec,  1914 


Dec. 


Com- 
pleted 


Kern   River   

McKittrick   

Midway-Sunset    

Lost  Hills-Belridge 
Coalinga  

Santa  Maria-Lompoc   . 

Ventura-Newhall  

Los  Angeles-Salt  Lake 
Whittier-Fullerton    — . 

Summerland    

Watsonville 


Totals 


1,397 
254 

1,214 
185 
867 
221 
409 
682 
514 
122 
5 


5,870 


1.385 
251 

1.376 
240 
815 
235 
442 
687 
568 
102 
5 


6.106 


162 
55 


236 


52 


20 


15 

9 

206 

49 

30 
6 

35 
9 

62 


421 


The  proportion  of  heavy  and  light  oil  produced  in  the  various 
is  shown  by  the  following  figures,  for  which  we  are  indebted  t 
Standard  Oil  Company.  Oil  below  18°  Baume  may  be  generally 
sidered  as  unrefinable,  or  fuel,  oil;  while  the  lighter  oils  yield  va: 
amounts  of  refined  products  and  a  very  large  proportion  of  resic 
or  fuel  oil.  A  very  few  years  ago,  the  total  amount  of  heavy  oil  w 
excess  of  the  light  oil. 


STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 
Production  of  Light  and  Heavy  Oil  by  Fields. 


17 


1 

Field 

Per 

cent 

Under  18<>, 
bbls. 

Per 
cent 

180  and 
above, 
bbl8. 

ToUl  bbls. 

Kern   River                             -      

•100 

100 

21 

2 

7,030.545 

3,820,857 

10,554,589 

96.877 

0 
0 
79 
98 
55 
88 
89 

0 

7,030,545 

McKittrick              -    

3,820,857 
50.025.843 

Midway-Sunset  

39,471,254 

Lost  Hills-Belridgo 

4,734,044  i        4,830,921 

Ooalinca              -  - -- 

45  !      7.113.471' 

8.812,416  i      15.925.887 

Lompoc  and  Santa  Maria 

Ventura  County  and  Newhall— 

Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake 

Whittior-Fullerton -- 

12 
11 
96 

2 
100 

0 

499,635 

111,208 

2,407,855 

232,271 

55.743 

3,803,445 

857,213 

96,620 

13,898,277 

4,303,080 

968,421 

2,504,475 

14,130,548 

SiniHiiorland 

55,743 

100 

27,375 

27,375 

Totals 

31 

31.923,051 

69 

71,700,644 

103,623,695 

Financial  results  of  the  oil  business  during  1914  are  shown  by  the 
following  tables  to  be  not  greatly  different  from  those  of  1913,  as  pub- 
lished in  Bulletin  No.  69.  It  is  particularly  worthy  of  notice  that  the 
profitable,  or  dividend-paying,  companies  received  a  slightly  higher 
price  for  their  product  than  the  average  market  price,  probably  due  to 
the  higher  grade  of  oil  produced  by  them.  It  is  also  noticeable  that 
1  heir  production  cost  per  barrel  is  slightly  lower  than  the  average,  due 
to  the  fact  that  their  wells  are  more  productive.  Operating  cost  per 
well  is  not  always  lower  for  the  dividend  companies  than  others.  Profit- 
able operations  seem  to  depend  generally  upon  large  wells,  high-grade 
oil,  and  proximity  to  market.  There  is  nothing  to  indicate  that  un- 
natural causes  or  manipulations  have  affected  the  profits  of  one  pro- 
ducer against  another.  It  should  be  particularly  noted  that  both  price 
and  profits  are  greater  in  the  Los  Angeles  and  Orange  County  fields 
than  in  others.  Doubtless  this  is  largely  due  to  the  proximity  to 
market. 

There  is  a  large  supply  of  oil  now  in  storage  which,  in  many  cases, 
might  better  be  left  in  the  ground  and  not  subjected  to  losses  by  fire, 
leakage  and  evaporation  as  well  as  cost  of  storage.  According  to  the 
{Standard  Oil  Company,  the  stocks  on  hand  on  December  31st,  amounted 
to  58,526.274  barrels,  which  is  an  increase  of  10,656,097  barrels  during 
the  year.  The  figures  are  practically  the  same  as  those  of  the  Inde- 
pendent Oil  Producers  Agency.  The  oft-repeated  statement  that  this 
is  less  than  a  year's  supply  is  of  little  moment  in  the  face  of  a  steady 
production  which  can  supply  the  regular  demand.  It  would  be 
extremely  interesting  to  know  what  portion  of  the  stock  on  hand  is  low-- 
grade oil.  In  view  of  the  difference  in  value  and  marketableness  of 
various  grades  of  oil,  the  concerns  publishing  monthly  statistics  would 
render  to  the  public  and  themselves  a  distinct  service  by  showing  some- 
thing of  the  amounts  of  high  and  low  gravity  oil  produced  and  stored. 

2 — 18655 


18 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Financial  and  Operating  Condit 

ion  of  California  Oil 

Fields,  1914 

No.  of 
companies 
considered 

Per  cent  of 
total  pro- 
duct of 
companies 
considered 

Capital 

Field 

Cash 

Pn 

Coalinga     _      

55 

60 

78 

55 

38 
41 

$9,013,130 

sq 

Kern  River     _ 

6,433,818          3 

Midway  

4,319,634        19 

Sunset   

33 

2,260,571          7 

McKittrick,  Belridge-Lost  Hills 

Santa  Maria,  Lompoe,  Summerland 

Ventura     _  _      _    

19 
14 
22 

50 
73 

57 

894,970          9 
3,593,280        19 
1,000,053          2 

Los  Angeles,  Orange    

26'             25 

3,195,260          4 

Sub-totals  

307 
30 

$30,710,716      $76 

Miscellaneous  and  marketing 

65,868,180        57 

Totals      .  - -_            _      

337 

$96,578,896     $133 

STATISTICS   OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


10 


—  »r5  oc  Tc 


CO         Q  »C  CO 

OS  00  C^  lO 


5 


i7   <C  ?^  OS 

n  CO  lO 


OS  t^  tH 


l-OS'«**CO        «o        OOC<I        ^ 


CO  i  ^  -M 

s 

ii 

00 

■T  -!T  00  OS 

S 

S^ 

00 

II 


oc  c-i  »o 

cc  c^  oo 
CO  00  c^ 


0:0 


S?3S' 


eo  !M  «g  CJ 

IM  TT  t-^  C^ 

cc  tS  (r4"  r--r 


o  «o  t^ 

10  CO  «0 

t^  (MO 

OS  00  OJ 

CO  -^  <N 


t^  CO  T-i' i-T 
00  Ol  O  C^J 

CM  i-<  rH 


OS 


■3    ^ 


il 


1^  <M  -^  00         (M 


2         3 


s 


t^  OS 


Si 


T-H  CO 

t-t  o 

(M  -^ 

CO  o 

03  CO 

CO  00 

to  (M 


s 


i& 


^ 


s       §? 


1 

SI 

(NO"<s;OsoqcCiO-r 

i'l 

(MCMOs«3eo'«r(M"5 

Bbls.  per 
well  per 

(cents) 

OQlftiO-^OOQCCslCM 

i?  zii  li  8  ^  ^  ^  ?5 

5s 


s  s 


00  «0  »rt  ic  -    -C  : : 


O  1-H  OS  (M  -^  ic  (>i 


tqcoiocccoosi-jr* 

06  1-M  CO  00  -^  CO  00  lO 

""r  ^  «c  00  "^  ^       c-J 


i  «     ;  0     1     Irs     1 

I'D    V 

1    1    t 

1  &«    1  0    1    1  ^    1 

laS 

{•^iii^  *l 

!  S3  0 
I        ^ 

'  T  —   ^  —  I?       +J 

0     I 

5k.   B 
St  H 
ria,  J 
minor 
Ooun 
gcles 
coun 

as  0  «« 

03  > 

^ii    0    03    3           C    r, 

:::  c  Z 

5  r  ~ 

1 11  sot 
cKittr 
and  L 
antaM 
and   S 
entura 
OS     A 
Orang 

^11 

w  iis:  ~. 

y:  ^,      Xj      >  J 

»<; 

bjs,  eg 

<5     — 


CO<Mt-iOOOOO-<** 


(N  OS  CO  00  «o    I  u^  t^ 


SIS 


t^  «C  «C  (N  »0  O 
'-*  "^  'i  ^ 

■^    T}<    »0    '!»' 


tea 

.s2s 

13 


t>.  OS  !>;  t^  p  t>; 

CO  CO  ^  CO  CO  "f 


o 
OS  > 

O  "^   OS 


ITS 

!  a 

oj  OS 


a  o 

2  S 


OS  £~  G^  s  c  w 

Co—  s^oSfO 

O  ;i: :?  X  ^  'x  >  ^ 


20  MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

CHAPTER  THREE. 

METALS. 

The  total  value  of  metals  produced  in  California  during  1914  \\ 
$26,606,533.  The  chief  of  these  is  gold,  followed  in  order  by  copp 
silver,  quicksilver,  lead,  tungsten,  zinc,  platinum,  and  iron.  Depos 
of  ores  of  antimony,  molybdenum  and  vanadium  are  also  to  be  found 
the  State,  although  for  1914  there  was  no  commercial  output  of  tht 
materials. 

California  leads  all  states  in  the  Union  in  her  gold  production  ai 
the  precious  metal  is  widely  distributed  throughout  the  State.  Thirl 
two  of  the  fifty-eight  counties  contain  actively  operated  gold  mines. 

Copper,  which  is  second  in  importance  among  the  metals  of  the  Sta 
occurs  in  the  following  general  districts :  the  Shasta  County  belt,  whi 
is  by  far  the  most  important ;  the  Coast  Range  deposits,  extending  mc 
or  less  continuously  from  Del  Norte  in  the  north  to  San  Luis  Obis 
County  in  the  south;  the  Sierra  Nevada  foothill  belt,  starting 
Plumas  and  running  in  a  general  southerly  direction  through  t 
Mother  Lode  counties  and  ending  in  Kern;  the  eastern  belt  in  Mo 
and  Inyo  counties ;  and  the  southern  belt,  in  San  Bernardino,  Riversic 
and  San  Diego  counties. 

Silver  is  not  generally  found  alone  in  the  State,  but  is  almost  inva: 
ably  associated  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  wdth  gold,  copper  and  lea 
Quicksilver,  while  comparatively  small  in  the  value  of  its  annn 
output,  has  for  many  years  been  one  of  the  State's  staple  products  ai 
California  supplies  about  80  per  cent  of  the  nation's  output  of  tl 
metal. 

Tungsten  likewise  is  found  in  but  few  other  localities. 

Large  deposits  of  iron  ore  have  long  been  known  in  many  sections 
the  State,  but  for  various  economic  reasons  this  branch  of  the  miner 
industry  is  still  in  its  infancy  here. 

A  comparison  of  the  metal  output  with  that  of  1913  is  afforded  1 
the  following  table: 


1913 

1014 

Metal 

Amount 

Value 

Amount 

Value 

or  dec.   - 

Copper  

Gold 

34.471,118  lbs. 

"'"  '2,343  tons 
3.640,951  lbs. 
368  oz. 
15.661  flsks. 

$5,343,023 

20.406,958 

4,485 

160.202 

17,738 

630,042 

832.553 

234  678 

64,845 

30.491,535  lbs. 

$4,055,375 
20,775.000* 
5,128 
183,198 
14.800* 
557,846 
814,230* 
180.575 
20,381 

$1,287,64 
368,04 

Iron   ore  

Lead    

Platinum    — 
Quicksilver  . 
Silver 

1,436  tons 
4,697,400  lbs. 
aso  oz. 
11,373  flsks. 

64. 
22,99( 

2.{);i 

72,  UK 
18.32 

Tungsten  ore 
Zinc  

7,592  tons 
1,157,^7  lbs. 

4.830  tons 
399,641  lbs. 

54,09{ 
44.46 

Totals 

$27,694,519 

$26,606,533 

$1,087.98( 

*  Estimated.    See  supplement,  pp.  83.  84. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


21 


Antimony. 

Reference:  Bulletin  38.     State  Mineralogist  Reports  XII,  XIII. 

Antimony  is  known  to  exist  in  a  number  of  places  in  California, 
having  been  reported  from  Kern,  Inyo,  Riverside,  San  Benito,  and 
Santa  Clara  counties.  The  Kern  County  deposits,  some  of  which  carry 
metallic  antimony,  are  possibly  the  best  known,  and  efforts  were  made 
to  work  some  of  them  before  California  was  a  part  of  the  United  States. 
The  commonest  occurrence  is  in  the  form  of  the  sulphide,  stibnite.  No 
production,  however,  has  been  maintained,  and  none  was  reported  for 
1914.  The  high  price  of  antimony  since  the  European  war  (36.5f^, 
July  1,  1915)  has  caused  considerable  interest  in  this  metal,  and  future 
developments  may  be  expected.  Recent  advices  indicate  a  commercial 
production  for  the  current  year,  1915,  as  some  Kern  County  ore  is 
being  smelted  at  a  plant  in  Los  Angeles. 

During  the  years  1887-1901  various  small  lots  of  antimony  ore  were 
mined  and  sold,  amounts  and  values  being  shown  in  the  following  table : 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1887  _____   _ ._ 

75 
100 
50 
150 
33 
17 
20 
40 
75 
70 
50 

$15,500 

1888  

20,000 

1893 

2,250 

1894 

6,000 

1895  

1896  

1897  

1898 ___:____      _        __  -_  _ 

1,485 
2,320 
3,500 
1,200 

1899  _  ___  

13,500 

1900 

5,700 

1901  

8,350 

Totals 


$79,805 


Copper. 

Reference:  Bulletins  23  and  50.  State  Mineralogist  Reports  VII, 
XIII. 

Copper  is  one  of  the  staple  minei-al  products  of  the  State,  being  pro- 
duced chiefly  in  Shasta  County,  and  a  much  smaller  amount  coming 
from  Calaveras  County.  Sixteen  counties  in  all  report  some  produc- 
tion. The  production  during  1914  was  30,491,534  pounds,  valued  at 
13.3^  per  pound,  totalling  $4,055,374;  which  is  a  decrease  in  both 
amount  and  value  from  the  previous  year,  the  1913  price  having  been 
15.5^.  The  European  war  caused  a  decrease  in  copper  mining  for  a 
time,  which  has  been  counteracted  by  renewed  activity  more  recently. 
The  same  cause  has  also  raised  the  price  from  the  1914  average  of 
13.3^  above  given,  to  16.3^  for  the  first  six  months  of  1915,  the  closing 
June  figure  being  20.0^. 

Further  efforts  have  been  made  during  the  past  year  in  the  improve- 
ment of  methods  of  handling  the  smelter  smoke;  and  recent  reports 


22 


MINKKAl.    IXDlSTin"    OT'    CALIFORNIA. 


iiidicntt'  .'1  I'csiiiiiption  of  the  large  plant  ol'  llic  Balaklala  eompanj' 
Shasta  County. 

Distribution  by  counties  for  1914  follows: 


County 

Pounds 

Value 

Amador  ___„    .  _    _. 

5,215 

4,468,998 

13,081 

336,423 

7,394 

19,089 

35,359 

277,472 

39 

453 

150,000 

36,102 

19,069 

30 

25,122,766 

45 

Calaveras    __ 

59 

Imperial __ 

Invo    

4 

Kern     _._  _._ _  ._ 

Lassen    

3Ia(l(Ma  

Mariiiosa    

Xt'Nada      _     .     ...      ._ 



3 

I'laeer  

-Piiiiii:;s  

1 

Rivers Hie 

San  Bernardino 

San  Diego     .   . 

Shasta 

3,34 

Tuolumne  _  _ . 

Totals .. . 

30,491,535 

$4,05 

Amount  and  value  of  copper  production  in  California  annually  si 
such  records  have  been  compiled  by  the  State  Mining  Bureau  is  gi 
in  the  following  tabulation: 


Value 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 


1,600,000 

1,570,021 

151,505 

23,347 

3,397,455 

2,980,944 

239,682 

738,594 

225,650 

1,992,844 


$19; 

23. 

l: 

42' 

34; 

2 

7: 
2 
19! 


1897  .- 

13,638,626 
21,543,229 
23,915,486 
29,515,512 
34,931,788 
27,860,162 
19.113.861 
29,974,154 
16.997,489 
28,726,448 
32.602.945 
40.868.772 
65.727.736 
53.721.032 
36,838,024 
34,169,997 
34,471,118 
30,491,535 

1,54 

1898  

1899 

2,47 
3,99 

1900                                           -          -        _               _             --      - 

4,74 

1901   .     -.    .-      

5,50 

1902  

3,23 

1903  _ 

2,52 

1904 - 

3,96 

1905                                                                    _                           

2,65 

1906                                                        -                    

5,52 

1907                           -                    -    

6,31 

1908  ..- 

1909  _ -_ 

5,35( 
8,47 

1910  _„ — - 

1911   - 

6,68( 
4,60 

1912            -                            - 

5.63} 

1913     _- 

5,34. 

1914   _ - 

4,05 

Totals                                                  -       

588,027,956 

$84,18' 

STATISTICS   OF    ANNUAL    PRODUCTION.  23 

Gold. 

Rifo'incc:  All  State  Minei'aloiiist  Kcporls.     bulletins  36,  45,  57. 

Uold  is  one  of  the  most  important  mineral  products  of  California, 
and  its  early  discovery  undoubtedly  was  the  prime  cause  of  the  rapid 
development  of  the  State.  There  is  a  marked  tendency  toward 
increased  activity  in  gold  mining,  as  investors  realize  that  many  of  the 
mines  and  prospects  have  not  been  exhausted.  It  is  a})soluteIy  neces- 
sary that  owners  of  prospects  and  small  mines,  who  wish  to  dispose  of 
their  property  or  see  it  developed,  should  realize  that  most  large  invest- 
ments of  that  sort  are  made  only  after  thorough  investigation.  Fre- 
quently, demands  for  large  cash  payments  have  turned  away  capitalists 
who  would  otherwise  have  been  willing  to  risk  an  equal  amount  in 
development  work. 

The  State  Mining  Bureau  has  never  independently  collected  statistics 
I"  gold,  platinum  and  silver  production,  as  there  is  no  necessity  for 
duplicating  the  very  thoroughly  organized  work  of  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey  covering  those  metals.  In  order  to  expedite  the  issuing  of  this 
publication,  the  Survey's  data  not  yet  being  available,  the  production 
of  precious  metals  is  here  estimated,*  the  figures  being  close  enough  for 
ordinary  commercial  purposes.  About  60  per  cent  of  the  yield  is  from 
the  ''deep,''  or  quartz,  mines,  the  balance  being  from  placers,  this 
'liter  designation  also  including  the  dredges. 

*See  supplement  nt  end  of  this  chapter,  pp.  33,  34. 


24  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

The  total  production  for  1914  is  estimated  at  $20,775,000,  an  incr( 
of  approximately  $370,000  over  1913 ;  and  was  distributed  by  coun 
about  as  follows: 


County 


Amador $34C 

Butte IjC 

Calaveras  1*40 

Del  Norte 

El  Dorado ig 

Fresno \  i 

Humboldt  1 

Imperial 2C 

Inyo   27 

Kern   6C 

Lassen  

Madera  

Mariposa 13 

Merced  and  Stanislaus* 11 

Modoc  

Mono   . 

Monterey  

Nevada  3,3G 

Placer  6C 

Plumas  14 

Riverside  1 

Sacramento  2,17 

San  Bernardino 20 

Shasta 1,1C 

Sierra 73 

Siskiyou 31 

Trinity  7c 

Tuolumne   95 

Yuba    2,8C 

Total -—I    $20,77 

*Merced  and  Stanislaus  combined  to  conceal  output  of  a  single  dredge  in  each  county. 

Total  Gold   Production   of  California. 

The  following  table  was  compiled  by  Chas.  G.  Yale,  of  the  Divii 
of  Mineral  Resources,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  but  for  a  numbei 
years  statistician  of  the  California  State  Mining  Bureau  and  the  U 
Mint  at  San  Francisco.  The  authorities  chosen  for  certniii  ]K^r: 
were:  J.  D.  Whitney,  state  geologist  of  California;  John  Art 
Phillips,  author  of  ''Mining  and  Metallurgy  of  Gold  and  Silv 
(1867);  U.  S.  Mining  Commissioner  R.  W.  Raymond;  U.  S.  Mir 
Commissioner  J.  Ross  Browne ;  Wm.  P.  Blake,  Commissioner  from  C 
fomia  to  the  Paris  Exposition,  where  he  made  a  report  on  "Preci 
Metals"  (1867)  ;  John  J.  Valentine,  author  for  many  years  of 
annual  report  on  precious  metals  published  by  Wells  Fargo  &  C 
pany's  Express;  and  Louis  A.  Garnett,  in  the  early  days  managei 
the  San  Francisco  refinery,  wlioro  records  of  gold  receipts  and  si 
ments  were  kept.  Mr.  Yale  obtained  other  data  from  the  report? 
the  director  of  the  U.  S.  Mint  and  the  director  of  the  U.  S.  Geolog 


STATISTICS    OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


25 


Survey.  The  authorities  referred  to,  who  were  alive  at  the  time  of 
the  original  compilation  of  this  table  in  1894,  were  all  consulted  in 
person  or  by  letter  by  Mr.  Yale  with  reference  to  the  correctness  of 

i  their  published  data,  and  the  final  table  quoted  was  then  made  up. 

j  The  figures  of  the  last  nine  years  are  those  prepared  by  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  except  for  1914,  which  is  estimated : 


Tear 

Value 

Year 

Value 

1848 

$245,301 
10,151,360 
41,273,106 
75,938,232 
81,294,700 
67,613,487 
69,433,931 
55,485,395 
57,509,411 
43,628,172 
46,591.140 
45,846,599 
44,095,163 
41.884.995 
38,854,668 
23,501,736 
24,071,423 
17,930,858 
17,123,867 
18,265,452 
17,555,867 
18,229,044 
17,458,133 
17,477,885 
15,482,194 
15,019,210 
17,264,836 
16,876,009 
15,610.723 
16.501,268 
18,839,141  i 
19,626,654  1 
20,030,761  1 
19,223,155  1 
17,146,416 

1883  

$24,316,873 

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852 

1884  

1885  

1886  

1887  

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

1893 

13,600,000 
12,661,044 
14,716,506 
13,588,614 

1853   .  _  _ 

12,750,000 

1854  

1855  

1856 : 

1857  .  - 

11,212,913 
12,309,793 
12,728,869 
12,571,900 

1858 

12,422,811 

1859  

1860  

1861  

1862  _  _ 

1894  

1895  

1896  

1897  

1898  

1899  

1900  

1901  

1902 

1903 

13,923,281 
15,334,317 
17,181,562 
15,871,401 

1863  

1864  

1865 

15,906,478 
15,336,031 
15,863,355 

1866  

1867  __  ._   _  _  .  _   _ 

16,989,044 
16910,320 

1868 

16,471,264 

1869 

1904        _  _ 

19.109,600 

1870 

1905  

1906  

1907  

1908 

1909  

1910  

19,197,043 

1871 

18,732,452 

1872  

1873  

16,727,928 
18,761,559 

1874 

20.237,870 

1875 

19,715,440 

1876  _   _...  ___ 

1911  

1912  _   -   -  - 

19,738,908 

1877 

19,713,478 

1878 

1913  

1914  

Total          _  — 

20,406,958 

1879 

*20, 775,000 

1880  

1881 

$1,608,862,904 

1882  

*Estimated.     See  supplement  at  end  of  this  chapter,  pp.  33,  34. 
Iron   Ore. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  II,  IV,  V,  X,  XII,  XIII. 
Bulletin  38. 

Iron  ore  to  the  extent  of  1,436  tons,  valued  at  $5,128,  was  produced 
in  Shasta  County  during  the  year  1914.  This  was  smelted  by  the  elec- 
trical process. 

There  are  considerable  deposits  of  iron  ore  known  in  California,  but 
production  has  never  amounted  to  much,  on  account  of  our  having  no 
economic  supply  of  coking  coal.  Developments  along  the  line  of  elec- 
trical smelting,  or  discoveries  making  valuable  our  petroleum  fuel, 
would  lead  to  considerable  increase  of  iron  mining  in  California. 

3—18655 


26 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Total  iron  ore  production  in  the  State,  with  annual  amounts 
values,  is  as  follows: 


Year 

Tons 

Va 

1893    _ 

250 

200 

400 

108 

579 

558 

2,508 

2,343 

1,436 

1894  _      ._          . 

1907  .._ 

1909  

1910 

1911  

1912            .  -       .     _     _  _ 

1913                  .    .         .-_      

1914            _        

Totals 

8,382 

$ 

Lead  . 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  IV,  VIII,  X. 

Lead  was  produced  in  the  year  1914,  to  the  extent  of  4,697 
pounds,  which  at  3.9^  per  pound,  was  valued  at  $183,198,  beir 
considerable  advance  over  the  previous  year.  The  principal  produc 
comes  from  Inyo  County,  where  the  base  ores  are  mined  and  sent  a 
to  smelters.  On  account  of  the  European  war,  the  price  has  incre; 
to  around  6^  per  pound,  since  the  close  of  1914. 

County  returns  for  1914,  showino-  amounts  and  values  in  < 
instance,  are  as  follows: 


County 

Pounds 

.. 

Amador _    __ 

44 

513 

30 

90 

4,626,934 

379 

145 

385 

2,058 

45.110 

21,565 

58 

89 

Butte 

Calaveras     __.  _. 

El  Dorado    _.    . 

Inyo ..-_  _..  _  .           _         __ 

1 

Kern      .    ___ 

Nevada _    .    ._    

Placer _._  _  _ 

Plumas 

San  Bernardino  __   .        _      _ 

Shasta  __                             _                _  _ 

Siskiyou   ._    .      _      .               _    __    

Tuolumne 

Totals 

4,697,400 

%^\ 

I 


STATISTICS   OF    ANNUA!.    IMJODIXTION. 


Statistics  on  lead  production  in  California  were  first  compiled  by  this 
lUireau  in  1887.  Amount  and  value  of  the  output,  annually,  with  total 
tiirurcs,  to  date,  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1S87  ._- 

1^  

1S89  

1890  

580 

450 

470 

400 

570 

680 

333 

475 

796 

646 

298 

328 

360 

520 

360 

175 

55 

62 

266 

169 

164 

562 

1,343 

1,508 

701 

685 

1,820 

2,349 

$52,200 
38.250 
35,720 
36  000 

1891  _ 

49.020 
54,400 

1892  ...    

1893  

1894  

1895  

1896  .   _ 

24,975 
28.500 
49,364 
38,805 

1897  

1898  

1899  

1900  .  -  -        -         -   - 

20,264 
23,907 
30,642 
41,600 

1901  --    -   -_ 

28,820 

1902  

1903 

1904  

1905  

1906  .       _-  --  

12.230 

3,960 

5,270 

25,083 

19,307 

ieo7 

1908  

1909 

16.690 

46,663 

144,897 

1910  

1911  - -_     .   _  _   .  

134,082 
63.173 

1912  

61,653 

1913  

1914  

160,202 
183,198 

Totals  

17,125 

$1,428,875 

Molybdenum. 

Bcfcrence:  Bulletin  67,  ''Molybdenite." 

Molybdenum  is  used  to  a  limited  extent  in  the  steel  industry,  and  also 

s  a  base  for  the  tungsten  filaments  in  electric  bulbs.     Deposits  of  dis- 

^t^minated  molybdenum  ores  have  been  observed  in  several  localities  in 

California,  but  no  commercial  production  has  been  attempted  to  date, 

on  account  of  the  difficulties  of  concentrating  the  sulphide. 

The  above  reference  gives  detailed  data  on  occurrence,  character- 
istics, etc.,  of  this  material. 

Platinum. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  XII,  XIII.    Bulletins  38,  45. 

Platinum  is  a  by-product  from   California's  placer  operations   for 

old.     As   explained   under   the   heading   of   Gold,   the   State   Mining 

Bureau  does  not  collect  the  statistics  on  platinum,  but  it  is  safe  to 

estimate  that  about  330  ounces  were  produced  during  1914,  which  came 

from   Butte,   Del   Norte,   Sacramento,    Siskiyou,    and   Yuba   counties. 


28 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


There  have  been  occasional  reports  of  platinum  being  found  in  vein 
materials,  but  as  j^et,  no  authentic  case  has  come  to  the  notice  of  our 
laboratory. 

The  annual  production  and  value  since  1887,  have  been  as  follows : 


Value 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
189i 
1895 
1896 
1897 


1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


lOO 
500 
500 
600 
lOO 
80 
75 
100 
150 
162 
150 
300 
300 
250 
39 


Totals 


200 
91 
30O 
706 
416 
337 
511 
603 
368 
330 


7,268 


$400 

2,000 

2,000 

2,500 

500 

440 

517 

600 

900 

944 

900 

1,800 

1,800 

3,200 

468 

1,052 

1,849 

3,320 

1,647 

6,255 

13.414 

10.400 

8.386 

14,873 

19,731 

17,738 

*14,800 


$132,434 


♦Estimate.     See  supplement  at  end  of  this  chapter,  pp.  33,  34. 
Quicksilver. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  IV,  X,  XII,  XIII. 
Bulletin  27.     U.  S.  G.  S.,  Monograph  XIII. 

Quicksilver  was  produced  in  nine  counties  in  1914,  to  the  amount  of 
11,373  flasks,  valued  at  $557,846,  which  is  a  decrease  in  value  from  the 
previous  year.  The  European  war  caused  a  considerable  rise  in  the 
price  of  quicksilver,  due  to  the  prohibition  of  exports  from  Austria  and 
Italy,  and  the  retention  of  the  Spanish  output  in  England.  Immediate 
steps  were  taken  by  many  to  reopen  old  quicksilver  properties  which  had 
been  idle  for  many  years.  Doubtless,  tlie  coming  year  will  show  a 
marked  advance  in  production. 

The  following  table  of  monthly  San  Francisco  prices  per  flask  of  75 
pounds,  will  indicate  the  decided  change  in  the  status  of  quicksilver 
during  the  year.  The  average  for  the  first  six  months  was  $38.96  per 
flask,  and  the  second  half,  $59.14,  or  an  average  for  the  year  of  $49.05. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL  PRODUCTION. 


29 


The  1915  price  will  show  a  still  greater  increase.  As  San  Francisco  is 
the  primary  domestic  market  tor  quicksilver,  the  average  yearly  price 
on  this  market  has  always  been  used  by  the  State  Mining  Bureau  (and 
the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  also)  in  calculating  the  value  of  the  State's 
output  of  this  metal.     The  1913  figure  was  $40.23  per  flask. 


Average 
price 


January 
February 
March  ___ 

April   

May   

June 


$39  25 

39  OO 
39  00 

38  90 

39  00 
38  60 


July  

August  --- 
September 
October  __ 
November 
December 


Average 
price 


$37  50 

80  OO 
76  25 
53  00 
55  00 
53  10 


The  important  uses  of  quicksilver  are  the  recovery  of  gold  and  silver 
by  amalgamation,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  fulminate  for  explosive 
caps,  of  drugs,  of  electric  appliances,  and  of  scientific  apparatus.  By 
far  the  greatest  consumption  is  in  the  first  two  mentioned. 

Though  some  domestic  yield  of  this  metal  is  now  obtained  from 
Texas,  Nevada  and  Arizona,  the  bulk  of  the  output  still  comes  from 
California. 

The  following  table  shows  distribution  by  counties  in  1914,  with 
increase  or  decrease  in  amount  in  each  instance,  a^  compared  with  1913 : 


County 


Fresno  

Lake   

Napa 

San  Benito 

San  Luis  Obif?po. 

Santa  Clara  

Solano  

Sonoma  

Trinity 

Yolo 


Totals    ._ 
X<'t  decrease 


Amount, 
flasks 


Value 


148 

$7,259 

331 

16,236 

240 

11,772 

6,633 

325,349 

1,266 

62,097 

2,407 

118,063 

320 

15,696 

13 

638 

15 


736 


11,373 


$557,846 


106 


320 

1 


15 


227 
64 
47 


1,302 


4,288 


30 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  total  amount  and  value  of  the  quicksilver  production  of  Cali- 
fornia since  records  were  first  compiled  by  the  State  ^Mining  Bureau 
are  given  in  the  following  tabulation : 


Year 


1887  

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  

1895  

1896  

1897  

1898  

1899  

1900  

1901  

1902  

1903  

1904  

1905  

1906  

1907  

1908  

1909  

1910  

1911  

1912  

1913  

1914  

Totals 


33,760 

$1,425,000 

33,250 

1.413,125 

26,4(1 1 

1.190,500 

22,9:^ti 

1 .2(J3,61o 

22,904 

1,036,386 

27,933 

1,139,600 

30,164 

1,108,527 

30,416 

934,000 

36,104 

1,337,131 

30,765 

1,075,449 

26,648 

993,445 

31,092 

1,188,626 

29,454 

1,405,045 

26,317 

1,182,786 

26,720 

1,285,014 

29,552 

1,276,524 

32,094 

1,335,954 

28,876 

1,086,323 

24,655 

886,081 

19,516 

712,334 

17,379 

6a3,178 

18,039 

763.520 

16,217 

773,788 

17,665 

799,002 

19,109 

879,205 

20,600 

866,024 

15,661 

630,042 

11,373 

557,846 

705,653   $29,148,070 


Silver. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  IV,  VIII,  XII. 
Silver  in  California  is  produced  largely  as  a  by-product  in  gaining 
other  metals.     The  following  figures  are  simply  estimated,  as  ('xi)lniti('d 


STATISTICS   OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


31 


under  the  heading  of  Gold.     The  average  price  of  silver  during  1914 
was  d4:.S^'  per  ounce  at  New  York: 


County 


County 


Amador  

Hutte 

Calaveras    

Dol  Norte 

Kl  Dorado  

I'resno   

Humboldt    

Imperial   

Inyo    

Kern  

Lassen   

Madera 

Mariposa   

Merced  and  Stanislaus* 

Modoc ,. 

Mono  


$18,000 

4,000 

60,000 

20 

40O 

20 

100 

8,000 

255,000 

10,000 

10 

50 

500 

500 

10 

10,000 


Monterey 

Nevada    

Placer  

Plumas 

Riverside   

Sacramento    ___ 
San  Bernardino 

Shasta   

Sierra  

Siskiyou   

Trinity    

Tuolumne    

Yuba   

Total 


$20 

27,000 

4,500 

2,900 

100 

3,500 

•40,000 

345,000 

3,000 

1,100 

3,500 

11,000 

6,000 


$814,230 


*.Me:(eil    niul    Stanislaus   combined   to   conceal   output   of   a   single   dredge   iii   each. 

The  value  of  the  silver  produced  in  California  each  3^ear  since  1887 
as  follows: 


Year 

Value 

1887  _   _    ___  -  

$1,632,003 
1,700,000 
754,793 
1,060,613 
953,157 
463,602 
537,157 
297,332 
599,789 
422,463 
452,789 
414,055 
504,012 

1888  .       _____  

1889  __-  

1890 

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  

1895  

1896  

1897  

1S98  

1S99  

1900  

1,510,344 

1901  

1.229.356  ' 

Value 


1902   !  $616,412 

1903   - I  517,444 

1904   873,525 

1905  678,494 

1906  I  817,830 

1907   J  751,646 

1908   '  873,057 

1,091,092 

1910  993,646 

1911   673,336 

1912  799,584 

1913  832,553 

1914   I  *814,230 

Total j    $22,864,314 


♦Estimate.     See  supplement  at  end  of  this  chapter,  pp.  33,  34, 
Tungsten, 

Reference:  Bulletins  38,  67, 
Tungsten,  which  is  used  in  the  steel  industr}^  and  in  the  manufacture 
of  electrical  appliances,  is  produced  by  a  few  operators  in  California. 
A  Tost  of  the  California  tungsten  ore  is  scheelite,  though  w^olframite  and 
hiibnerite  also  occur.  The  value  of  the  ore  is  based  upon  the  content 
of  tungstic  trioxide  (WO3),  and  quotations  are  commonly  made  per 
unit  of  WO3  present.  In  1914  there  were  mined  4,830  tons,  valued  at 
>^1 80,575,  which  is  a  decrease  from  the  previous  year. 


32 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  annual  value  of  tungsten  produced  in  California  since  the  incep-  j 
tion  of  the  industrj^  is  given  herewith : 


Year 

Value 

Year 

Value 

1905        

$18,800 
189,100 
120,587 
37,750 
190,500 
208,245 

1911    

1912    . 

1913 

$127,706 
206,000 
234,673 

1906  

1907    

1908  

1914   

Total 

180,575 

1909                        

1910  

$1  513  936 

Tin. 

Reference:  Bulletin  67,  " Cassiterite. " 

Tin  is  not  at  present  produced  in  California;  but  during  1891-2, 
there  was  some  production  from  a  small  deposit  near  Corona,  in  River- 
side County,  as  tabulated  below.  Small  quantities  of  stream  tin  have 
been  founid  in  some  of  the  placer  workings  in  northern  California,  but 
never  in  paying  amounts. 

Total  output  of  tin  in  California : 


Year 

Pounds 

Value 

1891                       - —         —    

125,289 
126,000 

sL'7.:.t;4 

1892          -.          _-     ^      __     _     __ 

32,400 

Totals    --  - 

251,289 

$59,964 

Vanadium. 


Reference:  Bulletin  67. 
No  commercial  production  of  vanadium  has  been  made  in  California. 
Occurrences  of  this  metal  have  been  found  in  the  southeastern  portion 
of  the  State  and  two  companies  have  done  considerable  development 
work  recently  in  the  endeavor  to  open  up  paying  quantities.  Ore 
carrying  the  mineral  cuprodescloizite  and  reported  as  assaying  4% 
YgOj,  is  being  developed  at  Camp  Signal,  near  Goffs,  in  San  Bernar- 
dino County.  There  is  a  growing  demand  for  vanadium,  for  use  in 
the  steel  industry. 

Zinc. 

Reference:  Bulletins  38,  67. 
Zinc  was  produced  principally  in  Inyo  County  during  1914,  to  the 
amount  of  399,641  pounds,  valued  at  $20,381,  which  is  a  very  marked 
decrease  from  the  production  of  1913. 


STATISTICS   OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION.  33 

Total  production  figures  for  zinc  output  of  the  State  are  as  follows: 


Year 


Pounds 


1906  ' 

1907 ' 

jgQg  _   ! 

1911  "^]"'Il^-ri"-I""---^---"---^--^^--------^----^ 

1912  

1913  

1914  


Total  value 


4,331,391 

1,157,947 

399.641 


$12,566 

10,598 

3,544 

152,751 

298,866 

64,845 

20,381 


$563,551 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  METALS  PRODUCTION. 
As  noted  under  Gold  in  the  foregoing  pages,  in  order  not  to  delay 
the  issuance  of  this  bulletin,  the  output  of  gold,  platinum  and  silver 
was  estimated,  the  final  figures  not  then  being  available.  In  the 
interim,  however,  and  subsequent  to  the  main  portion  of  this  report 
being  put  into  type,  the  data  have  been  completed  and  received  from 
the  Ignited  States  Geological  Survey,  through  the  courtesy  of  ]\Ir. 
Charles  G.  Yale,  Statistician  in  charge  of  the  San  Francisco  branch 
office  of  the  Division  of  Mineral  Resources.  Anyone  wishing  fuller 
details  of  the  production  of  these  metals  may  obtain  the  same  by  apply- 
ing to  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washington,  D.  C,  for  a  copy. of 
the  ''separate'.'  on  the  subject. 


County 


Gold. 
Value 


Platinum. 
Value 


Silver. 
Value 


Amador   ^ 

Butte  

Calaveras  

Del  Norte  

EI  Dorado  

Fresno    

Humboldt  

Imperial    

Inyo 

Kern   

Lassen    

Madera   

Mariposa    

Modoc   

^lono    

)»Ionterey  

Nevada  

Placer   

Plumas  

Riverside 

Sacramento  

San  Bernardino  

Shasta    

Sierra    

Siskiyou    

Trinity  

Tuolumne   

Yuba    

Merced  and  Stanislaus'' 


Totals, 
Totals, 


1914 
1913 


$3,082,002 
1,697,120 
1,336,875 
2,035 
133,886 
10,231 
18,686 
210,428 
265,734 
594,337 
1,250  ! 
4,506  : 
131,458  I 
527  ■: 
6,82.1  ^ 
4,424  i 
3,301,948 
597,212 
136,237 
11,230 
2,1^1,491 
209,472 
1,101,202 
722.163 
312,842 
743,512 
940,793 
2,800,713 
111,361 


$3,811 
294 
643 


115 


7.108 


304 
151 


$20,653,496 
20,406,958 


2,377 


$17,032 

3,533 

60,442 

9 

654 

31 

57 

8,961 

258,016 

8,002 

4 

36 

677 

5 

9,089 

19 

26,813 

4,ft43 

3,162 

89 

3,481 

37,459 

346,706 

2,966 

1,026 

3,374 

12,017 

5,295 

340 


$14,803 
17,738 


$813,938 
832,553 


♦Combined  to  conceal  output  of  a  single  dredge  in  each  county. 


34  MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

GOLD   SUMMARY. 

The  total  gold  produced  in  California  in  1914  was  999,112.95  fine 
ounces,  valued  at  $20,653,496,  as  compared  with  987,186.59  fine  ounces 
valued  at  $20,406,985  in  1913,  or  an  increase  of  1.21%.  With  the 
exception  of  1883,  tliis  is  the  largest  production  of  any  year  siint  1S64. 
The  "deep"  or  quartz  mines  of  the  State  yielded  559,826.79  fine  ounces 
of  gold,  valued  at  $11,572,647.  Of  the  deep  mine  gold  541,743.92  fine 
ounces  valued  at  $11,198,841  was  derived  from  siliceous  ore;  16,630.14 
fine  ounces,  valued  at  $343,776,  was  derived  from  copper  ore ;  35.37  fine 
ounces  valued  at  $731  from  lead  ore ;  71.69  fine  ounces  valued  at  $1,482 
from  silver  ore;  and  from  silver-lead  ores  1,345.65  fine  ounces  valued 
at  $27,817. 

The  placer  yield  of  gold  in  1914  was  439,286.06  fine  ounces  valued  at 
$9,080,849.  Of  this  $702,884  was  derived  from  105  hydraulic  mines; 
$7,783,394  from  60  dredges;  $329,948  from  70  drift  mines  and  $264,623 
from  105  surface  or  sluicing  mines.  The  placers  produced  43.97%  of 
the  total  gold  yield  for  1914,  and  the  deep  mines  56.03%  as  compared 
witli  43.30%  and  56.70%  for  placers  and  deeps  respectively  during 
1913.  The  dredges  in  the  State  produced  37.69%  of  the  total  gold  yield 
from  all  sources  in  1914,  or  85.71%  of  the  total  placer  gold. 

SILVER  SUMMARY 

The  yield  of  silver  in  California  in  1914  was  1,471,859  fine  ounces 
valued  at  $813,938,  an  increase  in  quantity  of  93,460  ounces,  but  a 
decrease  in  value  of  $18,615.  The  larger  portion  of  the  output,  or 
1,267,752  fine  ounces  valued  at  $701,068,  was  derived  from  crude 
smelting  ores.  The  largest  production  of  silver  came,  as  usual,  from 
Shasta  County  from  the  smelting  of  copper  ores.  Inyo  County  fol- 
lows Shasta,  with  a  yield  of  466,575  ounces  valued  at  $258,016,  derived 
from  silver-lead  ores.  The  silver  obtained  with  gold  in  placer  raining 
in  the  State  in  1914  was  34,877  fine  ounces  valued  at  $19,287.  The 
silver  recovered  by  amalgamation  in  association  with  gold  in  quartz 
ores  was  84,421  fine  ounces  valued  at  $46,685.  The  production  from 
concentrates  treated  at  custom  mills  and  smelters  was  22,444  fine 
ounces  valued  at  $12,411. 


STATISTICS   OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION.  35 

CHAPTER  FOUR. 

STRUCTURAL  MATERIALS. 

lS  indicated  by  this  chapter  heading,  the  mineral  substances  herein 
Lsidered  are  those  more  or  less  directly  used  in  building  and  structural 

>rk.  California  is  independent,  so  far  as  these  are  concerned,  and 
Imost  any  reasonable  construction  can  be  made  with  materials  produced 
in  the  State.  This  branch  of  the  mineral  industry  for  1914  was  valued 
nt  $14,469,981,  showing  a  decrease  from  1913  like  many  other  lines, 
owing  to  the  financial  depression.  Only  a  few  years  ago  its  value  was 
of  no  significance  in  considering  the  total  mineral  production  of  the 
State.  With  the  growth,  in  population  and  otherwise,  of  California, 
this  subdivision  of  the  mineral  industry  in  the  State  will  increase 
indefinitely.  Deposits  of  granite,  marble  and  other  building  stones  are 
distributed  widely  throughout  the  State,  and  slowly  but  surely  trans- 
portation and  other  facilities  are  being  extended  so  that  the  growing 
demand  may  be  met.  The  largest  single  item,  cement,  has  an  unpar- 
alleled record  of  growth  since  the  inception  of  the  industry  in  California 
twenty-three  years  ago.  Not  until  1904  did  the  annual  value  of  cement 
produced  reach  the  million-dollar  mark.  It  increased  500  per  cent  in 
nine  years.  Crushed  rock  production  is  yearly  becoming  more  worthy 
of  consideration,  due  to  the  strides  recently  taken  in  concrete  building, 
as  well  as  to  activity  in  the  building  of  good  roads.  Brick,  with  an 
annual  output  worth  over  $2,000,000,  is  slowly  decreasing,  due  to  the 
popularity  of  cement  and  concrete ;  nevertheless,  this  item  will  be  an 
important  one  for  man^^  years  to  come,  and  of  course,  a  market  for  fire 
and  fancy  brick  of  all  kinds  will  never  be  lacking. 

The  following  table  gives  the  comparative  figures  for  the  value  of 
structural  materials  produced  in  California  during  the  years  1913  and 
1914.  Forty-four  counties  contributed  to  this  total,  and  there  is  not  a 
•ounty  in  the  State  which  is  not  capable  of  a  considerable  output  of  at 
h^ast  one  of  the  following  classes  of  material. 


36 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


A  comparison  of  the  annual  production  of  the  various  structural 
materials  in  1913  and  1914,  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 


Substance 

Value, 
1913 

Value. 
1914 

Increase, 
value 

Decrease, 
value 

Bituminous  rock  

.     $78,479 

2,915,350 

7,743,024 

12,700 

528,547 

77,056 

113,282 

27,870 

6,168,020 

$166,618 

2,288,227 

6,558,148 

9,434 

378,663 

114,380 

48,832 

45,322 

4,860,357 

$88,139 

Brick 

$627,123 

Cement __ 

1,184,876 

Chrome _    __    

3,266 

Lime   _^_  _    

149,884 

Magnesite     

37.324 

Marble  _  ._      __.      

64,450 

Sandstone 

17,452 

Stone,  miscellaneous  .       .. 

1,307,663 

Totals     — -  -    -- 

$17,664,328 

$14,469,981 

Net  decrease 

$3,194,347 

' 

Asphalt. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  VII,  X,  XII,  XIII. 
Bulletins  16  and  32. 
Asphalt  has  been  usually  accounted  for  in  reports  by  the  State 
Mining  Bureau,  because  in  the  early  days  of  the  oil  industry,  consider- 
able asphalt  was  produced  from  outcroppings  of  oil  sand,  and  was  a 
separate  industry  from  the  production  of  oil  itself.  However,  at  the 
present  time  most  of  the  asphalt  comes  from  the  oil  refineries,  w^hich 
produce  a  better  and  more  even  grade.  There  is  no  reason  w^hy  a 
manufactured  product  should  be  considered  in  this  report,  which  deals 
only  with  crude  minerals. 

Bituminous  Rock. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  XII,  XIII. 
Bituminous  rock  is  used  in  a  number  of  places,  principally  for  road 
dressing ;  but  the  manufacture  of  asphalt  at  the  oil  refineries  has  almost 
eliminated  the  industry  of  mining  bituminous  rock.     The  production 
during  1914,  from  three  counties,  is  as  follows: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

San  LiUis  Obispo 

579 
25,000 
40,540 

$1,118 

Santa  Barbara - 

50.000 

Santa  Cruz 

115,500 

Totals 

66,119 

$166,618 

STATISTICS    OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


37 


The  following  tabulation  shows  the  total  amount  and  value  of  bitu- 
minous rock  quarried  and  sold  in  California  since  the  first  records 
wore  compiled  by  the  State  Mining  Bureau,  annually,  since  1887 : 


Bituminous   Rock. 


Value 


Year 


1887  . 

1888  _ 

1889  - 

1890  _ 

1891  . 

1892  . 

1893  . 
18!W  . 

1895  - 

1896  . 

1897  . 

1898  - 

1899  _ 

mx) . 

1901  . 


36,000 

50,000 
40,000 
40.000 
39,962 
24,000 
32,000 
31,214 
38,921 
49,456 
45,470 
46,836 
40,321 
25,306 
24,052 


257,000 
170,000 
170,000 
154,164 

72,000 
192,036 
115,193 
121,586 
122,500 
128,173 
137,575 
116,097 

71,495 


$160,000     1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

Totals 


66,354 


33,490 
21,944 
45,280 
24,753 
16,077 
24,122 
30,718 
34,123 
87,547 
75,125 
44,073 
37,541 
66,119 


$43,411 

53,106 

175,680 

60,436 

45,204 

72,835 

109,818 

116,436 

165,711 

117,279 

87,467 

78,479 

166,618 


1,104,450        $3,346,653 


Brick. 

Beference:  Bulletin  38. 

As  would  be  expected  in  a  state  wdth  diversified  and  widespread 
mineral  resources,  a  great  variety  of  brick  is  annually  produced  in 
California,  including  common,  fire,  pressed,  glazed,  sand-lime,  and 
others.  As  far  as  possible  the  diflf'erent  kinds  have  been  segregated  in 
the  following  tabulation,  but  in  many  cases  operators  report  their  total 
without  any  classification  and  such  figures  are  of  necessity  listed  as 
miscellaneous.  It  will  therefore  be  understood  that  in  no  case  does  the 
total  of  a  subdivision  represent  the  true  amount  if  figures  are  also  given 
in  the  miscellaneous  column. 

According  to  Bulletin  No.  38,  issued  by  the  California  State  Mining 
Bureau,  the  following  analyses  show  the  average  and  the  maximum 
and  minimum  of  the  ingredients  commonly  occurring  in  brick  clays.  A 
clay  in  which  the  percentage  of  any  one  or  more  of  the  ingredients 
mentioned  is  much  above  the  maximum  given  or  below  the  minimum 
will  prove  an  inferior,  if  not  worthless,  clay  for  even  common  brick. 


38 


:mineral  ixdlstkv  of  California. 

Chemical   Analyses  of  Common    Brick  Clays. 


Average,  Minimum,  Maxim\im. 

per  cent  per  cent  per  cent 


Silica    (SiO;),    combino;l_ 

Silica  sand   

Alumina    (AljOs)    

Water     (HoO),    combined 

Water  moisture 

Iron    oxide    (Fe^Os) 

Lime    (OaO)    

Magnesia     (MgO)     

Alkalies     (K^O,    NaoO)__ 


15.0 
55.0 
14.0 
4.0 
2.0 
4.0 
1.5 
1.5 
3.5 


12.0 
20.0 
11.0 
3.0 
0.0 
2.5 
0.5 
0.3 
2.0 


30.0 
60.0 
25.0 
9.0 
6.0 
8.0 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 


The  detailed  figures  of  brick  production  for  1913,  by  count i( 
as   follo\\'^: 


are 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


39 


JOOOOOOQ'*'— 'QO 


^-.  w-  ".  x^  ---  ^-  >.N.  w-  ^  >.•.  w)t^05(Mcoooooo"0(MKri75i-t 


u 


«5  i?5  <=>  i?b  «o  OS  00  ic 

(MC>J«fTj7  -^  CO  CO  ^  r^  Oi  tA 


S2  ?^  5 


«0  (M  iC  '_-    _^    _    _,    _.     -. 
00  -^r  t^  05  1-H  ^  lO  <M 

C^  ItS  lO  M  lO  rH  (£ 


t\  i 


S 


00  lO 


00 


CO  o 
00  Oi 


^ 


S  CO 


O  CM 

O  CO 


3 

f> 

i 

1 

S 

a 

< 

cc  ^  ^ 


5i2 


'c  z 


x:  r- 

g  =  S 


c 

<5    G 


»35  Oi  lo 
c^  «o  Oi 


Sg 


O  O  oc 

O  O  CM 
OC  lO   C-J 


Q  00  t> 
ift  cc  PO 


C  O    =3    « 

=5  +^PQq 


M    C    3 


t;  ss  o 
pi;  ^  G  isc 

^  -  ^  =^  ^ 

:3>c;CCCCCC:3Br::G 
—  "-3Ssa33a3:x:-tiGc; 


40 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OP    CALIFORNIA. 


I 


Record  of  brick  production  in  the  State  has  been  kept  since  1893  hf 
this  Bureau.  The  annual  and  total  figures  since  that  date,  for  amount 
and  value,  are  given  in  the  following  table : 


Value 


1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1896 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
19C9 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


Totals 


103.900 
81,675 
131,772 
24,000 
97,468 
100,102 
125,950 
137,191 
130,766 
169,851 
214,403 
281,750 
286,618 
277,762 
362,167 
332,872 
333,846 
340,883 
327,474 
337,233 
358,754 
270,791 


4,827,231 


$801,750 

457,125 

672,360 

524,740 

563,240 

571,362 

754,730 

905,210 

860,488 

1,306,215 

1,999,546 

1,994.740 

2,273,786 

2,538,848 

3,438,951 

2,506,495 

3,059,929 

2,934,731 

2,638,121 

2,940,290 

2,915,350 

2,288,227 


$38,946,234 


Cement. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  VIII,  IX,  XII.    Bulletin  38. 

Cement  is  one  of  the  most  important  structural  materials  in  the 
output  of  the  State.  During  1914,  there  was  produced  a  total  of 
5,109,218  bbls.,  valued  at  $6,558,148.  This  production  comes  from  six 
counties,  as  follows:  Contra  Costa,  Napa,  Riverside,  San  Bernardino, 
Santa  Cruz,  and  Solano.  There  were  seven  plants  operating,  employing 
2,634  men.  The  enlargement  of  this  industry,  of  course,  depends  upon 
the  growth  of  surrounding  communities,  and  a  summary  of  the  lime  and 
clay  deposits  of  the  State  shows  that  considerable  enlargement  would 
not  be  impossible. 

The  cement  industry  is  so  centralized  that  it  is  impossible  to  apportion 
the  production  to  the  counties  in  which  plants  are  located  without  mak- 
ing private  business  public. 

** Portland"  cement  was  first  commercially  produced  in  the  State  in 
1891 ;  though  in  1860  and  for  several  years  following,  a  natural 
hydraulic  cement  from  Benicia  was  utilized  in  building  operations  in 
San  Francisco.  While  the  total  figures  are  not  of  the  same  magnitude 
as  those  for  gold  and  petroleum,  the  growth  of  the  industry  has  been 
more  than  rapid,  and  a  comparison  of  the  annual  figures  representing 
the  output  since  the  inception  of  the  industry  is  of  interest. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


41 


Annual  production  of  cement  in  California  is  as  follows 


B 

Barrels 

Value 

1891                 - 

5.00O 
5,000 

$15,000 

1892               -  -     

15,000 

1893          .   . --    

1894          

8,000 

16,383 

9,500 

18,000 

50,000 

60,000 

52,000 

71,800 

171,000 

640,868 

969,538 

1,265,553 

1,286,000 

1,613,563 

1,629,615 

3,779,205 

5,453,193 

6,371,369 

6,198,634 

6,167,806 

5,109,218 

21,600 

1895        

32,556 

1896        -- 

28,250 

1897     --    

66,000 

1898     --      

150,000 

1899 

180,000 

1900     -           —          

121,000 

1901     --    

159,842 

190^                                                        --                  -      --    —    - 

423,600 

1903                                                                         __  

968,727 

1904 

1,539,807 

1905                                 _                            _          __ 

1,791,916 

1906                                                    --          _  _      -  _          _    -_ 

1,941,250 

1907                                                   _        __    __        -_ 

2,585,577 

1908                                                   —    -                  — 

2,359,692 

1909                                                           _          

4,969,437 

1910                                                      _  _                  __ 

7,485,715 

1911 

9,085,625 

1912                                     _        _           

6,074,661 

1913                                                             _-_          .    __          

7,743,024 

1914                                                        _        _        __ 

6,558,148 

Totals                   _    -     - 

40,951,245 

$54,316,427 

Chrome. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  IV,  XII.    Bulletin  38. 

Chromic  iron  ore,  to  the  extent  of  1,517  short  tons,  valued  at  $9,434, 
was  produced  during  1914.*  While  the  material  is  known  to  exist  in 
many  places  in  the  State,  and  has  been  mined  in  several  other  counties, 
including  Fresno  and  Glenn,  the  present  production  comes  entirely  from 
Calaveras  and  Shasta  counties,  with  a  small  amount  from  Tuolumne. 

The  European  war  caused  some  rise  in  the  price  of  this  material,  as 
must  of  the  chrome  used  in  the  United  States  is  imported  from  Rhodesia 
and  New  Caledonia.  Considerable  effort,  therefore,  w^as  expended  by 
private  parties  in  investigating  California  deposits,  more  particularly 
with  the  idea  of  expecting  to  find  large  quantities  which  w^ould  justify 
entering  the  market  and  making  long-time  contracts,  in  competition  with 
the  foreign  deposits.  Most  of  these  investigations  were  without  success, 
as  the  California  deposits  are  in  most  cases,  not  beyond  the  prospective 
stage. 

There  is  no  reason  why  the  industry  should  not  see  a  considerable 
growth,  however,  in  the  future. 

*These  figures  are  from  signed  returns  of  the  actual  producers,  which  we  have 
verified  and  find  correct,  though  at  variance  with  the  data  available  to  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  as  indicated  in  their  Mineral  Resources,   1913. 


42  MIXER  AT.    IXm'STRY    OF    CAT  JP^ORXTA. 

The  amr.ia]  output  cf  clironiite  since  1887  is  as  follows 


1887-  

1888   

3,CC0 
1,500 
2,000 
3,599 
1,372 
1,500 
3,319 
3,680 
1,740 
786 

$40,000 
20,000 

1889  

1890   _        

30,000 
53,985 

1891   _     --     --            -                    -                   --            

20,580 

1892   _                        -                                    ____-____. 

22,500 

1893     -                                             -          

49,785 

1894   

39,980 

1895 

16,795 

1896 

i ,  1  to 

1897   

1898  

1899 


1900   

14(1 

130 

315 

150 

123 

40 

317 

302 

350 

436 

749 

935 

1,270 

1,180 

1,517 

1 ,400 

1901     _____                   _ 

1.950 

1902     -     _            ._ 

4,725 

19a3     -                   -     _          _  _                   _                    

2,250 

1904                                __                             -     _     __     _     __ 

1,^5 

1905                                                          —      -                 -        

600 

1906 

2,859 

1907   - 

6,040 

1908   

6,195 

1909   

5,309 

1910   

9,707 

1911   —      _     -_      --     -     _      

14,197 

1912     —     —     -      _  _     -_ 

11,260 

1913     _                      _____          _____            _     -_ 

12.700 

1914                         -  _     __           -  .     _     _  _ 

9,434 

Totals                               --      -      -- 

30,450 

$391,971 

Lime. 

Reference :  Bulletin  38. 

Lime  to  the  amount  of  439,961  bbls.,  valued  at  $378,66:].  was  pro- 
duced from  ten  counties  during  1914.  This  is  a  decrease  from  the 
previous  year,  both  in  amount  and  value. 

Distribution  bv  counties  is  shown  in  the  followinsr  table : 


County 

Barrels 

Value 

Amador _      _    __    _         

1,540 

5,666 

14,000 

81,600 

84,637 

6,571 

17a282 

8,657 

677 

63,331 

$2,008 

Contra  Costa                                        _       __  _    

4,724 

El  Dorado    — _                                      _         _ 

12,082 

Kern _ 

65,100 

San  Bernardino 

93,100 

San  Mateo      _        

*845 

Santa  Cruz _  _-    

157,011 

Shasta   .— _ 

5,ir>i 

Siskiyou  _ 

629 

Tuolumne 

38,000 

Totals      

439,961 

$378,663 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION.  43 

Magnesite. 

licference:  State  Mineralogist  Keports  XII,  XIII.  Bulletin  38. 
r.  S.  G.  S.  Bulletins,  355,  540. 

Magnt'site  has  for  a  number  of  years  been  known  to  exist  in  many 

■alilies  in  California.  In  quality  it  is  very  high  grade,  many  deposits 
yielding  material  carrying  about  95%  magnesium  carhonate.  The 
deposits  are  mostly  in  the  metamorphic  rocks  of  the  Coast  Range  and 
Sierra  Nevada  oMountains,  and  are  scattered  over  an  area  nearly  four 
hundred  miles  long.  One  deposit  of  sedimentary  origin  is  sil  uatcd  in  the 
Mojave  Desert  region. 

During  the  year  1914  there  was  eonsiderabh?  activity  in  the  produc- 
tion of  magnesito.  living  a  larger  output  than  during  any  previous  year 
except  1910.  Doubtless  the  curtailing  of  some  European  supplies,  due 
1o  the  war,  and  the  added  possibilities  for  transportation  through  the 
Panama  Canal,  to  eastern  markets,  have  led  to  the  increased  production. 
The  permanent  nature  of  improvements  at  some  deposits  gives  promise 
that  future  production  will  be  still  greater. 

The  following  concerns  are  among  those  producing  in  1914: 

Cedar  Mountain  Magnesite  Mine,  Alameda  County,  where  the  rock 
^\  as  mined  by  the  glory-hole  system,  and  calcined  in  a  flat  hearth  furnace, 
usinu'  oil  fuel  and  having  a  daily  ca]nieity  of  about  ten  tt)ns  of  crude. 

The  Sherlock  Mine,  Santa  Clara  County,  quarries  the  rock  and  ships 
it  in  the  crude  state.  At  the  Red  Mountain  deposit,  the  material  is 
sloped  underground,  calcined  in  a  vertical  shaft  kiln,  and  transported 
33  miles  by  auto  trucks  to  the  railroad. 

The  Sonoma  Magnesite  Company,  Sonoma  County,  is  installing  rotary 
kilns  and  a  short  railroad  for  delivery  to  the  main  line. 

The  Tulare  ^Mining  Company,  Tulare  County,  stopes  the  magnesite 
exposed  in  underground  workings,  and  calcines  the  product. 

A  number  of  owners  have  carried  on  development  work,  and  it  seems 
assured  that  a  much  greater  demand  can  easily  be  met  by  the  various 
California  deposits. 

The  principal  uses  at  the  present  time  include:  refractory  linings 
for  basic  open-hearth  steel  furnaces,  copper  reverberatories  and  con- 
verters, bullion  and  other  metallurgical  furnaces:  in  the  manufacture 
of  paper  from  wood  pulp;  and  in  structural  w-ork,  for  flooring,  wains- 
coting, tiling,  sanitary  kitchen  and  hospital  finishing,  etc.  In  con- 
nection with  building  work  it  has  proven  particularly  efficient  as  a 
flooring  for  steel  railroad  coaches,  on  account  of  having  greater  elas- 
ticity' and  resilience  than  ''Portland^'  cement.  For  refractory  pur- 
poses, the  magnesite  is  ''dead-burned" — i  e.,  all  or  practically  all  of  the 
COo  is  expelled  from  it.  For  cement  purposes,  it  is  left  "caustic" — 
i.  c,  from  5%  to  10%  of  CO.  is  retained.  When  dry  caustic 
magnesite  is  mixed  with  a  solution  of  magnesium  chloride    ^MgCL) 


44  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

in  proper  proportions,  a  very  strong  cement  is  produced,  known 
as  oxyehloride  or  Sorel  cement.*  ''It  is  applied  in  a  plastic 
form,  *  *  *  which  sets  in  a  few  hours  as  a  tough,  seamless  sur- 
face. It  has  also  a  very  strong  bonding  power,  and  will  hold  firmly  to 
wood,  metal,  or  concrete  as  a  base.  It  may  be  finished  with  a  very 
smooth  even  surface,  which  will  take  a  good  wax  or  oil  polish.  As 
ordinarily  mixed  there  is  added  a  certain  proportion  of  w^ood  flour, 
cork,  asbestos,  or  other  filler,  thereby  adding  to  the  elastic  properties 
of  the  finished  product."  Its  surface  is  described  as  "warm"  and 
"quiet"  as  a  result  of  the  elastic  and  nonconducting  character  of  the 
composite  material.  The  cement  is  usually  colored  by  the  addition  of 
some  mineral  pigment  to  the  materials  before  mixing  as  cement. 

The  desirable  qualities  of  any  flooring  material  (cost  not  considered) 
are  listed  for  purposes  of  analysis  or  comparison  under  eighteen  heads, 
as  follows:  Cleanliness  (sanitary  qualities),  quietness,  immunity  from 
abrasion  (surface  wear),  resilience,  immunity  from  slipperiness, 
appearance,  waterproof  character,  plasticity,  warmth  (thermal 
insulation),  life  (immunity  from  deterioration  with  age),  acid-proof 
character,  alkali-proof  character,  fire  resistance,  elasticity,  crushing:, 
strength,  structural  strength  (rupture),  immunity  from  expansion 
and  contraction,  and  lightness.  The  importance  of  these  several 
qualities  varies  with  the  varying  requirements  to  be  met;  for  instance, 
in  some  places,  as  in  hospitals,  cleanliness  is  one  of  the  prime  con- 
siderations; in  other  places  immunity  from  abrasion  might  be  one  of 
the  principal  requisites.  As  to  most  of  these  qualities  the  conclusion 
is  reached  that  the  magnesia  cement  affords  one  of  the  most  satis- 
factory flooring  materials  for  many  purposes  such  as  in  kitchen. 
laundry,  toilet,  and  bathrooms,  corridors,  large  rooms  or  halls  in 
public  or  other  buildings,  including  hospitals,  factories,  shops  and 
restaurants. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  material  is  steadily  coming  into  more 
general  recognition  and  favor  for  these  uses.  For  a  few  special  uses 
it  is  more  or  lass  disqualified;  as  an  instance,  it  is  not  suited  for  con- 
struction of  swimming  tanks  or  for  conditions  of  permanent  wetness, 
since  under  constant  immersion  it  gradually  softens,  although  it  is 
said  to  w^ithstand  intermittent  wetting  and  drying  and  is  recom- 
mended for  shower  baths.  Naturally  it  is  not  acid-proof  and  not 
wholly  alkali-proof,  which  might  be  a  disadvantage  in  use  for  labora- 
tory floors  and  tables;  but  these  are  rather  special  requirements. 
Its  cost  per  square  foot  is  given  as  25  to  33  cents,  depending  on  area, 
which  is  estimated  to  be  lower  than  marble,  cork,  rubber,   clay  or 


•In  this  summary  of  the  uses  and  properties  of  magnesia  cement  we  have  drawn 
freely  from  the  following  references : 

Eng.  Soc.  Western  I»ennsylvania  Proc,  1913,  vol.  29.  pp.  305-338,  418-444; 
U.  S.  G.  S..  Mineral  Resources,  1913,  Part  II,  pp.  450-453. 


STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION.  45 

mosaic  tile,  slate,  or  terrazzo,  although  more  expensive  than  wood, 
asphalt,  linoleum,  or  Portland  cement. 

In  the  discussion  of  the  subject  the  causes  of  failure  are  ascribed 
to  uncertain  climatic  changes,  lack  of  uniformity  in  the  mixtures  used, 
lack  of  care  on  the  part  of  those  handling  the  materials,  possible 
deterioration  of  materials  used  through  exposure  (either  before  or 
after  mixing),  lack  of  proper  preparation  of  foundations  on  which  the 
material  is  to  be  laid,  and,  as  a  very  important  factor,  experience  or 
nonexperience  in  the  manipulation  or  actual  laying  and  troweling  of  the 
material.  Data  concerning  the  percentages  of  magnesium  chloride  and 
of  ground  calcined  magnesia  and  data  concerning  the  character  and 
quantity  of  filler  and  color  added  to  the  commercial  preparations  are 
naturally  guarded  as  trade  secrets  by  the  firms  already  in  the  business. 
The  examination  and  standardization  of  the  raw  materials  used,  and  of 
acceptable  filler  materials,  and  the  establishment  of  standard  propor- 
tions for  the  mixtures  would  seem  to  be  about  the  only  satisfactory  way 
of  attacking  the  problem. 

The  condition  of  the  calcination  of  magnesite  for  cement  uses  is 
important,  as  the  same  material  may  undoubtedly  be  very  greatly 
varied  in  its  reacting  properties  b}^  differing  treatment  in  the  kiln.  It 
is  generally  agreed  that  the  magnesite  for  cement  use  must  be  com- 
paratively free  from  lime,  as  lime  has  a  greater  tendency  to  reabsorb 
water  and  carbon  dioxide  than  the  magnesia,  thereby  causing  swelling, 
and  is  therefore  not  so  permanent  in  the  completed  cement  as  a  pure 
magnesia  material.  The  fillers  used  may  constitute  10%  to  40% 
of  the  whole  cement,  and  commonly  consist  of  ground  marble,  sand, 
sawdust,  cork,  asbestos,  or  other  materials.  As  an  example  of  the 
formulas  used  in  mixing  such  cements  the  following  are  quoted:* 

Mi.rfuris  for  the  underlying  or  coarser  layer. 
[Parts  by  weight.] 

1.  15  ixirts  magnesia. 

10  parts  magnesium  chloride  solution,  20°  Baum6. 
10  parts  moist  sawdust. 
(Sets  in  36  hours.) 

2.  10  parts  magnesia. 

10  parts  magnesium  chloride  solution,  28°  Baume. 
5  parts  sawdust. 
(Sets  in  16  hours.) 

3.  20  parts  magnesia. 

15  parts  magnesium  chloride  solution,  20°  Baum6. 

4  parts  ground  cork. 

(Sets  in  24  hours.) 

4.  5  parts  magnesia. 

3  parts  magnesium  chloride  solution,  20°  Baum6. 

5  parts  ashes. 

(Sets  in  24  hours.) 


♦Scherer,  Robert,  Der  Magnesit.  sein  Vorkommen,  seine  Gewinnung  und  technische 
Verwertung,  pp.  216-217,  A.  Hartleben's  Bibliothek,  Wien  und  Leipzig  1908. 


46  MINERAL    TXDT'STHY    OF    CAT.TFORXIA. 

MirtiiKs   fur  orcrliiiiKj  or  surl'dtr   hnicrs. 
I  Parts  by  weight.] 

1.  40  parts  magnesia. 
.*^>  parts  magnesium  chloride  solution,  19°  Baum6. 
10  parts  asbestos  powder. 

5  parts  wood  flour. 
1  part  red  ocher. 
(Sets  in  24  hours.) 

2.  25  i>arts  magnesia. 
25  parts  magnesium  chloride,  21  °  Baume. 

4^  parts  wood  flour,  impregnated  with  4i  parts  Terpentinlmizirisvinu. 
15  parts  yellow  ocher. 

(Sets  in  30 hours.) 

The  magnesite  used  is,  as  explained,  the  fine  ground  calcined  (not 
dead-burned)  of  certain  specified  kinds  or  place  of  derivation  regu- 
larly sold  for  the  plastic  purposes.  This  material  commonly  conies  in 
paper-lined  casks,  barrels,  or  boxes,  in  which  form  it  is  I'nirly  pci- 
manent,  but  it  deteriorates  by  exposure,  absorbing  carbonic  acid  and 
moisture  from  the  air.  If  carefully  handled  it  can  probably  be  ke]^t 
unopened  a  year  or  more,  but  it  should  be  used  within  a  few  wnks 
after  being  opened,  even  under  most  favorable  conditions. 

In  considering  mineral  production  the  value  of  the  crude  material  is 
used  as  far  as  practicable.  Magnesite  presents  a  peculiar  example  of 
a  material  Avhich  is  seldom  handled  on  the  market  in  the  crudi'  stale. 
It  is  calcined  and  ground  before  being  considered  marketable.  The 
value  of  the  calcined  magnesite  varies,  the  San  Francisco  price  for 
1914  averaging  $25  to  $30  per  ton,  which  figure  includes  about  $4  \^vv 
ton  freight.  From  two  to  two  and  one-half  tons  of  the  crude  material 
are  mined  to  make  one  ton  of  the  calcined.  From  this  derivation  we 
have  arbitrarily  figured  the  value  of  the  crude  production,  for  1914, 
on  a  basis  of  $10  per  ton  at  the  mine. 

Magnesite  products  have  been  found  to  be  highly  satisfactory  and 
are  growing  in  po}Mihu'ity,  and  the  future  for  this  iiidiistiy  appears 
to  be  bright.  A  large  supply  is  already  known  to  exist  in  California, 
and  only  a  sufficient  demand  and  cheaper  transportation  are  lacking 
to  make  this  an  item  of  consequence  in  the  mineral  total  of  the  Stale 

Production  for  1914,  by  county,  is  given  in  the  following  table,  with 
total  crude  value,  figured  according  to  the  foregoing  assumption.  In 
addition  to  this,  a  considerable  tonnage  was  reported  as  having  been 
mined  at  certain  properties,  but  not  marketed  before  the  end  of  the 
year,  hence  not  entered  here: 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


47 


H|                                                          County 

Tons 

Value 

^fimprln 

150 
1,425 

213 
9.650 

$1,500 

Hhtn  OlnrR 

14,250 

^nomn 

2,130 

^■Inrp 

96,500 

B.Totfil,s 

11,438 

$114,380 

.nnual  production  for  California,  amount  and  value,  since  1887,  is 
bwn  in  the  following  tabulation: 


Tear 


1887 
1888 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 


1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


600  : 

$9,000 

600  . 

9,000 

600  . 

9,000 

600 

9,000 

1,500  '■ 

15,000 

1,500 

15,000 

1,093 

10,930 

1,440 

10,240 

2,200 

17,000 

1,500 

11,000 

1,143 

13,671 

1,263 

19,075 

1,280 

18,480 

2,252 

19,333 

4,726 

43,057 

2,830 

20,655 

1,361 

20,515 

2,850 

9,298 

3,933 

16,221 

4,032 

40,320 

6,405 

57,720 

10,582 

80,822 

7,942 

62,588 

16,570 

113,887 

8,858 

67,430 

10,512 

105,120 

9,632 

77,056 

11,438 

114,380 

Totals 


119,242        $1,014,798 


Marble. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII.     Bulletin  38. 
Marble  is  widely  distributed  in  California.     During  1914,  the  pro- 
duction by  counties  was  as  follows: 


County 

Cubic  feet      \ 

Value 

Invo    .  .         .           .._ ___    ______            

3,500 
100 

6  1 

21,830  1 

I 

$10,500 

Mariposa      .--..__           _    __                  _  _ 

100 

Tulare     _  _    

30 

Tuolumne    

38,202 

Totals 

25,436 

$48,832 

48 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


In  1913,  41,654  cubic  feet  were  sold,  having  a  spot  value  of 
$113,282.  The  decrease  from  the  previous  year  is  doubtless  a  reflec- 
tion of  the  laxity  in  building  operations,  which  is  shown  by  some  of 
the  other  structural  materials. 

Data  on  annual  production  since  1887,  as  compiled  by  the  State 
Mining  Bureau,  follows.  Previous  to  1894  no  records  of  amount  were 
preserved : 


Value 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
189i 
1895 
1896 
1897 


1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


Total  value 


38,441 

14,864 

7,889 

4,102 

8,050 

9,682 

4,103 

2,945 

19,305 

84,624 

55.401 

73,303 

31.400 

37,512 

18,653 

79,600 

18,960 

20,201 

27,820 

41,654 

25,436 


$5,000 

5,000 

87,030 

80,000 

100,000 

115,000 

40,000 

98,326 

56,566 

32,415 

7,280 

23,594 

10,550 

5,891 

4,630 

37,616 

97,354 

94,208 

129,450 
75,800 

118,066 
47,665 

238,400 
50,200 
54,103 
74,120 

113,282 
48.8:^2 


$1,850.:-; 


Onyx  and  Travertine. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII.     Bulletin  38. 
Onyx  and  travertine  are  known  to  exist  in  a  number  of  places  in 
California,  but  there  has  been  no  production  reported  since  the  yc.ir 
1896. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 

Voduction  by  years  is  as  follows: 


49 


Year 


1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

ISilfi 

Total 


$900 

900 

900 

1,500 

2,400 

1,800 

27,000 

20,000 

12,000 

24,000 


$91,400 


Sandstone. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII.  Bulletin  38. 
An  unlimited  amount  of  high  grade  sandstone  is  available  in  Cali- 
fornia, but  the  wide  use  of  concrete  in  buildings  of  every  character, 
as  well  as  the  popularity  of  a  lighter  colored  building  stone,  has 
retarded  this  branch  of  the  mineral  industry  very  seriously  during 
recent  years.  In  1914  six  counties  turned  out  111,691  cubic  feet, 
valued  at  $45,322,  which  is  a  considerable  advance  over  the  previous 
year.     Production  by  counties  is  as  follows: 


County 


Cubic  feet 


Amador _      

a960 
16,000 
81,000 

9,286 
250 

1,195 

$1,500 

Colusa   _____ ___      __ 

7,300 

San  Mateo _  .  _         __    __    

34,020 

Santa  Barbara 

*1,850 

Siskiyou __ ___ 

150 

Ventura  __ __ 

502 

Totals    _      

111,691 

$45,322 

^Includes    5,000    cubic    feet   conglomerate. 


Amount  and  value,  as  far  as  contained  in  the  records  of  this  Bureau, 
are  presented  herewith,  with  total  value  from  1887  to  date: 


4— IS  65  5 


50 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


1887 
1888 


1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
19(M 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


Total  value 


56,264 

378,468 

266,741 

212,123 

353,002 

363,487 

302,813 

182,076 

159,573 

93,301 

79,240 

165,971 

255,313 

66,487 

62,227 

111,691 


$175,(J(]0 

150,000 

175,598 

100,000 

100,000 

50,000 

26,314 

113,592 

35,373 

28,379 

24,086 

46,;384 

103,384 

254,140 

192,132 

142,506 

585,309 

567,181 

483,268 

164,068 

148,148 

55,151 

37,032 

80,443 

127,314 

22,574 

27,870 

45,322 


$4,060,568 


Serpentine. 

Reference:  Bulletin  38. 

Serpentine  has  not  been  produced  in  California  at  any  time,  to  a 
very  large  extent,  owing  to  defects  in  the  stone,  most  of  which  is  not  of 
good  texture. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  and  value  of  serpentine  since 
1895  as  recorded  by  this  Bureau: 


Year 

Cubic  feet 

Value 

1895                                         - 

4,000 

1,500 

2,500 

750 

500 

350 

89 

512 

99 

200 

847 

1,000 

$4,000 

1896                            

6.000 

1897                                             

2,m) 

1898                                                       

3,000 

1899                                                 

2,000 

1900                                                         _ _ 

2,0(X) 

1901                                             _ 

890 

1902                                                           - 

5,06.'-, 

1903                                                              

800 

1904                                                              _ _ 

2,310 

1906                                                            

1.694 

1907 

3,000 

Totals                                                -  -    

12,347 

$33,259 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


51 


Slate. 

•     Reference:  Bulletin  38. 
Jlate  was  first  produced  in  California  in  1889.     Up  to  and  including 
.0  such  production  was  continuous.     Many  large  deposits  are  known 
the  State,  especially  in  El  Dorado  and  Mariposa  counties,  but  the 
demand  is  not  what  it  was  a  few  years  past. 

A  complete  record  of  amount  and  value  of  slate  produced  in  Cali- 
iornia  follows: 


Year 

Squares 

Value 

1889 

4,500 

4,000 

4,000 

3,500 

3,000 

1,800 

1,350 

500 

400 

400 

810 

3,500 

5,100 

4,000 

10,000 

6,000 

4,000 

10,000 

7,000 

6,000 

6,961 

1,000 

$18,089 

1890  

24,000 

1891 

24,000 

1892  - 

21,000 

1893                                   -  - 

21,000 

1894 

11,700 

1895 

9,450 

1896  

2,500 

1897                                   -   

2,800 

1898 

2,800 

1899  

5,900 

190O  

26,250 

1901 

38,250 

1902 _  _   -____-    -  _-  

30,000 

1903  

70,000 

1904  

50,000 

1905  - 

40,000 

1906  

100,000 

1907  1-— 

60,000 

1908  

60,000 

1909  

45,660 

1910  

8,000 

Totals 

87,821 

$671,399 

Miscellaneous  Stone. 

Eeference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII.  Bulletin  38. 
Miscellaneous  stone  is  the  name  used  throughout  this  report  as  the 
title  for  that  branch  of  the  mineral  industry  covering  crushed  rock  of 
all  kinds,  granite,  paving  blocks  and  sand  and  gravel.  The  foregoing 
are  very  closely  related  from  the  standpoint  of  the  producer.  The 
quarry  which  produces  granite  blocks  this  year  may  have  a  commercial 
output  of  crushed  rock  next,  or  its  product  may  regularly  consist  of 
both  classes  of  material.  Thus  it  has  been  found  to  be  most  satisfactory 
to  group  these  items  as  has  been  done  in  recent  reports  of  this  Bureau. 
In  so  far  as  it  has  been  possible  to  do  so,  granite  and  crushed  rock 
production  has  been  subdivided  into  the  various  uses  to  which  the 
product  was  put.  It  will  be  noted,  however,  that  in  both  instances  a 
very  large  percentage  of  the  output  has  been  tabulated  under  the 
heading  ''Unclassified."     This  is  necessary  because  of  the  fact  that 


52 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


many  of  the  producers  have  no  way  of  telling  to  what  specific  use  their 
rock  was  put  after  they  have  quarried  and  sold  the  same. 

Stone,  as  well  as  some  other  structural  materials,  shows  a  decrease 
for  1914.  The  total  production  was  valued  at  $4,860,357,  at  the 
properties. 

As  has  been  the  case  for  several  years  past,  Los  Angeles  County  led 
all  others  by  a  wide  margin,  with  an  output  valued  at  $953,434;  Marin 
second,  with  $490,137;  Alameda  third,  with  $381,135;  and  Contra 
Costa  fourth,  with  $308,727. 

Granite  Production,  by  Counties,  for  1914. 


Building  stone 

Monumental 

Curbing 

Unclassified 

County 

Cubic 
feet 

Value 

Cubic 
feet 

Value 

Cubic 
feet 

Value 

Cubic 
feet 

Value 

Fresno 

60O 

$750 

9,600 
50 

$20,500 
50 

Humboldt 

113,975  i«i89nnn 

Lassen 

3,200 

244,500 

400 
178,650 

Madera   

10,030 

7,471 

603 

$422 

Napa 

*40,00O 

3,500 

Nevada     

1 

500 

12,842 

15 

2,803 

1,428 

18,023 

150 

2,415 

250 
45,962 

100 
10,210 

600 

25,175 

50 

6,062 

Placer  

Plumas   

Riverside 

Sacramento  _ 

11,240 

588 

35,675 

28,000 

14,950 

500 

11,934 

37,500 

75,000 

U22,400 

5,000 

100,000 

979 

3,700 

San     Bernar- 
dino   

2,500 

250 

San  Diego  ___ 

125 

14,117 
706 

125 

1.800 
780 

5,300 

6,300 

Santa   Bar- 
bara      

Sonoma 

t5,200 

572 

Tulare  

1,000 

750 

2,000 

1,000 

Totals  

338,751 

$247,389 

42,140 

$57,087 

64,825 

$33,131 

358,375 

$291,179 

•Tuff. 

tBasalt. 

j  Decomposed. 


Paving    Biock   Production,   by   Counties 

,  for  1914. 

County 

M 

Value 

Placer    _ 

285 

653 

60 

300 

.      650 

106 

i>,yyj7 

$9,000 

Riverside  

34,386 

Sacramento 

1,800 

San  Bernardino __ 

15,000 

San  Diego  _ 

37,129 

Solano 

4.778 

Sonoma 

168,505 

Totals   

6,053 

$270,598 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 
Sand  and  Gravel   Production,  by  Counties,  for  1914. 


53 


County 


Tonfi 


Value 


leda  

Jutte 

Contra  Costa  .. 

Del  Norte  

El  Dorado  

Fresno  

Glenn 

Humboldt   

Lassen  

Los  Angeles  — 

Madera 

Marin    

Mendocino  

Monterey   

Napa  

Nevada    

Orange  

Placer    

Riverside   

Sacramento    — 
San  Bernardino 

San  Diego  

San  Francisco  . 
San  Joaquin  __. 

San  Mateo 

Santa  Barbara  . 

Santa  Clara  

Shasta   

Siskiyou  

Sonoma  

Stanislaus  

Yuba  


Totals 


599.92©* 
99,811 

45,842 

500 

1,000 

52,141 

458,304 

9,500 

300 

,484,707 

1,800 

300 

800 

98,037 

153,935 

400 

72,707 

30,000 

14,810 

321,473 

84,799 

186,127 

33,270 

38,880 

21,318 

10,500 

40,230 

250 

53,713 

114,785 

65,031 

81,693 


4,176,889 


$241,619 

11,280 

9,695 

250 

500 

26,071 

30,553 

10,840 

325 

400,270 

40O 

100 

560 

36.517 

97,818 

80 

18,315 

9,000 

5,990 

36.685 

35,215 

70,851 

6,654 

19,440 

6,893 

3,500 

19,957 

125 

5,371 

37,972 

3,096 

14.895 

$1,160,837 


♦Includes  moulding  sand. 


54 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


C<l  CO  "t) 
Ol  00  t- 
(M  1-1  6q 


>/5  (N  lO 

CO  "«*<  ob 


u 


i 


tH  OO 

CO 


8  CM  S  S  S 


s  ^ 


th  ^  c5  o  O  00 

l<05  CO  CN  t^ 

6©- 


11^ 


o 
O 

OS  -M  a 


o 
»H  OS      ;:^ 


(M  ,-1  t^ 

'^  (M  CO 
1-1  00  t^ 


-°S 


^  O  "^  CC  <^  (M 
OT  Q  f  QC  "^  C^J 

'  Q  00  i-T  C^  T-H 


cs»  <N  a;  53 
i>ri-H 


■3*  00  O  Q  lO  t^  00 
OS  iO  CO  io  Tf  CO  ,-1 
00  (M  «D  t^  1^  O  t^ 

'!3<'  ■;*■  «D  05  2?  ^'  C^ 
1-1  05  1—1         05  iO  1— I 


Ti<  «o  o  -^  C^ 

t>.  t^  O  CO  (M 

00  lO  O  t^  t^ 


8 


08  >> 


cq  S  o* 
i^  ^J  »i3 


'-""g 


OS  CO  OO-rH 

p:  th  CO 


o  as 

»-;  00 


O  1-H 


g^ 


a  £!  ^^'s  5  a  a  «j  ^ 

"Scficn'O'C'JlIda 
S  08  o  5  *  *  c> 


35  O  O  05  o 

"^  =!  w  55  i-< 
r^  O  5  O  05 


OO  t--  Q  »n  Oi 
CO  »<ti  Q  CO  q? 

Co  C^  O  t>^  CO 

00  05  CO  od  i-T 


2  o 


03    P 


^" 


a  o 


, o  *S  o  |2 

2  £  3  «  S  o  £  ?^  «  03  «  g  a 


I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


55 


Total  value  of  production  of  ''Miscellaneous  Stone"  by  counties, 
1914  and  1918.  witli  increase  or  decrease  in  each  instance: 


^m                            County 

1914 

1913 

Decrease 

Increase 

BlRTnodn        ... 

$381,135 

$456,064 

670 

258,503 

660,405 

$74,929 

670 

207,608 

351,678 

Kpf)f),f|or 

50,895 

308,727 

3,250 

2,600 

237,963 

30,553 

208,204 

K>ntrn  OostR 

Kl  NortP 

$3,250 

B[  Dorado 

4,678 

416,437 

27,776 

439,808 

12,000 

835 

2,030 

1,008,810 

271,589 

198,953 

2,078 
178,474 

Glenn    _.    .    

2,777 

Humboldt                     -         _      _ 

231,604 

12,000 

835 

1,255 

55,376 

78,825 

' 

Imperial 

Inyo     -         _____ 

Lassen      

775 

953,434 

192,764 

490,137 

15,366 

560 

Los  Angeles _    



Madera 

Marin   __      _  _  _  _           - 

291,184 

Mariposa __    __       

15,366 

Mendocino         _            _            _  _ 

9,450 

30,000 

12,556 

243,759 

5,000 

36,815 

205,749 

1,700 

536,844 

238.476 

119,500 

364,312 

170,014 

110,551 

900 

134 

18,635 

11,450 

29,377 

10,511 

8,890 
30,000 

"'""  113^443' 

2,892 

Merced           _ -_  _- 

Monterey        _____    ___    __    

39,202 

130,316 

2,108 

88,315 
203,593 
1,879 
206,802 
253,235 
110,630 
131,978 
210,250 
119,889 

19,440 

26,646 

Napa           _    __ _ 

Nevada    _    _      _ 

Orange        .      

51,500 

T^laccr    __  _ _  

2,156 

J'lumas 

179 

Riverside               _             _  _ 

330,042 

Sacramento               _  _ 

14,758 

San   Benito _      

8,870 
232,334 

San  Bernardino 

San  Diego  _____ 

40,236 

San  Francisco 

9,338 

San  Joaquin  __ _ 

18,540 

San  Luis  Obispo                      _  _ 

134 

San  Mateo       _ _ 

_ 

34,648 

15,300 

39,093 

4,276 

125 

5,371 

71,288 

276,516 

3,096 

16,013 

Santa  Barbara 

3,850 

Santa   Clara 



6;235 

9,716 

Santa   Oruz   _ 

Shasta  _ 

125 

Siskiyou                        _           __           _ 

4,883 

28,915 

191,436 

14,482 

600 

1,000 

4,350 

8,063 

488 

Solano                            _           -_  _ 

42,373 

Sonoma           _ 

85,080 

Stanislaus ..  __ 

11,386 

600 

1,000 

2.600 

Tehama 

Trinity _  _    

Tulare 

1,750 
14,895 

Tuba        -                  

6,832 

Totals     . 

$4,860,357 

$6,168,020 

$1,307,663 

Net  decrease __ 

56 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


CHAPTER  FIVE. 

INDUSTRIAL  MATERIALS. 

The  following  mineral  substances  have  been  arbitrarily  arranged 
under  the  general  heading  of  ''Industrial  Materials,"  as  distinguished 
from  those  which  have  a  clearly  defined  classification,  such  as  metals, 
salines,  structural  materials,  etc. 

These  materials,  many  of  which  are  mineral  earths,  are  produced  on 
a  comparatively  small  scale  at  the  present  time.  Almost  without  ex- 
ception the  possibilities  of  development  along  these  lines  are  practically 
unlimited;  and  with  increasing  transportation,  and  other  facilities, 
together  with  a  steadily  growing  demand,  the  future  for  this  branch 
of  the  mineral  industry  in  California  is  indeed  bright.  There  is 
scarcely  a  county  in  the  State  but  might  contribute  to  the  output. 

To  date,  production  has  been  in  the  majority  of  instances  dependent 
upon  more  or  less  of  a  strictly  local  market,  and  the  following  data 
will  show  the  results  of  such  a  condition,  not  only  in  the  widely  vary- 
ing amounts  of  a  certain  material  produced  from  year  to  year,  but  in 
widely  varying  prices  of  the  same  material,  often,  in  different  sections 
of  the  State.  Furthermore,  the  quality  of  this  general  class  of  material 
will  be  found  to  fluctuate,  even  in  the  same  deposit,  especially  as 
regards  price. 

The  following  summary  shows  the  value  of  the  industrial  materials 
produced  in  California  during  the  years  1913-1914,  with  increase  or 
decrease  in  each  instance: 


Substance 

1913 

1914 

Increase 

Decrease 

Asbestos  

$1,175 

3,680 

261,273 

7,850 

3,700 

13,740 

25 

135,050 

35,968 

274,455 

$1,530 

3,000 

167,552 

16,565 
5,928 
3,970 

$355 

Barytes _      __ 

$680 

Clay    __ 

93,721 

Feldspar    

8,715 
2,228 

Fuller's  earth      

Gems 

9,770 

Graphite 

25 

Gypsum  _ 

78,375 

80,350 

517,713 

1,500 

847 

476,169 

1,000 

230,058 

4,800 

17,888 

4,500 

56,675 

Infusorial  earth 

44,382 

243,258 

1,500 

Limestone  _    . 

Manganese   

Mineral  paint 

1,780 
599,748 

4,500 
218,537 

7,756 
14,143 

6,150 

933 

Mineral  water 

123,579 

Pumice 

3,500 

Pyrites 

11,521 

Quartz  rock      . 

2.956 

Rand,  glass  _         __                 _       

3.745 

Soapstono    __  

1,650 

Totals   

$1,589,530 

$1,611,745 

$22,215 

Net  increase _ __ 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION.  57 

Asbestos. 

Beference:  State  Mineralogist  Keports  XII,  XIII.     Bulletin  38. 

Though  asbestos  of  various  grades  is  known  to  exist  widely  distri- 
buted in  California,  the  production  for  the  year  1914  was  but  51  tons, 
valued  at  $1,580,  the  combined  result  of  several  small  shipments  from 
a  number  of  localities,  including  Shasta,  Trinity,  Placer,  Calaveras, 
Alameda,  and  El  Dorado  counties.  One  firm  has  established  a  grind- 
ing and  fiberizing  plant  in  Oakland,  and  is  now  manufacturing  a 
series  of  products  in  which  both  asbestos  and  magnesite  play  a  part. 
These  include  steam  pipe  covering,  composition  flooring,  and  plaster  for 
stucco  work.  The  outlook  is  for  a  decided  increase  in  the  output  of 
these  materials  during  the  coming  year. 

The  real  history  of  the  development  and  use  of  asbestos  dates  back 
only  about  sixty  years.  Since  that  time  the  investigation  as  to  its 
occurrence,  uses,  and  methods  of  treatment  has  been  continuous,  and 
its  application  to  everyday  life  has  grown  with  wonderful  rapidity. 
The  first  mill  built  to  handle  the  crude  ore  and  extract  the  fibre  on  a 
large  scale  by  machinery  was  constructed  in  1888. 

The  first  production  of  asbestos  in  California  was  in  1887,  when 
■10  tons  were  mined,  having  a  crude  value  of  $60  per  ton,  according  to 
the  State  Mining  Bureau  reports. 

The  bulk  of  the  world's  supply  of  this  mineral  today  comes  from 
Canada;  and  Canadian  asbestos,  so  far,  leads  in  quality  as  well  as  in 
quantity. 

The  word  ''asbestos"  (derived  from  the  Greek  meaning  incom- 
bustible) as  used  here  includes  several  minerals,  from  a  strictly  minera- 
logical  standpoint.  There  are  two  main  divisions,  however:  amphi- 
bole  and  chrysotile.  The  fibrous  varieties  of  several  of  the  amphiboles 
(silicates  chiefly  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron),  notably  tremolite  and 
actinolite,  are  called  asbestos.  Their  fibres  usually  lie  parallel  to  the 
fissures  containing  them.  Amphibole  asbestos  possesses  high  refrac- 
tory properties,  but  lacks  strength  of  fibre,  and  is  used  principally  for 
covering  steam  pipes  and  boilers.  Chrysotile,  a  hydrous  silicate  of 
magnesia,  is  a  fibrous  form  of  serpentine,  and  often  of  silky  fineness. 
Its  fibres  are  formed  at  right  angles  to  the  direction  of  the  fissures  con- 
taining them.  Chrysotile  fibres,  though  short,  have  considerable 
strength  and  elasticity,  and  may  be  spun  into  threads  and  woven  into 
cloth. 

To  bring  the  highest  market  price  asbestos  must  needs  have  a  com- 
bination of  properties,  i.  e.,  length  and  fineness  of  fibre,  tensile  strength 
and  flexibility — all  combined  w^ith  infusibility.  Of  these  qualities  the 
most  important  are  toughness  and  infusibility,  and  determination  of 
the  same  can  only  be  made  by  practical  tests  or  in  the  laboratory. 
Given  several  specimens  of  the  same  tensile  strength  and  degree  of 

5—18655 


58  MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

infusibility,  the  one  having  the  longest  fibre  will,  of  course,  be  of  the 
greatest  value.  It  must  be  kept  in  mind,  however,  that  length  of  fibre 
alone,  the  characteristic  which  most  naturally  appeals  to  the  eye,  is  not 
the  final  test  in  regard  to  the  commercial  value  of  the  find;  and  much 
short  fibre  asbestos,  which  on  first  appearance  is  of  inferior  grade,  is 
being  sold  and  profitably  handled  at  the  present  time. 

The  largest  Canadian  asbestos  deposits  are  worked  as  open  quarries 
where  the  ore  is  roughly  sorted  before  being  sent  to  the  mill  to  be 
dressed  for  the  market.  This  method  has  been  found  to  be  cheapci 
and  more  satisfactory  in  every  way. 

The  milling  of  asbestos  ore,  while  more  or  less  complicated  in  actual 
practice,  is  easy  to  understand  and  has  one  well-defined  object  in  view : 
That  is,  the  complete  eradication  of  all  foreign  rock  ingredients  and 
the  thorough  cleaning  and  separation  of  the  fibres. 

Asbestos,  roughly  speaking,  is  worth  from  $20  to  $200  per  ton.  The 
poorer  grades  w^hich  are  unsuitable  for  weaving,  and  w^hich,  of  course, 
command  the  lower  prices,  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  steam 
packing,  furnace  linings,  asbestos  brick,  wall  plasters,  paints,  tilings, 
asbestos  board,  insulating  material,  etc.  The  better  grades  are  util- 
ized in  the  manufacture  of  tapestries  of  various  kinds,  fireproof 
theater  curtains,  cloth,  rope,  etc. 

A  very  important  development  of  the  asbestos  industry  is  the  rapidly 
increasing  demand  for  the  low^er  grade  material,  on  account  of  the 
numerous  diversified  uses  to  which  asbestos  products  are  being  put,  in 
almost  every  branch  of  manufacture.  This  fact  means  that  many 
deposits  of  asbestos  will  become  commercially  important  even  though 
the  grade  of  the  material  is  far  from  the  best. 

It  has  been  discovered  only  recently  that  not  only  does  an  asbestos 
wall  plaster  render  the  wall  so  covered  impervious  to  heat,  but  that  in 
rooms  which  have  given  forth  an  undesirable  echo  this  evil  lias  Ixcii 
absolutely  removed.  Asbestos  pulp  mixed  with  cement  and  nuignosite 
has  been  experimented  with  in  the  East;  and  roofing,  flooring,  and 
other  building  material  of  the  most  satisfactory  sort  has  been  manu- 
factured therefrom. 

The  value  of  the  domestic  production  of  asbestos  has  averaged 
around  $4.3,000  annually,  the  past  ten  years,  except  1911,  which  was 
approximately  $120,000.  The  imports,  largely  from  Canada,  for  1913 
amounted  to  $1,928,705,  according  to  U.  S.  G.  S.  Mineral  Resources. 
1913.  This  value  is  for  crude  material;  adding  the  imported  maun 
factured  asbestos  articles  the  figure  amounts  to  $2,318,369. 

With  the  field  for  development  along  these  lines  which  is  open  in 
California,  it  seems  almost  certain  that  some  time  in  the  future  will 
see  this  branch  of  the  mineral  industry  adding  its  share  to  the  total 
of  the  wealth  and  productiveness  of  this  State. 


< 


I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


59 


'otal  amount  and  value  of  asbestos  production  in  California  since 
J7,  as  given  in  the  records  of  this  Bureau,  are  as  follows : 


1 

Tons 

Value 

1 

3C 
30 

30 
71 
66 
30 
50 
50 
25 

$1,800 

m 

1,800 

1889  

1,800 

1890  _.. 

4,260 

1891  

3.960 

1892        _                _       - 

1,830 

1893   -        _   ._   __        

2,500 

18W 

2,250 

1895  

1,000 

1897  ._  __ 

1898  

10 

30 

50 

110 

200 

1899  

750 

1900  

1,250 

1901  

4,4G0 

1902 

1903 

190t 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


10 

112 

70 

70 

70 

65 

200 

125 

90 

47 

51 

162 

2.625 

3,500 

3,500 

6,100 

6,500 

20,000 

500 

2,700 

1,175 

1,530 

. 

Totals  -  -   _        _  _     --   

1,492 

$76,092 

Barytes. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII.     Bulletin  38. 

The  output  of  crude  barytes  during  1914  was  2,000  tons,  valued  at 
Jt^ilOOO,  as  compared  with  the  1913  production  of  1,600  tons,  worth 
$3,680.  This  indicates  a  spot  value  of  only  $1.50  per  ton  for  the  1914 
product.  As  a  matter  of  fact  barytes  is  ordinarily  sorted  and  ground 
before  being  put  on  the  market,  and  in  this  prepared  condition  brings 
approximately  $10  to  $14  per  ton.  The  principal  use  of  this  material 
is  in  the  paint  industry.  Minor  uses  are  in  tanning  of  leather,  manu- 
facture of  paper  and  rope,  and  sugar  refining.  A  grinding  and 
chemical  plant  has  recently  begun  operations  at  Melrose,  Alameda 
County,  making  a  specialty  of  barium  compounds. 

Known  occurrences  of  this  mineral  in  California  are  located  in 
Butte,  Mariposa,  San  Bernardino,  Shasta,  Calaveras,  Inyo,  and  Nevada 
counties.  The  deposit  at  El  Portal,  in  Mariposa  County,  has  given  the 
largest  commercial  production  to  date. 


60 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OP   CALIFORNIA, 


Bauxite. 

Reference:  Bulletin  38. 

No  deposits  of  pure  bauxite  have  been  discovered  in  the  State,  al-  , 
though  from  time  to  time  small  quantities  of  the  impure  material  have 
been  the  foundation  of  extravagant  reports  regarding  such  discoveries. 
In  1912  a  company  was  incorporated  and  work  of  developing  sucli  a 
deposit  was  outlined,  but  close  investigation  proved  the  futility  of  such 
effort. 

According  to  Bulletin  67  of  this  Bureau,  bauxite  of  uncertain  quality 
has  been  found  at  Smartsville,  Yuba  County. 

Clay. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  I,  IV,  IX,  XII.  Bulletin  38. 

At  one  time  or  another  in  the  history  of  the  State,  pottery  clay  has 
been  quarried  in  thirty-three  of  its  counties.  In  this  report  "pottery 
clay ' '  refers  to  all  clays  used  in  the  manufacture  of  red  and  brown  - 
earthenware,  flower  pots,  tiling  of  all  descriptions,  architectural  terra  i| 
cotta,  sewer  pipe,  etc.,  and  the  figures  for  amount  and  value  are  relative 
to  the  crude  material  at  the  pit,  without  reference  to  whether  the  clay 
was  sold  in  the  crude  form,  or  whether  it  was  immediately  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  any  of  the  above  finished  products  by  the  producer. 

During  1914  producers  in  seven  counties  reported  an  output  of 
179,948  tons  of  clay,  having  a  spot  value  of  $167,552  for  the  crude 
material,  as  compared  with  the  1913  production  of  231,179  tons  worth 
$261,273. 

A  tabulation  of  the  direct  returns  from  the  producers,  by  counties, 
for  the  year  1914  is  shown  herewith : 


County 

Tons 

Value 

Alameda 

5,000 

32,223 

280 

346 

8,263 

63,700 

70,136 

$1,000 

Amador      _    _  _ : 

33,114 

Calaveras   

280 

Kern    

172 

Los  Angeles   __  

14,566 

Placer    

49,000 

Riverside 

69.420 

Totals   

179,948 

$167,552 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


61 


Amount  and  value  of  clay  output  in  California  since  1887,  are  given 
in  the  following  table: 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1  >nS7 

75,000 

75,000 

75.000 

lOO.OOO 

100,000 

100,000 

24,856 

28,475 

37,660 

41,907 

24,592 

28.947 

40,600 

59,636 

55,679 

67.933 

90,972 

84,149 

133,805 

167,267 

160,385 

208,042 

299,424 

249,028 

224,576 

199.605 

231,179 

179.948 

$37,500 

1888      -        -   _   _             _   _    _ 

37,500 

1889      -  -   -  -  

37,500 

1890  -   

50,000 

1891   

50,000 

1892   -  -  

50.000 

1893 

67,284 

1894  

35,073 

1895                -   - 

39,685 

1896             - - 

62,900 

1897      -   -   

30,290 

1898     — 

33,747 

1899   -  -    —  

42,700 

1900 -— 

60,956 

1901  

39,144 

1902  

74,163 

1903                        -   - 

99,907 

1904          _    

81,952 

1905 

130,146 

1906 __  

162,283 

1907 

254,454 

1908  

325,147 

1909  

465,647 

1910  

324,099 

1911 

252,759 

1912                    -        -  -    _  - 

215,683 

1913                -     -   

261,273 

1914             :   _   _  -    -_  

167,552 

Totals  

3.163.665 

$3,489,344 

Feldspar. 

Reference:  Bulletin  67. 
Feldspar  was  produced  in  Monterey  and  Tulare  counties  during 
1914,  to  the  total  amount  of  3,530  tons,  valued  at  $16,565.  Feldspar 
production  only  dates  back  to  1910  in  this  State ;  the  mineral  is  a  con- 
stituent of  many  rocks,  but  can  only  be  commercially  produced  from 
pegmatites  where  the  crystals  are  large  and  quite  free  from  impurities. 
The  open  cut  method  of  mining  this  material  is  commonly  used.  Man- 
ufacturers of  enamel  wares  and  pottery  buy  most  of  the  better  grades 
of  feldspar  produced.  Small  quantities  are  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  glass  and  scouring  soaps,  and  the  more  impure  material  is  utilized 
as  ''chicken  grit,"  in  making  various  brands  of  roofing,  and  in  other 
ways.  Various  experiments  have  been  made  with  the  potash  feldspars 
in  the  attempt  to  prove  their  value  as  a  fertilizer,  with  more  or  less 
negative  results. 


62 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Total  amount  and  value  of  feldspar  production  in  California  since 
the  inception  of  the  industry  are  given  in  the  following  table,  by  years : 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1910     

760 

740 

1,382 

2,129 

3,530 

$5,720 

1911     —      

4,560 

1912     -    

6,180 

1913     

7,850 

1914   

16,565 

Totals    

8.541 

$40,875 

Fuller's  earth. 

Reference:  Bulletin  38. 

Fuller's  earth  production  in  California  during  the  year  1914 
amounted  to  760  tons,  valued  at  $5,928,  as  compared  with  460  tons 
worth  $3,700  in  1913. 

This  material  is  soft  and  friable,  and,  in  general,  resembles  a  clay. 
It  has  no  definite  mineralogical  composition,  and  its  commercial  value 
is  determined  by  its  physical  properties,  i.  e.,  texture,  and  filtering 
and  absorbent  properties. 

In  California  fuller's  earth  is  used  principally  in  clarifying  refined 
mineral  oils,  although  its  first  use  was  in  fulling  wool,  as  the  name 
indicates.     During  1914  the  production  by  counties  was  as  follows: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

Calaveras .  _. 

290 

20 

450 

$2,618 

Kings                                                                         -                  

160 

Monterey 

3,i:.ii 

Totals 

760 

$5.9L'S 

I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


It  was  first  discovered  in  this  State  in  1899,  and  the  total  amount 
id  value  of  the  production  since  that  time  are  as  follows: 


63 


Tons 


Value 


1               620 

$12,400 

500 

3.750 

!            1,000 

19,500 

i               987 

19,246 

250 

4,750 

1               500 

9,500 

1.344 

38,000 

440 

10,500 

100 

1.000 

50 

1,000 

459 

7,385 

i               340 

3.820 

I               466 

5,294 

i               876 

6,500 

.[               460 

3,700 

.!               760 

5,928 

9,152 

$152,273 

Gems. 

Reference :  Bulletms  37,  64,  67.     State  Mineralogist  Report  II. 
Accounting  for  the  production  of  gems  in  California  is  very  unsatis- 
factory,  owing  to   the  widely  scattered  places   at   which   stones   are 
irathered   and   marketed  in   a  very   small   way.     The   following  table 
shows  the  production  by  counties  during  1914; 


County 

Value 

Kind 

Butte       _  .    _-       

$100 

2,100 

60 

1,510 

200 

Diamonds. 

Los  Angeles 

Beach  stones. 

Nevada      _  _ 

Diamond. 

San  Diego        _        _  _    _ 

Hvacinth,   beryl,  topaz,  tourmaline, 

San  31ateo    _  __. 

kunzite. 
Beacli  stones. 

Total    

$3,970 

64  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OP    CALIFORNIA. 

The  value  of  the  total  gem  production  in  California  annually  since 
the  beginning  of  commercial  production  is  as  follows: 


Year 

Value 

1900  ._      _  _ 

$20,500 
40,000 

1901  ._ 

1902 

162,100 

1903    

110  500 

1904  _   _  _   _  _ 

136  000 

1905   -   _ 

148,500 

1906  .   _ 

497,090 

1907  ______   

232,642 

1908  

208,950 

1909  

193,700 

1910  

237,475 

1911  

51,824 

1912  

23,050 

1913 

13,740 

1914    _       _                       _            _____ 

3,970 

Total                 _   -  _ --- 

$2,080,041 

Graphite. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XIII. 

Graphite  has  been  produced  from  time  to  time  in  the  State,  but  it 
is  difficult  for  these  deposits,  which  are  not  particularly  pure,  to  com- 
pete with  foreign  supplies  which  go  on  the  market  almost  directly  as 
they  come  from  the  deposit. 

The  annual  graphite  production  of  the  United  States  amounts  to 
about  $250,000 ;  the  yearly  imports  have  a  value  of  approximately  two 
million  dollars.  These  facts  show  the  possibilities  which  are  open  to 
this  branch  of  the  mineral  industry  provided,  of  course,  that  investi- 
gation would  show  sufficient  amounts  of  high  grade  material  to  com- 
pete with  the  imported  article,  which  at  the  present  time  comes  largely 
from  Ceylon.  Low  grade  ores  are  concentrated  with  considerable  diffi- 
culty and  the  electric  process  of  manufacturing  artificial  graphite  from 
coal  has  been  perfected  to  such  a  degree  that  only  deposits  of  natural 
graphite  of  a  superior  quality  can  be  exploited  with  any  certainty  of 
success. 

On  account  of  its  unfusibility  and  resistance  to  the  action  of  molten 
metals  graphite  is  very  valuable.  It  is  also  largely  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  electrical  appliances,  of  ''lead"  pencils,  as  a  lubricant  and  in 
many  other  ways.  Amorphous  or  "lump"  graphite,  commonly  carry 
ing  many  impurities,  is  worth  as  low  as  $10  a  ton.  For  some  purposes, 
such  as  foundry  facings,  etc.,  the  low  grade  material  is  very  satisfac- 
tory. The  price  increases  with  the  grade  of  the  material  until  the  best 
quality  crystalline  variety,  ranges  as  high  as  $200  per  ton. 


J 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL  PRODUCTION. 


65 


i Occurrence  of  graphite  has  been  reported  at  various  times  from 
ilaveras,  Fresno,  Los  Angeles,  Mendocino,  San  Bernardino,  Siskiyou, 
Sonoma,  and  Tuolumne  counties. 

During  1914,  no  production  was  reported  in  this  State.     The  pre- 
\ious  production  by  years  is  as  follows: 


Year 

Pounds 

Value 

1901  

128,000 

84,000 

2,500 

$4,480 

1902                                -  -    - 

1,680 

1913 

25 

Totals     

214,500 

$6,185 

Gypsum. 

Reference:  Bulletins  38,  67. 
Gypsum  is  widely  distributed  throughout  the  State,  and  is  produced 
to  a  considerable  extent,  to  supply  the  fertilizer  manufacturers  and  the 
manufacturers  of  plaster  and  cement.     During  1914  the  production 
bv  counties  was  as  follows: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

Kern  __    _  __             _    - -    

82 

20 

7,000 

5,300 

17,332 

$320 

Kings    _ --        _        _        ______      _ 

80 

MontGrey                                                                          _      _         _ 

21,000 

Riverside                                                                            _         

7,825 

San  Bernardino                                                                    _      _  _ 

49,150 

Totals 

29,734 

$78,375 

66 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OP    CALIFORNIA. 


1 


Total  annual  production  of  gypsum  in  California  since  such  records 
have  been  compiled  by  this  Bureau  is  as  follows: 


Tear 


1887  

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  

1895  

1896  

1897  

1898  

1899  

1900  

1901  

1902  

1903  

1904  

1905  

1906  

1907  

1908  

1909  

1910  

1911  

1912  

1913  

1914  

Totals 


Tom 


2,700 

$27,0(1- 

2,500 

25,00. 

3,000 

30.0WI 

3,000 

30,00(1 

2,000  i 

20,00< 

2,000 

20,C0(i 

1,620  ' 

14,280 

2,446  1 

24,584 

5,158  j 

51,014 

1,310  I 

12,58(1 

2,200  i 

19,250 

3,100  ; 

23,600 

3,663  ! 

14.950 

2,522  1 

10,08.^ 

3,875 

38.751 

10,200  : 

53,500 

6,914  ' 

46,441 

8,350  i 

56,592 

12,850 

51.500 

21,000  ! 

69,000 

8,900  i 

57,70(1 

34,600  i 

155.40!) 

30,700  J 

13817(i 

45,294  • 

129,152 

31,457 

101,475 

37,529 

117.388 

47,100  ) 

135,050 

29,734  1 

78,375 

365,722  I   $1,553,845 


Infusorial  Earth. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  II,  XII,  XIII.    Bulletin  38. 

Infusorial,  or  diatomaceous,  earth — sometimes  called  tripolite — is  a 
very  light  and  extremely  porous  chalk-like  material  composed  of  pure 
silica  which  has  been  laid  down  under  water  and  consists  of  the  remains 
of  microscopical  infusoria  and  diatoms.  Its  principal  commercial  use 
is  as  an  absorbent.  It  is  also  a  first-class  non-conductor  of  heat,  is  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  scouring  soap  and  polishing  powders,  and  in 
making  some  classes  of  refractory  brick.  The  most  important  deposits 
in  California  thus  far  known  are  located  in  Los  Angeles,  Monterey, 
Orange,  San  Benito,  San  Bernardino,  San  Luis  Obispo,  Santa  Barbara, 
Shasta,  and  Tehama  counties. 

During  1914  there  were  four  actively  operated  quarries  prodiiciiiG: 
this  material,  and  three  additional  properties  were  reported  idle. 

Production  during  that  time  amounted  to  12,840  tons,  valucMl  at 
$80,350. 


I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


67 


The  first  recorded  production  of  this  material  in  California  occurred 
1889;  total  amount  and  value  of  output,  to  date,  are  as  follows: 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1889  

39 

50 

51 

5 

422 

2,703 

6.950 

3,000 

2,430 

2,531 

2,950 

500 

1,843 

2,194 

4,129 

8,645 

12,840 

$1,335 

2,000 

2,040 

200 

1893        -      -   . 

1894     -    -  — _    

1897 - 

1902  

1903  

2,532 
16,015 

1904        -                  -  - 

112,282 
15,000 
14  400 

1905        

1906      

1907  .--    -    --_      -_ 

28,948 

1908      .- 

32  012 

1909  __    __ 

3,500 

1910     ---     --    -     — 

17,617 

1911 

19,670 

1912  

17,074 

1913 

35,968 

1914  -    _      . 

80,350 

Totals    

51,282 

$400,943 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  average  price  varies  widely  from  year  to 
year.  This  fact  is  true  in  case  of  many  of  the  industrial  materials. 
The  quality  of  the  product  fluctuates,  as  does  the  demand;  when  both 
are  favorable  the  maximum  price  obtains. 

Limestone. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  IV,  XII.     Bulletin  38. 

Limestone  was  produced  in  ten  counties  during  1914,  to  the  amount 
of  572,272  tons,  valued  at  $517,713.  This  amount  does  not  include  the 
limestone  used  in  the  manufacture  of  cement  or  in  lime,  but  accounts 
for  that  used  as  smelter  flux  and  other  manufacturing  processes,  and  a 
considerable  amount  which  is  used  as  road  metal. 

Distribution  by  counties  of  the  1914  output  is  as  follows : 


Coutity 

Tons 

Value 

Alameda 

50 
32,657 

202,575 
23,006 

153,329 
6,157 
14,666 
36,997 
86,128 
16,707 

$250 

Contra  Costa    _  .                     _ 

43,661 

Placer _  _    _    _      

202,575 

San  Bernardino 

20,880 

San  Mateo    __    _      

75,941 

Santa  Barbara     

11,263 

Santa  Cruz                                                                      _      

25,082 

Shasta  

30.026 

Solano     _                           _  _       __ 

86,128 

Tuolumne  __.. _  _ 

21.907 

Totals 

572.272 

$517,713 

68  MINERAL  INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

In  the  early  reports  of  this  Bureau  values  for  lime  and  limestone 
were  not  segregated.  The  following  tabulation  shows  the  total  com- 
bined value  of  such  material  since  records  for  the  State  were  first 
compiled,  in  1887,  to  date: 


Year 

Value 

1887  

$368,750 
381,750 
416,780 
350,000 
300,000 
300,000 
301,276 
337,975 
457,784 
332,617 
291,465 
278,558 
343,760 
315,231 
434,133 
460  140 

1888  

1889 

1890  . __ 

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  

1895  _ 

1896  __  _ 

1897  __ 

1898  _ 

1899  

1900  

1901  ._ 

1902  _ 

1903  _  _  _ 

582  268 

1904  _  _ 

658  956 

1905  __._  _ 

878,647 

1906  .   _ 

925  887 

1907  

1,162,417 

1908 

676  507 

1909  

997,745 

1910  -   - 

1  058  891 

1911  __ 

843  778 

1912  _   _  _ 

1,034,688 

1913  

803,002 

1914  _____ 

896,376 

Totals  ___   __ 

$16,189,381 

Manganese. 

Reference :  State  Mineralogist  Reports  XII,  XIII.  Bulletins  38,  67. 
Manganese  is  reported  to  exist  in  many  localities  in  the  State;  but 
past  production,  particularly  since  the  discontinuance  of  the  chlorina- 
tion  process  in  the  metallurgy  of  gold,  has  been  relatively  unimportant. 
During  1914  there  was  reported  a  production  of  150  tons,  valued  at 
$1,500.  Manganese  is  used  in  the  steel  industry;  in  the  manufacture 
of  paint,  glass,  pottery ;  in  the  chemical  laboratory,  etc.  Local  demand 
is  very  small.  The  advent  of  electricity  in  the  metallurgy  of  iron 
promises  to  enlarge  the  field  for  the  use  of  the  manganese  deposits  of 
California,  and  another  year  should  show  a  marked  increase  in  the 
output  of  this  substance,  particularly  in  Mendocino  and  Alameda 
counties. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


69 


The  production  of  manganese  ore  in  California  annually  since  1887 
lows : 


1 

Tons 

Value 

m 

1887  _ 

1,000 

1,500 

53 

386 

705 

300 

270 

523 

880 

518 

504 

440 

295 

131 

425 

870 

1 

60 

$9,000 

1888  

13,500 

1889  —   -_  -       _ 

901 

1890  --   

3176 

1891  

3  830 

1892  

3,000 

1893  _  _ 

4,050 

1894  

5,512 

1895  __._ 

8,200 

1896 

3,415 

1897 -  _ 

4,080 

1898 _   __ 

2,102 

1899  

3,165 

1900  

1,310 

1901  

4,405 

1902 

7,140 

1903  _ 

25 

1904  

900 

1905 

1906  _... 

1907  ... 

1908  ... 

1909  ... 

1910  ... 

1911  .... 

1912  ... 

1913  ... 

1914  ... 


321 
3 

265 

2 

22 


30 

25 
5,785 

75 
4,235 

40 
400 


150 


Totals 


9,626 


1,500 


$89,801 


Mica. 


Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  II.     Bulletin  38. 
No  production  of  mica  has  recently  been  reported.     Production  in 
previous  years  is  as  follows : 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1902  

50 
50 
50 

$2,500 

1903  , 

3,800 

1904  .                              ^   _   _   

3,000 

Totals  

150 

$9,300 

Lithia  mica,  utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  artificial  mineral  water, 
fireworks,  etc.,  was  mined  and  sold  in  San  Diego  County  during  the 
years  1899-1905  inclusive,  but  there  has  been  no  commercial  production 
since  the  latter  date. 


70  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Lithia  mica  total  production  in  the  State  is  as  follows 


Tons 


"Value 


1900  

1901   

1902  

1903  

1904  

1905 

TotaLs 


124 

$4,600 

440 

n,ooo 

1,100 

27,500 

822 

31,880 

700 

27,300 

641 

25,000 

25 

276 

3,852 

$127,556 

Mineral   Paint. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  XII,  XIII.     Bulletin  38. 
Mineral  paint  was  produced  in  California  in  1914,  from  two  counties, 
as  follows: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

San  Bernardino    

80 
52 

$561 

Stanislaus 

2S() 

Totals 

132 

$K17 

Deposits  of  more  or  less  importance  are  located  in  Calavera.s,  Kern, 
Lake,  Los  Angeles,  Kings,  Nevada,  Riverside,  Sonoma,  and  Stanislaus 
counties. 


r>  i 


l..^.,„.„„. 

I^ne  year  1890.     Production,  showing  annual  amount  and  value,  to  date 
since  that  time  is  given  herewith : 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


71 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1890  

40 
22 
25 
590 
610 
750 
395 
578 
653 
1,704 
529 
325 
589 
2,370 
270 
754 
250 
250 
335 
305 
200 
186 
300 
303 
132 

$480 

1891      -  --  --  -   --  -- 

880 

1892    .    

750 

1893 

26,795 

1894  

14,140 

1895  . 

8,425 

1896  

5.540 

1897  

1898  __.-.--_     -.___-__           

8,165 
9,698 

1899 _-.  __..   ._   ___ 

20,294 

1900  

3,993 

1901  

875 

1902 

1,533 

1903  

leoi           _    _         .  . 

3,720 
1,985 

1905  

4,025 

1906  

1,720 

1907 

1,720 

1908                                    -  - 

2,250 

1909                        _   _   

2,325 

1910    .    __   _.  __ 

2,040 

1911  

1,184 

1912  

1,800 

1913 

1,780 

I'M!                            _    

847 

Totals    _ _—  - 

12,465 

$126,964 

Mineral    Water. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  VI,  XII,  XIII.  U.  S.  G.  S., 
Water  Supply,  Paper  338. 
A  widespread  production  of  mineral  water  is  show^n  by  the  following 
table  for  1914.  These  figures  refer  to  mineral  water  actually  bottled 
and  sold.  Water  from  some  of  the  springs  having  a  decided  medicinal 
value  brings  a  price  many  times  higher  than  the  average  shown,  while 
in  some  cases  the  water  is  used  merely  for  drinking  purposes  and  sells 
for  a  nominal  figure. 


72 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


County 

Gallons 

Value 

Butte    

1,200 

15,508 

92,000 

364,288 

254,150 

331,151 

60,000 

26,000 

142,940 

100,000 

700 

44,200 

8,865 

1,000 

160,400 

29,000 

30,000 

650,000 

43,020 

89,015 

100 

35 

$300 

6,517 

24,951 

3,643 

47,267 

8,025 

9,000 

7,900 

78,280 

2,000 

280 

5,100 

911 

Calaveras    

Colusa 

Contra  Costa  

Lake   

Los  Angeles 

Marin 

Monterey 

Napa   

Riverside  ___      _  _ 

San  Benito 

San  Bernardino 

San  Diego     _    _ 

San  Luis  Obispo __       __ 

250 

Santa  Barbara    _    

152  432 

Santa  Clara    __ 

10,750 
6,850 

65,000 
5,208 

46,160 
100 

Shasta _ 

Siskiyou  _        

Solano  

Sonoma 

Tehama     _. _______ 

Trinity    _ 

"^45 

Totals    _ 

2,443,572 

$476,169 

Amount  and  value  of  mineral  water  produced  in  California  since 
1887  are  given  herewith: 


Year 

Gallons 

Value 

1887 

618,162 

1,112,202 

808,625 

258,722 

334,553 

331,875 

383,179 

402,275 

701,397 

808,843 

1,508,192 

1,429,809 

1,338,537 

2,456,115 

1,555,328 

1,701,142 

2,056,340 

2,430,320 

2,194,150 

1,585,690 

2,924,269 

2,789,715 

2,449,834 

2,335,259 

2,637,669 

2,497,794 

2,350,792 

2,443,572 

$i44,a(;8 

252,990 

1888  

1889 _ 

252  241 

1890  ._      _ 

89  786 

1891   

139  959 

1892  

162,019 

1893 _ 

90,667 

1894  

184,481 

1895  

291,500 

1896  _.  -_- 

337  434 

1897  _._          .      _ 

345,863 

1898 ._          _  _      _ 

213,817 

1899 _._ 

406,691 

1900  _ 

268.607 

1901   __ 

559,057 

1902  ._ 

612,477 

1903 _._ 

558,201 

1904 

496,946 

1905 

538,700 

1906 _ _  -    — 

478,186 

1907  ___ 

544,016 

1908  

560,507 

1909  _ ._ _ 

465,488 

1910 

522.009 

1911  

.590.654 

1912 

529,384 

1913 _ 

599,748 

1914 

476,169 

Totals    _                                                                      

44,444,360 

$10,711,9()5 

I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


73 


Pumice. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII  (see  Tufa).  Bulle- 
tin 38. 
Pumice,  or  volcanic  ash,  is  of  common  occurrence  in  California, 
particularly  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  mountains;  and  almost  any  demand 
for  this  substance  in  any  form  or  quality  could  be  readily  met.  During 
1914  a  production  of  50  tons  is  reported,  from  Madera  County,  valued 
at  $1,000.  Probably  the  future  will  show  a  considerable  increase  in 
the  use  of  this  material  in  building  operations,  owing  to  its  extreme 
lightness. 

Pyrite. 

Eeference:  Bulletin  38. 
Pyrite  is  extensively  mined  in  several  places,  and  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  sulphuric  acid.     The  following  figures  show  the  production 
for  1914: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

Alameda 

9,829 
69,438 

$34,696 

Sluista     - 

195,362 

Totals     _  _    _- 

79,267 

230,058 

The  total  production  in  California  to  date  is  as  follows: 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1898  

6,000 

5,400 

3,642 

4,578 

17,525 

24,311 

15,043 

15,503 

46,689 

82,270 

107,081 

457,867 

42,621 

54,225 

69,872 

79,000 

79,267 

$30,000 

1899                                                                ,          -                    

28,620 

1900                                                      -  _          _      -  _ 

21,133 

1901                 _             .      _      

18,429 

1902             _                _             

60,306 

1903 _      

94,000 

1904  

62,992 

1905  

63,958 

1906                                                                              _  -          

145,895 

1907                                                              __    __    __    

251,774 

1908  _.        _          _  _             _          _..    

610,335 

1909 ._      ,    

1,389,802 

1910  

179,862 

1911                                                                _      _          

182,954 

1912     _                                             _    _.    

203,470 

1913     .                                _        

218,537 

1914  

230,058 

Totals 


1,110,894        $3,792,125 


This  does  not  include  the  vast  quantities  of  pyrite  which  are  other- 
wise treated  for  their  valuable  metal  contents. 


74 

Quartz. 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Reference:  Bulletin  67. 
Quartz  production  in  California  during  1914  was  as  follows 


• 

County 

Tons 

Value 

Amador 

1.2.50 
1,250 

$2,400 

9  400 

Tulare    

Totals    

2,500 

$4,800 

Sand,   Glass. 


Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  IX. 
38. 


(See  Glass.)     Bulletin 


Practically  all  the  glass  sand  produced  in  California  occurs  as  such 
and  needs  no  grinding.  There  are  various  deposits  of  quartz  which 
could  be  utilized  for  glass  making,  but  to  date  there  is  no  commercial 
production  of  this  class  of  material. 

Glass  sand  has  been  produced  in  the  following  counties  of  the  State: 
Alameda,  Amador,  El  Dorado,  Los  Angeles,  Monterey,  Orange,  Placer. 
Riverside,  San  Joaquin,  and  Tulare.  The  chief  producing  centers  hnvc 
been  Monterey  and  Los  Angeles  counties,  the  outstanding  feature  for 
1914  being  the  entrance  of  Amador  to  the  list.  The  industry  is  of 
little  importance,  so  far,  because  of  the  fact  that  the  available  deposits 
are  not  of  a  grade  which  will  produce  first-class  glass.  ]\Iany  high- 
grade  deposits  are  known,  but  almost  without  exception  transportation 
facilities  are  so  poor  that  the  owners  are  unable  to  compete  with  the 
foreign  sand  which  is  brought  in  as  ballast  and  sold  at  a  low  price. 

Production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

Amador  

16,688 

9.210 

140 

$9.8r>r) 

Monterey   _            __      .                              __    _  _ 

7,&33 

San  Bernardino 

400 

Totals 

26,038 

$17,888 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION.  75 

Total  glass  sand  production  in  California  since  the  inception  of  the 
idustry  in  1899,  is  shown  below. 


Tear 

Tons 

Value 

,; 

2.000 

2,000 

4,500 

4,500 

7,725 

10,004 

9,257 

9,750 

11,065 

9,255 

12,259 

9,124 

8,620 

13,075 

14,578 

26.038 

$2,000 

l^HIU                   --                 -   - 

2,000 

1901                      _     

15,750 

1902   

1S03                                  -                  --        

12,225 
7,725 

1904                      __    

12,276 

1905 

8,121 

1906                             -          -                           -               - 

13,375 

1907                                          --    

8,178 

1908                                   --      

22,045 

1909                                                    —           

25,517 

1910                                                             —      

8,165 

1911                                              __        .__     

8,672 

1912                                       -_                            -_ 

15,404 

1913                                          -_          _        _ 

14,143 

1914                                                 —      - 

17,888 

Totals                   -                        - 

153,750 

$193,484 

Soapstone. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Report  XII.     Bulletins  38,  67. 

Soapstone — also  called  talc  or  steatite — occurs  widely  distributed 
throughout  California.  It  is  found  as  a  hydration  product  in  the  alter- 
ation of  magnesian  silicates,  and  is  often  associated  with  serpentine 
and  actinolite.  But  few  deposits  have  been  proven  of  especial  value  to 
date,  although  there  is  an  undoubted  future  for  this  branch  of  the  min- 
eral industry  in  the  State.  It  is  used  in  making  paper,  toilet  articles, 
soap,  lubricants,  tiling,  etc.,  and  for  such  is  ordinarily  ground  to  about 
200  mesh  before  marketing.  In  this  condition  it  brings  about  $15 
per  ton. 

The  production  of  soapstone  by  counties  during  1914  was  as  follows: 


County 

Tons 

Value 

Amador                                                            

610 

390 

$2,440 

Invo 

2,060 

Totals 

1,000 

$4,500 

76 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


Production  has  been  intermittent  in  the  State  since  1893,  as  shown 
in  the  following  table: 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

1893    

400 

25 

10 

14 

219 

228 

300 

$17,750 

1895   

375 

1901   

119 

1902 _—        

288 

1903   - 

10,124 

1904 

2,315 

1905  

3,000 

1906  

1907  __    __    ._ 

1908  

3 
33 

740 

48 

1909  

280 

1910        -     _--     -- 

7,260 

1911                      _       . 

1912                                                   -           -      

1,750 
1,350 

1,000 

7,350 

1913                                                   --             -               

6,150 

1914   

4,500 

Totals       -    

6,072 

$59,559 

Sulphur. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  IV,  XIII.  Bulletins  38,  67. 
There  is  no  commercial  output  of  native  sulphur  in  California 
although  this  mineral  has  been  found  to  some  extent  in  Colusa,  Im- 
perial, Inyo,  Kern,  Lake,  Mariposa,  San  Bernardino,  Sonoma,  Tehama, 
and  Ventura  counties.  Production  of  sulphur  is  very  improbable,  in 
the  immediate  future,  although  possibilities  of  such  a  condition  remain 
to  be  proven. 


I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


77 


CHAPTER  SIX. 

SALINES. 

Borax,  salt,  soda,  nitrates  and  potash  are  included  under  this  head- 
ing. Borax  and  salt  have  been  produced  in  California  since  the  sixties, 
although  no  official  records  of  output  were  kept  by  this  Bureau  pre- 
vious to  1887.  Soda  has  had  a  virtually  continuous  production  since 
1894.  The  nitrates  and  potash  have  never  been  commercially  pro- 
duced in  the  State,  although  the  future  possibilities  along  these  lines 
are  indeed  great. 

The  desert  portions  of  California,  located  largely  in  Inyo,  Kern, 
Riverside,  Imperial,  and  San  Bernardino  counties,  are  rich  in  the 
possession  of  salines  of  all  descriptions.  Ancient  lake  beds  of  vast 
extent  are  found  there,  many  of  which  have  never  yet  been  exploited 
to  any  extent. 

The  following  tabulation  shows  amount  and  value  of  the  saline 
minerals  produced  in  California  during  the  years  1913  and  1914,  with 
increase  or  decrease  in  value  for  1914  as  compared  with  the  previous 
year: 


1913 

1914 

Increase 

Substance 

Tons 

Value 

Tons 

Value 

decrease, 
value 

Borax 

58,051 

$1,491,530 

62,500 

10 

223,806 

6.522 

$1,483,500 

460 

583,553 

•    115,396 

$8,030— 

Potash 

460+ 

Salt 

204,407 
1,861 

462,681 
24,936 

120,870+ 

Soda    

90,460+ 

Totals 

2m,319 

$1,979,147 

292,838 

$2,182,909 

$203,760+ 

Borax. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  III,  X,  XII,  XIII.  Bul- 
letin 24. 

Borax  was  first  discovered  in  California  in  the  waters  of  Tuscan 
Springs  in  Tehama  County,  January  8,  1856.  Borax  Lake,  in  Lake 
County,  was  discovered  in  September  of  the  same  year,  by  Dr.  John 
A.  Veatch.  This  deposit  was  worked  in  1864-65-66,  and  during  that 
time  produced  1,181,365  pounds  of  borax.  Not  till  1873  were  the  borax 
deposits  of  Inyo  and  San  Bernardino  counties  discovered. 

Aside  from  the  above  mentioned  localities  borax  is  known  in  Kern, 
Los  Angeles,  Imperial,  Solano,  and  Ventura  counties. 

California  is  the  only  state  in  America  producing  borax.  During 
1914  three  producers  reported  an  output  of  62,500  tons,  valued  at 
$1,483,500. 


78 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


Value  of  the  State's  borax  output  since  1887  is  shown  in  the  follow- 
ing table: 


Tear 

Value 

Year 

Value    I 

1887            

$116,689 

196,636 

145,473 

480,152 

640,000 

838,787 

598,292 

807,807 

595,900 

675,400 

1,080,000 

1,153,000 

1,139,882 

1,013,251 

982,380 

1902 

$2  234  994 

1888                

1908 

661,400 

1889  

1904  

698,810 

1890  

1905  

1,019,158 

1891  -   - 

1906  

1,182,410 

1892         

1907  

1908 

1,200,913 

1893              

1,117,000 

1894                

1909 

l,ia3,960 

1895  

1910  

1,177,960 

1896  

1911  

1,456,672 

1897  —   

1912  

1,122,713 

1898     -  -   

1913 

1,491,530 

1899            

1914   

1,483,500 

1900 

Total  

1901 

$26,469,669 

Nitrates. 

Nitrates  of  sodium,  potassium  and  calcium  have  been  found  in  vari- 
ous places  in  the  desert  regions  of  the  State  but  no  deposit  of  com- 
mercial value  has  been  located  as  yet.  Interest  in  this  class  of  mineral 
substance  is  increasing  and  closer  search  may  be  rewarded  by  valuable 
discoveries. 

Potash. 

Potash  has  not  previously  been  commercially  produced  in  California 
and  only  during  the  past  few  years  has  this  substance  created  general 
interest  in  the  State.  Considerable  money  has  been  spent  recently  in 
preliminary  work  w^ith  a  view  toward  developing  what  are  claimed  to 
be  immense  deposits  of  potash  which  lie  in  the  old  lake  beds  of  the  des- 
ert portions  of  California.  The  imports  of  this  material  from  foreign 
countries  have  an  annual  value  of  many  millions  of  dollars,  and  n 
domestic  production  would  be  of  great  value. 

During  1914  one  producer  reported  10  tons  reduced  from  kelp,  and 
valued  at  $460. 

Salt. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  II,  XII,  XIII.  Bulletin  24. 
Most  of  the  salt  produced  in  California  is  obtained  by  evaporating 
the  waters  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  plants  being  located  on  the  shores  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  at  Long  Beach,  and  at  San  Diego.  Additional 
amounts  are  derived  from  lakes  and  lake  beds  in  the  desert  regions  of 
the  State.  The  salt  production  of  San  Bernardino  County  is  derived 
from  deposits  of  rock  salt  which  are  worked  by  means  of  quarry inir 
with  a  steam  shovel.  A  small  amount  of  valuable  medicinal  salts  wa*s 
produced  during  the  year  in  Mono  and  Tehama  counties,  by  evapora- 
tion from  mineral  springs. 


1 


STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 

Hstribution  by  counties  is  ^iven  lierewitli : 


79 


^B                                                   County 

Tons 

Value 

Hl^eda   

126,983 

13,500 

20,000 

20,000 

40 

*i 

482 

15,300 

27,500 

tl/11 

$292,641 

niyo    -- - _  _ __ _ 

54,000 

Kern    ._- 

50,000 

Los   Angeles __  _ 

60,000 

Modoc    - __  _ _ 

720 

Mono  - _    _    

150 

San  Bernardino        _  _    __ __ _  _           

2,892 

San  Diego _  __      __      __      _     _  __        

46,200 

San  Mateo  __  _  _- 

76,750 

Tehama  _  __      _.      _  _  _ 

200 

Totals     

223,806 

$583,553 

\rediclnal. 
Mineral. 


Amount  and  value  of  annual  production  of  salt  in  California  from 
1887  to  date  is  shown  in  the  following  tabulation: 


Tons 


1887  

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891    

ia92  

1893  

1894   

1895  

1896  

1897   

1898   

1899  

1900  

1901   

1902  

1903  

1901   

1905  

1906  

1907  

1908  

1909  

1910  

19U   

1912  

1913  

1914   

Totals 


28,000 

30,800 

21,000 

8,729 

20,094 

23,570 

50,500 

49,131 

53,031 

64,743 

67,851 

93,421 

82,654 

89,338 

126,218 

115,208 

102,895 

95,968 

77,118 

101,650 

88,063 

121,764 


$112,000 
92,400 
63,000 
57,085 
90,303 
104,788 
213,000 
140,087 
150,576 
153,244 
157,520 
170,855 
149,588 
204,754 
366,376 
205,876 
211,365 
187,300 
141,925 
213,228 
310,967 
281,469 


155,680 

414,708 

174,920 

395,417 

173,332 

324,255 

185,721 

383,370 

204,407 

462,681 

223.806 

583,553 

2,629,612 

$6,341,690 

80 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Soda. 

Reference:  State  Mineralogist  Reports  XII,  XIII.     Bulletin  24. 

Soda  and  soda  ash  were  produced  during  1914,  amounting  to  6,522 
tons,  valued  at  $115,396. 

The  total  output,  showing  amount  and  value,  of  this  product  since 
the  inception  of  this  branch  of  the  mineral  industry  in  California  is 
given  in  the  table  which  follows: 


18M 
1895 
1896 
1897 


190O 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 


Tons 


j 

1,530  i 

$20,000 

1,900  i 

47,500 

3,000  ! 

a5,000 

5,000 

110,000 

7,000  i 

151,000 

10,000 

250,000 

1,000 

50,000 

8,000 

400,000 

7,000  \ 

50,000 

18,000  : 

27,000 

12,000  1 

18,000 

15,000 

22,500 

12,000 

18,000 

1905  __ 

15,000 
12,000 

22  500 

1906  

18,000 

1907  ____ 

1908  

9,600 
7,712 
8,125 
9,023 
7,200 
1,861 
6,522 

14,400 
11,593 

1909  

1910  _.  _ 

11,862 

1911  _  __ 

52,887 
37  094 

1912  __  _ 

1913  

24  936 

1914  

115  396 

Totals 

151,473 

$1,500,168 

STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL  PRODUCTION. 


81 


CHAPTER  SEVEN. 


MINERAL    PRODUCTION   OF   CALIFORNIA    BY 

COUNTIES. 

Introductory. 

The  State  of  California  includes  an  area  of  155,652  square  miles  and 
is  divided  into  fifty-eight  counties.  Some  mineral  of  commercial  value 
exists  in  every  county,  and  during  1914  active  production  was  re- 
ported to  the  State  Mining  Bureau  from  fifty-six  counties  of  the  fifty- 
eight.  In  the  mountainous  portions  of  the  State  are  found  the  vein 
forming  minerals,  largely.  In  the  vast  desert  regions  of  southeastern 
California  ancient  lake  beds  afford  an  unlimited  supply  of  saline 
deposits.  Underlying  the  interior  valleys  of  the  central  and  southern 
portion  of  the  State  are  the  largest  pools  of  crude  oil  in  the  world. 
Building  stones  and  mineral  earths  of  all  descriptions  are  widely  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  State. 

The  counties,  with  their  mineral  resources,  production  for  1914,  etc., 
will  be  considered  in  detail  in  this  chapter.* 

Value  of   California    Mineral   Production,   by   County,  for   1914,  Arranged   in   the  Order 

of  Their   Importance. 


Kern   $28,047,957 

Orange    8,831,763 

Fresno 7,484,231 

Shasta 5,044,930 

Los  Angeles 4,665,504 

Nevada   3,329,179 

Amador    3,230,075 

Yuba 2,820,895 

Santa  Barbara  2,686,309 

Sacramento  2,632,658 

Inyo   2,091,362 

Calaveras  2,068,343 

Butte  1,755,315 

Solano 1,683,866 

Santa  Cruz 1,642,958 

San  Bernardino  1,614,606 

Riverside 1,579,586 

Contra  Costa  1,149,321 

Placer  1,099,743 

Tuolumne   1,059,118 

Ventura   1,000,729 

Napa 971.748 

Alameda 870,427 

Trinity  753,745 

Sierra .—  733,000 

Marin    554,137 

San  Benito 436,259 

Siskiyou 384,752 

Sonoma 326,144 

San  Diego 315,267 

Santa  Clara  


32.  San  Mateo  $246,478 

33.  Imperial 239,140 

34.  Humboldt  233,574 

35.  Madera  203,517 

36.  Mariposa  187,870 

37.  Plumas  164,800 

38.  Tulare  161,252 

39.  El  Dorado 150,086 

40.  San  Joaquin 129,930 

41.  San  Francisco  119,889 

42.  Monterey 113,831 

43.  Merced    ^112,500 

44.  Lake  63,503 

45.  San  Luis  Obispo 63,465 

46.  Colusa 32,251 

47.  Glenn  30.553 

48.  Mono 17,150 

49.  Stanislaus ^5,882 

50.  Del  Norte 5,270 

51.  Lassen 4,324 

52.  Modoc   1,730 

53.  Kings  740 

54.  Yolo   736 

55.  Mendocino    560 

56.  Tehama 300 

57.  Alpine  0 

58.  Sutter   0 

Asbestos    n.530 

Platinum "14,800 

Total    $93,436,553 


^Includes  gold  and  silver  production  of  Stanislaus. 
2See  Merced. 

'Asbestos  from  Alameda,   Calaveras,  El  Dorado,  Placer,  Shasta.     Amounts  not  separable. 
*Platlnum  from   Butte,   Del  Norte,   Sacramento,   Siskiyou,   Yuba.     Amounts  not  separable.     See  also  p. 
*See  also  supplement  to  Chapter  Three — Metals,  pp.  33,  34, 
-18655 


82 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Alameda. 

Alameda  County,  while  in  no  sense  one  of  the  ' '  mining  counties ' '  of 
the  State,   comes  twenty-third   on   the   list,   with   a  value  of   mineralB 


products  for  1914  of  $870,427,  an  increase  over  the  1913  total,  which' 
was  $844,217.     The  principal  mineral  resources  of  this  county  consist 
of  asbestos,  brick,   clu'oinite,   clay,   coal,   lime,   magnesite,   manganese, 
pyrite,  salt,  soapstone,  and  the  stone  industry. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

A^icu  It 

Value 

Brick 

22.668  M 
5,000  tons 
50  tons 
150  tons 

SI  59  '^05 

Clay    

1,000 
250 

Limestone  __. 

Magnesite    „  _        _.    _. _.  _ 

1,500 
381.185 

Miscellaneous  stone -  _  __.  __  _  ___    .    _ 

Pyrite .  _ _   ._      . 

9,829  tons 
126,983  tons 

34.696 

Salt 

29->r>}1 

Total        

$87U.  l'J7 

Alpine. 

Alpine  has  usually  shown  a  small  production  of  gold  and  silver. 
but  dropped  out  of  the  list  of  producing  counties  for  1914. 

This  county  lies  just  south  of  Lake  Tahoe,  in  the  high  Sierra  Nevada 
range  of  mountains.     Its  area  is  776  square  miles,  containing  a  popu- 
lation of  but  309  persons.     Transportation  is  by  wagon  or  mule  back,   ^, 
and  facilities  in  general  are  lacking  to  promote  development  work  of  I 
any  kind. 

The  mineral  resources  of  this  section  are  varied  and  the  country  has 
not  yet  been  thoroughly  prospected.  Barium,  copper,  gold,  gypsum,^ 
lead,  limestone,  pyrite,  rose  quartz,  silver,  tourmaline,  and  zinc  have; 
been  found  here  to  some  extent.  ; 


Amador. 

Area:  601  square  miles. 
Population:  9,086  (1910  census). 

The  value  of  Amador  County's  mineral  production  increased  from 
$3,013,180  in  1913  to  $3,230,075  in  1914,  thus  taking  seventh  place  on 
the  list  of  counties  in  the  State  as  regards  total  value  of  mineral 
substances  marketed. 

Although  having  an  output  consisting  of  twelve  different  minerals, 
the  leading  product,  gold,  makes  up  nearly  98  per  cent  of  the  enliiv 
total.     Amador  is  second  in  the  State  in  gold  production. 

The  mineral  resources  of  this  county  are,  in  the  main,  as  follo\vs: 
Asbestos,  brick,  chromite,  clay,  coal,  copper,  gold,  lime,  quartz  crystals. 
sand-glass,  sandstone,  silver,  soapstone,  and  stone  industry. 


i 


STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


83 


Brick  . 
Clay  - 
Coal  — 
Copper 
Gold  _- 


Load 

Lime    

Quartz   

Sand,  glass 
Sandstone   . 

Silver   

Soapstone   . 

Total    _. 


2,500  M 
32,223  tons 
5,700  tons 
5,251  lbs. 


44  lbs. 

1,540  bbls. 

1,250  tons 

16,688  tons 

a960  cu.  ft. 


610  tons 


$50,000 

33,114 

10,06^ 

694 

3,100,000 

2 

2,008 

2,400 

9,855 

1,500 

18,000 

2,440 


$3,230,075 


Butte. 

Area:  1,722  square  miles. 

Population:  27,301   (1910  census). 

Location:  North  central  portion  of  State. 
Butte,  thirteenth  county  in  California  in  regard  to  the  value  of  its 
mineral  output,  reported  a  commercial  production  of  six  mineral 
substances  having  a  total  value  of  $1,755,315,  as  compared  with 
$2,533,940  for  1913.  As  will  be  noted  in  the  following  tabulation, 
gold  is  by  far  the  most  important  item.  Butte  stands  fifth  among  the 
gold-producing  counties  of  the  State.  Among  the  principal  mineral 
resources  of  this  section  are  asbestos,  barytes,  chromite,  gems,  gold, 
limestone,  marble,  mineral  water,  platinum  minerals,  silver,  and  stone 
industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


Gems                                              _    _ 

$100 

Gold --    _    -                

1,700,000 

Lead       _    __    __ _.  - 

513  lbs. 
1,200  gals. 

20 

Mineral  water                                                 _      _    

300 

Miscellaneous  stone                        _         - 

50.895 

Silver                                 _  -      

4,000 

Total 

$1,755,315 

84 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Calaveras. 

Area:  1,027  square  miles. 

Population:  9,171. 

Location:  East  central  portion  of  State — Mother  Lode  district. 

Calaveras  County  reported  production  of  seven  different  minerals, 
valued  at  $2,068,343  during  the  year  1914,  as  compared  with  the  lOLS 
output  worth  $2,042,901.  Gold,  copper  and  silver  are  the  chief  mineral 
substances  produced.  In  regard  to  total  value  of  mineral  output  Cala- 
veras stands  twelfth  among  the  counties  of  the  State;  it  is  sixth  in 
gold,  second  in  copper,  and  third  in  silver. 

The  principal  mineral  resources  developed  and  undeveloped  are: 
Asbestos,  barytes,  chromite,  clay,  copper,  fuller's  earth,  gold,  graphite, 
limestone,  magnesite,  marble,  mineral  paint,  mineral  water,  platinum 
minerals,  pyrite,  quartz  crystals,  silver,  soapstone,  and  the  stone  in- 
dustry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Chromite 

650  tons 
280  tons 
4,468,998  lbs. 
290  tons 

$4,550 

Clay _-    

280 

Copper      

594,377 

Fuller's  earth 

2,618 

Gold 

1,400,000 

Lead   

30  lbs. 
15,508  gals. 

1 

Mineral  water                                                  _  _ 

6,517 

Silver     -      _ 

60,000 

Total 

$2,068,343 

Cofusa. 

Area:  1,140  square  miles. 

Population:  7,732  (1910  census). 

Location:  Sacramento  Valley. 
Colusa  County  lies  largely  in  the  basin  of  the  Sacramento  Vallcx . 
Its  western  border,  however,  rises  into  the  foothills  of  the  Coast  Ii.uiliv 
of  mountains,  and  its  mineral  resources — to  a  great  extent  undeveloped 
— include  coal,  chromite,  copper,  gypsum,  manganese,  mineral  water, 
pyrite,  quicksilver,  sandstone,  stone  industry,  sulphur,  and  in  souk 
places  traces  of  gold  and  silver. 

The  value  of  the  1914  production  was  $32,251,  a  decrease  from  the 
1913  figures  of  $48,481,  giving  it  forty-sixth  place. 


1 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


85 


W^K-                                         Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Mineral  water 

92,000  gals. 
16,000  cu.  ft. 

$24,951 

Sandstone 

7,300 

Total 

$32,251 

Contra   Costa. 

Contra  Costa,  like  Alameda  County,  lies  off  the  eastern  shores  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  and  is  not  commonly  considered  among  the  mineral- 
producing  counties  of  the  State.  It  stands  eighteenth  on  the  list  in 
this  respect,  however,  with  an  output  valued  at  $1,149,321  for  the 
calendar  year  1914.  Various  structural  materials  make  up  the  chief 
items.  Among  the  others  are  brick,  clay,  coal,  gypsum,  limestone, 
manganese,  mineral  water,  soapstone,  and  stone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick 

16,064  M 

67  tons 

5,666  tons 

32,657  tons 

364,288  gals. 

$129,543 

Coal 

268 

Lime     ^  _  - _  _ 

4,724 

Limestone       __  _    __         

43,661 

Mineral  water  _.  _    _•_  _  _ 

3,643 

Miscellaneous  stone        _  _  _      _                _      _ 

308,727 

Other  minerals         _. 

658,755 

Total  _.    _      __      _         

$1,149,321 

>el  Norte. 

Area:  1,024  square  miles. 

Population:  2,417   (1910  census). 

Location:  Extreme  northwest  corner  of  State. 

Transportation:  Wagon  and  mule  back. 
Del  Norte  rivals  Alpine  County  in  regard  to  inaccessibility.  Like 
the  latter  county  also,  given  transportation  and  kindred  facilities,  this 
portion  of  the  State  presents  a  wide  field  for  development  along 
mining  lines  especially.  Its  chief  mineral  resources,  largely  untouched, 
are  chromite,  copper,  gems,  gold,  graphite,  iron,  platinum  minerals, 
silver  and  stone  industry. 


I 


86 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Commercial  production  for  1914,  giving  it  fiftieth  place,  was  as  fol- 
lows : 


SubsUnce 

Valu« 

Gold   

$2,000 

Miscellaneous  stone 

3,250 

Silver                                                                                                         -  - 

20 

Total                                                                             

$5,270 

El    Dorado. 

Area:  1,753  square  miles. 
Population:  7,492  (1910  census). 

Location:  East  central  portion  of  the  State  northernmost  of  the 
Mother  Lode  counties. 

El  Dorado  County,  which  marks  the  spot  where  gold  was  first  dis- 
covered in  California,  comes  thirty-ninth  on  the  list  of  counties  ranked 
according  to  the  value  of  their  total  mineral  production  during  the  year 
1914.  The  principal  mineral  resources  of  this  section,  many  of  thera 
undeveloped,  are:  Asbestos,  barytes,  chromite,  clay,  copper,  gems,  gold, 
iron,  molybdenum,  limestone,  quartz  crystals,  quicksilver,  sand-glass,; 
slate,  soapstone,  silver,  and  stone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows:  - 


Substance 

Amou  it. 

Value        h 

Gold    

$135,000: 

Lead   

90  lbs. 
14,000  bbls. 

4 

Lime _- 

12.082 

Miscellaneous  stone 

2.G00 

Silver 

400 

Total     --                  -    --    

$150,085 

! 

Fresno. 

Area:  5,950  square  miles. 

Population:  75,657   (1910  census). 

Location:  South  central  portion  of  State. 
Fresno  County,  third  in  importance  as  a  mineral  producer  among  th<| 
counties  of  California,  reported  an  output  for  1914  of  seven  minerat 
substances  with  a  total  value  of  $7,484,231,  a  decrease  from  the  reported 
1913  production,  which  was  worth  $8,438,810.  The  great  bulk  of  tht 
above  value  is  derived  froni  the  petroleum  production  of  the  Coalini 
field. 

The  mineral  resources  of  this  county  are  many,  and,  aside  fro" 
crude  oil,  are  far  from  being  fully  developer! .     They  include  asbestos| 


STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


87 


l)aryt(s.  Iniek,  ehromite,  copper,  gems,  gold,  graphite,  gypsum,  iron, 
!ii;i«rn('site.  natural  gas,  petroleum,  quicksilver,  silver,  and  stone  in- 
dustry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick                       

4,£00M 

$3,600 

Gold -    -. 

10,000 

Miscellaneous  stone  __    ______ 

237,963 

Natural  gas  _  _.  _    __ 



250,000  M  cu.  ft. 
15,952,190  bbls. 
148  flasks 

15,000 

Petroleum   

Quicksilver 

7,210,389 
7,259 

Silver 

20 

Total      —      -    

$7,484,231 

Glenn. 

Glenn  County,  standing  forty-seventh,  owes  its  position  among  the 
mineral-producing  counties  of  the  State  to  the  presence  of  large  de- 
posits of  sand  and  gravel  which  are  annually  worked,  the  product 
being  used  for  railroad  ballast,  etc.  In  the  foothills  in  the  western 
portion  of  the  county  traces  of  ehromite,  copper,  manganese,  sandstone, 
and  soapstone  have  been  found. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


t 


Substance 


Value 


Miscellaneous  stone 


$30,553 


Humboldt. 

Ana:  3,634  square  miles. 
Population:  33,857   (1910  census). 

L  Location:  Northwestern  portion  of  State,  bordering  on  Pacific 
Ocean, 
umboldt  County  is  almost  entirely  mountainous,  transportation 
within  its  limits  being  very  largely  by  wagon  road  and  trail,  and  until 
recently  was  reached  from  the  outside  world  by  steamer  only.  The 
county  is  rich  in  mineral  resources,  chief  among  which  are  brick, 
ehromite,  coal,  clay,  copper,  gold,  graphite,  iron,  mineral  water,  natural 
gas,  petroleum,  platinum,  silver,  and  stone  industry. 

Five  mineral  substances,  as  shown  by  the  table  given  below,  having 
a  total  value  of  $233,574,  were  produced  in  1914,  as  compared  with  the 
1913  output,  worth  $471,052.  Humboldt  ranks  thirty-fourth  among 
the  counties  of  the  State  for  the  year. 


88  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick - 

m  M 

$6,120 

Gold 

19,000 

Miscellaneous  stone 

208,204 

Natural  gas                           -  - 

150 

Silver  _  _    

100 

Total                                         •             

$233,574 

Imperial. 

Area:  4,089  square  miles. 

Population:  30,000  (estimated  by  board  of  supervisors). 

Location:  Extreme  southeast  corner  of  the  State. 
During  1914  Imperial  County  produced  four  mineral  substances 
having  a  total  value  of  $239,140,  as  compared  with  the  1913  output, 
worth  $95,054.  Its  rank  is  thirty- third,  and  the  substantial  increase 
is  due  to  gold,  resulting  from  the  reopening  of  mines  at  Ogilby.  This 
county  contains  large  undeveloped  deposits  of  gold,  gypsum,  lead,  i 
marble,  salt,  and  silver. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value       il 

Brick 

4,900  M 
13,081  lbs. 

$29,400 
1,740 

200,0(X) 
8,000 

Copper 

Gold 

Silver 

Total                -         _         - 

$239,140 

Inyo. 

Area:  10,019  square  miles. 

Population:  6,974  (1910  census). 

Location:  Lies  on  eastern  border  of  State,  north  of  San  Bernardino 
County. 
Inyo,  the  second  largest  county  in  the  State  and  containing  less  than 
one  inhabitant  per  square  mile,  is  extremely  interesting  from  a  minornl- 
ogical  point  of  view.  It  is  noted  because  of  the  fact  that  witliin  ils 
borders  are  located  both  the  highest  point.  Mount  Whitney  (elevation 
14,502  feet),  and  the  lowest  point,  Death  Valley  (elevation  290  feet 
below  sea  level),  in  the  United  States.  In  the  higher  mountainous 
sections  are  found  many  vein-forming  minerals,  and  in  the  ancicMit 
lake  beds  of  Death  Valley  saline  deposits  of  nil  kinds  exist. 


I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL  PRODUCTION. 


89 


Inyo's  mineral  production  during  the  year  1914  reached  a  value  of 
^2,091,362,  the  county  standing  eleventh  among  the  counties  of  the 
State  in  this  respect.  Its  mineral  resources  include  antimony,  as- 
bestos, barytes,  bismuth,  borax,  copper,  gems,  gold,  gypsum,  lead, 
iiiagnesite,  marble,  molybdenum,  mineral  water,  nitre,  platinum,  quick- 
silver, salt,  silver,  soapstone,  soda,  sulphur,  tungsten,  and  zinc. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Borax  

49,2^  tons 
336,423  lbs. 

$1,133,831 

Copper       _  -  - 

44,744 

Gold 

275,000 

Lead _    

4,026,934  lbs. 
3,500  cu.  ft. 
13,500  tons 

180,450 

Marble _ 

10,500 

Salt   _ 

54,000 

Silver  __      ___      __      

255,000 

Soapstone __           

390  tons 
399,641  lbs. 

2,060 

Zinc 

20,381 
115,396 

Other  minerals _        _ 

Total _  _ 

$2  091,362 

i 

Kern. 

Area:  8,003  square  miles. 

Population:  55,000  (estimated  by  board  of  supervisors). 

Location:  South  central  portion  of  State. 
Kern  County,  because  of  its  immense  productive  oil  fields,  stands 
pre-eminent  among  all  counties  of  California  in  the  value  of  its  mineral 
output,  the  exact  figures  for  1914  being  $28,047,957.  This  is  larger 
by  more  than  nineteen  million  dollars  than  the  succeeding  county  on 
the  list.  This  figure  also  exceeds  the  value  of  the  total  gold  output  of 
the  entire  State  by  approximately  $7,000,000.  The  1913  mineral  out- 
l)ut  for  the  county  was  worth  $28,406,193. 

Among  the  mineral  resources,  developed  and  undeveloped,  of  this 
section  are:  Antimony,  asbestos,  asphalt,  barytes,  borax,  brick,  clay, 
copper,  fuller's  earth,  gems,  gold,  gypsum,  iron,  lead,  limestone,  mag- 
nesite,  marble,  mineral  paint,  natural  gas,  petroleum,  potash,  salt, 
silver,  soapstone,  soda,  sulphur,  and  tungsten. 


7—1865.5 


I 


90  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 


Brick      _            . 

3,834  M 

34G  tons 
7,394  lbs. 

$29,214 

Clay 

172 

Copper 

983 

Gold    _ 

600,000 

Gypsum     _      _      _      _ 

82  tons 

379  lbs. 

81,600  bbls. 

6,508,868  M  cu.  ft. 

65,332,633  bbls. 

20,000  tons 

320 

Lead    __-__         _                   -_ 

15 

Lime   _       _      _      _ 

65,100 

Natural  gas    _  _    _  - 

390,532 

Petroleum   

26,721,046 

Salt   

50,000 

Silver 

10,000 

Other  minerals  __ 

180,575 

Totals    

$28,047,957 

Kings. 

At^ea:  1,159  square  miles. 
Population:  16,230  (1910  census). 
Location:  South  central  portion  of  State. 
Little  development  has  taken  place  in  Kings  County  along  mineral 
lines  to  date.     Deposits  of  fuller's  earth,  gypsum,  mineral  paint,  nat- 
ural gas  and  quicksilver,  of  undetermined  extent,  have  been  found  in 
the  county. 

In  fifty-third  place,   commercial   production   for   1914   was  as   fol 
lows : 


I 

$160^ 

80 
500 


Substance 


Fuller's  earth 

Gypsum  

Natural  gas  _. 


Total 


20  tons 
20  tons 
150  M  cu.  ft. 


Lake. 

Area:  1,278  square  miles. 

Population:  5,526   (1910  census). 

Location:  About  fifty  miles  north  of  San  Francisco  Bay  and  tlie 
same  distance  inland  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
On  account  of  its  topography  and  natural  beauties,  Lake  County  is 
sometimes  referred  to  as  the  Switzerhuid  of  America.  The  mincijil 
resources  which  exist  here  are  many  and  varied,  actual  production 
being  comparatively  small,  as  shown  by  the  table  below.  Some  of  tin' 
leading  minerals  found  in  this  section  are  borax,  chromite,  clay,  gems. 
gypsum,  mineral  water,  quicksilver,  and  sulphur. 


I 


STATISTICS    OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


91 


In  forty-fourth  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  fol- 
lows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Mineral   water     _  - __    

254,150  gals. 
331  flasks 

$47,267 

Quicksilver  __      _ 

16,236 

Total 

$63,503 

Lassen. 

Area:  4,531  square  miles. 

Population:  7,000  (estimated  by  board  of  supervisors,  1913). 
Location:  Northeast  portion  of  State. 
Lassen  County  is  one  of  the  least  explored  sections  of  California. 
Within  the  past  couple  of  years  a  railroad  traversing  the  county  north 
;ind  south  has  been  put  in  operation,  thus  affording  opportunity  for 
development  along  mineral  and  other  lines. 

Among  the  mineral  resources  of  this  county  are  copper,  gems,  gyp- 
sum, gold,  silver,  and  sulphur. 

In  fifty-first  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

'  upper    

19,089  lbs. 

$2,539 

Gold    — 

1,000 

Miscellaneous   stone                         _                   _  _ 

775 

Silver     __.    __    

10 

Total    _ 

$4,324 

Los  Angeles. 

Area:  4,067  square  miles. 

Population:  800,000  (estimated  by  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1913). 

Mineral  production  in  Los  Angeles  County  for  the  year  1914 
amounted  in  value  to  $4,665,504,  as  compared  with  the  1913  output, 
worth  $5,833,298.  This  county  ranks  fifth  in  the  State  as  a  mineral 
producer. 

Its  output  of  brick  was  over  a  million  dollars,  and  that  of  petroleum 
amounted  nearly  to  two  million  dollars.  Among  its  leading  mineral 
resources  may  be  noted  asphalt,  barytes,  borax,  brick,  chromite,  clay, 
copper,  fuller's  earth,  gems,  gold,  gypsum,  infusorial  earth,  iron,  lime- 
stone, marble,  mineral  paint,  mineral  water,  natural  gas,  petroleum, 
salt,  glass-sand,  sandstone,  serpentine,  silver,  soapstone,  and  stone  in- 
dustry.    Some  potash  is  also  found  in  this  county. 


92  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value          1 

Borax 

13,203  tons 
133,557  M 
8,263  tons 

$349,669 

1,244,971 

14,566 

2,100 

8,025 

953,434 

75,000 

1,957,279 

460 

60,000    f 

Brick 

Clay    

Gems 

Mineral  water    _ 

331,151  gals. 

Miscellaneous  stone    _ 

Natural  gas _ 

1,250,000  M  cu.  ft. 
3,558,690  bbls. 
10  tons 
20,000  tons 

Petroleum _ 

Potash  

Salt   

Total      

$4,665,504 

Madera. 

Area:  2,112  square  miles. 

Population:  15,000  (estimated  by  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1913). 
Location:  East  central  portion  of  State. 
Madera  County  produced  five  mineral  substances  during  the  year 
1914,  having  a  total  value  of  $203,517,  as  compared  with  the  1913  out- 
put worth  $371,867.     This  county  contains  deposits  of  copper,  gold, 
iron,  lead,  molybdenum,  pumice,  silver,  and  building  stone. 

In  thirty-fifth  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


Substance 

Amount 

Valua 

Copper                  _  -     -                  -                                 _  

35,359  lbs. 

$4,703 

Gold     _       -       _               _                            _         

5,000 

Miscellaneous  stone            -  _            _       _         

192,764 

Pumice    ________                _    _        _  _  __    

50  tons 

1,000 

Silver _        _      ..           

50 

Total    

$203,517 

Marin. 

Area:  529  square  miles. 

Population:  25,114  (1910  census). 
Mineral  production  in  Marin  County  during  the  year  1914  reached 
a  value  of  $554,137,  as  compared  to  the  1913  output,  worth  $278,453. 
The  considerable  increase  was  due  to  three  large  contracts  for  rubble 
and  macadam — the  Key  Route  mole,  San  Francisco  waterfront  bulk- 
head and  the  Exposition  roadways — rock  for  all  of  which  came  from 
Marin  County.  This  county  is  not  especially  prolific  in  minerals, 
although  among  its  resources  along  these  lines  are  asbestos,  brick,  gems, 
mineral  water,  soapstone,  and  stone  industry. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


93 


In  twenty-sixth  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  fol- 
lows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

r.rick 

15,000  m 
60,000  gals. 

$55,000 

Mineral  water     _        _        _        _ 

9,000 

Miscellaneous  stone 

490,137 

Total    ___. 

$554,137 

Mariposa. 

Area:  1,463  square  miles. 
Population:  3,956   (1910  census). 

Location:   Most   southerly   of   the   Mother   Lode    counties.     East 

central  portion  of  State. 

Mariposa  County  is  one  of  the  distinctly  ''mining'*  counties  of  the 

State,  although  it  stands  thirty-sixth  on  the  list  of  counties  in  regard 

to  the  value  of  its  mineral  output  for  1914,  with  a  total  of  $187,870,  as 

compared  with  the  1913  figures  of  $246,079. 

Its  mineral  resources  are  varied,  among  the  more  important  items 
lieing  asbestos,  barytes,  copper,  gems,  gold,  lead,  marble,  silver,  slate, 
soapstone,  and  the  stone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Barytes     ^ _    __ 

2,000  tons 
277,472  lbs. 

$3,000 

Copper                   _                          _            _            _      - 

36,904 

Gold    - 

132,000 

Marble 

100  cu.  ft. 

100 

Miscellaneous  stone 

15,366 

Silver                       _                      _    

500 

Total 

$187,870 

Mendocino. 

Area:  3,453  square  miles. 
Population:  23,929   (1910  census). 

Location:^  Joins  Humboldt  County  on  the  south  and  bounded  by 

the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  west. 

Mendocino's  annual  mineral  production  is  small,  the  1914  output 

being  valued  at  $560,  ranking  it  fifty-fifth  among  the  counties.     That 

of  1913,  however,  was  worth  $9,450.     In  each  case  crushed  rock  was 

the  material  commercially  produced. 

Deposits  of  uncertain  value,  of  asbestos,  chromite,  copper,  graphite, 
inagnesite,  and  mineral  water  have  been  found,  as  well  as  traces  of 


! 


94 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


gold  and  silver.     For  the  coming  year  there  are  good  prospects  for  a 
commercial  yield  of  manganese  ore. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 


Miscellaneous  stone 


$560 


Merced. 

Area:  1,995  square  miles. 

Population:  15,148   (1910  census). 

Location:  About  the  geographical  center  of  the  State. 
Merced  County  as  a  whole  lies  in  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  and  iti 
figures  as  one  of  the  lesser  mineral-producing  counties  of  the  State. 
The  1914  mineral  output  (in  which  is  included  the  gold  and  silver  yield 
of  Stanislaus,  there  being  but  a  single  dredge  in  each),  was  valued  at 
$112,500.  Copper  and  crushed  rock  have  also  been  commercially  pro- 
duced. Undeveloped  deposits  of  antimony,  quicksilver,  and  limestone 
have  been  noted  in  this  county,  in  addition  to  the  foregoing. 
Commercial  production  during  1914  was  as  follows: 


i 


Substance 

Value 

Gold* 

$112,000 

Silver*           _        ___                                                           _^ 

500 

Total 

$112,500 

•Including  output  of  one  dredge  in  Stanislaus  County. 
Modoc. 

Area:  3,823  square  miles. 
Population:  6,191   (1910  census). 
Location:  The  extreme  northeast  corner  of  the  State. 
Modoc  County,  like  Lassen,  has  only  recently  had  the  benefit  of  com- 
munication with  the  outside  world  by  rail.     It  is  at  the  present  time 
generally  speaking,  an  unexplored  country.    Among  its  known  minernl 
resources  are:  Clay,  coal,  gold,  iron,  quicksilver,  salt,  and  silver. 
In  fifty-second  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


SubsUnce 

Amount 

V»lU6 

Gold    

$1.0(111 

SmH 

40  tons 

Tl'ii 

Silver 

111 

Total 

$1.7;'>ii 

I 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


95 


Mono. 

Area:  3,030  square  miles. 
Population:  2,843   (1910  census). 

Location:  Is  bordered  by  the  State  of  Nevada  on  the  east  and  is 
about  in  the  central  portion  of  the  State  measured  on  a  north 
and  south  line. 
Gold  mining  has  been  carried  on  in  portions  of  Mono  County  for 
many  years,  although  taken  as  a  whole  it  lies  in  a  rather  inaccessible 
country  and  has  been  but  superficially  explored.     It  is  in  the  contin- 
uation of  the  highly  mineralized  belt  which  was  noted  in  Inyo  County 
and  contains  among  other  mineral  resources  barytes,  bismuth,   clay, 
copper,  gold,  gypsum,  iron,  lead,  limestone,  salt,  silver  and  travertine. 
In  forty-eighth  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Cold     

$7,000 

Salt                     - 

i  ton* 

150 

Silver   

10,000 

Total      -  - 

$17,150 

♦Medicinal. 
Monterey. 

Area:  3,330  square  miles. 
Population:  24,146  (1910  census). 

Location:  West  central  portion  of  State,  bordering  on  Pacific 
Ocean, 
^lonterey  County  produced  ten  mineral  substances  during  the  year 
1914,  having  a  total  value  of  $113,831,  as  compared  with  the  1913  out- 
put worth  $178,679.  Its  mineral  resources  include  brick,  clay,  copper, 
coal,  feldspar,  fuller's  earth,  gold,  silver,  gypsum,  infusorial  earth, 
limestone,  mineral  water,  petroleum,  quicksilver,  glass-sand,  sandstone, 
silver,  and  the  stone  industry. 

In  forty-second  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  fol- 
lows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Coal 

5,992  tons 
700  tons 
450  tons 

- 

$17,976 
3,500 

Foldspar    _    _     _  _  .        _          .     

Fuller's  earth . _  

3,150 

Gold 

4000 

Gvpsum                   _      _              _ 

7,000  tons 
26.000  gals. 

21,000 

Mineral  water 

^fiscellaneoiiP  stone _ _  .  __ 

7.900 
39.202 

-and,  glass 

"silver 

9,210  tons 

7,633 
20 

Other  minerals 

9,450 



Total    

$113,831 

96 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OP    CALIFORNIA. 


Napa. 

Area:  783  square  miles. 
Population:  19,800   (1910  census). 

Location:  Directly  north  of  San  Francisco  Bay — one  of  the  "bay 
counties. ' ' 
Napa,  because  of  its  production  of  structural  and  industrial  mate- 
rials, stands  twenty-second  on  the  list  of  mineral-producing  counties  in 
California.  Its  most  important  mineral  resources  are  asbestos,  barytes, 
copper,  cement,  gypsum,  magnesite,  mineral  water,  quicksilver,  sand- 
stone, soapstone,  and  stone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Mineral  water 

142,940  gals. 

$73,280 

Miscellaneous  stone 

130,816 

Quicksilver  _  _    _      „.  . .. 

240  flasks 

11,772 

Other  minerals 

756.380 

Total 

$971,718 

Nevada. 

Area:  974  square  miles.  -      ''  ■ 

Population:  14,955  (1910  census). 

Location:  North  of  Lake  Tahoe,  on  the  eastern  border  of  the  State. 

Nevada,  one  of  the  mountain  counties  of  California,  leads  all  others 

in  its  gold  output  for  1914,  and  stands  sixth  on  the  list  in  regard  to  the 

value  of  its  total  mineral  output  with  a  figure  of  $3,329,179,  as  com- 

pared  with  the  1913  production,  worth  $2,950,367.  M 

While  this  county  actually  produces  little  else  in  the  mineral  line 

aside  from  gold  and  silver,  its  resources  cover  a  wide  scope,  includins: 

antimony,   asbestos,   barytes,   bismuth,   chromite,   clay,   copper,    gems. 

iron,  lead,  magnesite,  mineral  paint,  pyrite,  soapstone,  and  tungsten. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Copper         _      ______-. 

39  lbs. 

S.~i 

Gems        -    _  -           -  

('(i 

Gold 

3  MiH)  1)1 10 

Lead    _ 

145  lbs. 



(i 

Miscellaneous  stone 

■J.lli^ 

Silver                                                                       ._  _  _ 

■J7j  n  '1 1 

Total    

$3,329,179 

STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


97 


Orange. 

Area:  795  square  miles. 
Population:  34,436  (1910  census). 

Location:  Southwestern  portion  of  State,  bordering  Pacific  Ocean. 
Orange  County  is  one  of  the  many  in  California  which  on  casual 
inspection  appears  to  be  anything  but  a  mineral-producing  section.  It 
stands,  however,  as  the  second  county  in  the  State  in  regard  to  the  total 
value  of  mineral  output,  its  highly  productive  oil  fields  making  such  a 
condition  possible. 

This  county  made  a  tremendous  gain  in  1914,  with  a  total  value  of 

mineral  products  of  $8,831,763,  over  the  1913  output,  worth  $6,948,495. 

Aside  from  the  substances  actually  produced  and  noted  in  the  table 

below,  coal,  gypsum,  iron,  infusorial  earth,  sandstone,  and  tourmaline 

have  been  found  in  Orange  County. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick      _       -          -       _      _--      

1,333  M 

$19,300 

Miscellaneous  stone 

88,315 

Natural  gas      _    _         _ —  _ 

1,867,336  M  cu.  ft. 
12,758,678  bbls. 

112,040 

Petroleum        _      _         _      __ 

8,612,108 

Total                        -  -    

$8,831,763 

Placer. 

Area:  1,395  square  miles. 

Population:  18,237   (1910  census). 

Location:  Eastern  border  of  State,  directly  west  of  Lake  Tahoe. 
While  standing  only  nineteenth  on  the  list  of  mineral-producing 
counties,  Placer  contains  a  wide  variety  of  mineral  substances  which 
have  never  been  commercially  exploited.  Its  leading  products  are  gold, 
granite,  and  limestone.  Other  mineral  resources,  many  of  them  un- 
developed, are :  Asbestos,  brick,  chromite,  clay,  coal,  copper,  gems,  gold, 
iron,  lead,  limestone,  magnesite,  manganese,  marble,  quartz  crystals, 
glass-sand,  silver,  soapstone,  and  the  stone  industry. 


98  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick 

2,000  M 
63,700  tons 
453  lbs. 

$40,000 

49,0(J0 

60 

Clay    __           

Copper 

Gold 

600.000 

Lead       _              -           .         __ 

385  lbs. 
202.575  tons 

15 

Limestone   ._  _         

202,575 

203,593 

4,500 

Miscellaneous  stone  __-  __         _  -      

Silver   

Total 

$1,099,743 

Plumas. 

Area:  2,594  square  miles. 
Population:  5,259  (1910  census). 

Location:  Northeastern  border  of  State,  south  of  Lassen. 
A  considerable  portion  of  the  area  of  Plumas  County  lies  in  the  high 
mountains,  and  deposits  of  the  metals,  especially  gold  and  copper,  are 
found  here.  Lack  of  transportation  and  other  facilities  have  retarded 
its  growth,  but  its  future  is  decidedly  promising.  Mineral  production 
for  1914  was  valued  at  $164,809,  as  compared  with  the  1913  output, 
worth  $143,698. 

Among  its  mineral  resources  are:  Chromite,  copper,  gold,  granite, 
iron,  lead,  limestone,  manganese,  platinum  minerals,  silver,  tungsten, 
and  zinc. 

In  thirty-seventh  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  fol- 
lows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Copper                                       -       - 

150,000  lbs. 

$19,9.-.ii 

Gold 

140,000 

Lead    

2,058  lbs. 

80 

Miscellaneous  stone                                             -    

1.879 

Silver                                                                     

2,900 

Total    _    

$164,809 

Riverside. 

Area:  7,240  square  miles. 

Population:  34,696  (1910  census). 

Location:  Southern  portion  of  State. 
Riverside  is  the  fourth  county  in  the  State  in  size  and  the  seventeontli 
in  regard  to  the  total  value  of  mineral  output  for  1014     Within  its 
borders   are   included   mountain,   desert   and   agrieultui.il    land.     Us 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


99 


mineral  resources  include  metals,  structural  and  industrial  materials, 
.md  salines,  some  of  the  more  important  being  asbestos,  borax,  brick, 
cement,  clay,  coal,  copper,  gems,  gold,  graphite,  gypsum,  iron,  lead, 
limestone,  magnesite,  marble,  mineral  paint,  mineral  water,  nitre,  salt, 
urlass-sand,  soapstone,  silver,  stone  industry,  and  tin. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 


I'.rick  

Clay  

ipper  

..Id 

Gypsum  

Mineral  water 

Miscellaneous  stone 

Silver  

Other  minerals 


Total 


1,610  M 
70,136  tons 
36,102  lbs. 


5,300  tons 
100,000  gals. 


$36,713 

69,420 

4,802 

10,000 

7,825 

2,000 

206,802 

100 

1,241,924 

$1,579,586 


Sacramento. 

Area:  983  square  miles. 

Population:  90,000  (estimate  of  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1913). 

Location:  North  central  portion  of  State. 
Sacramento  stands  tenth  among  the  counties  of  the  State  as  a  mineral 
producer,  the  output,  principally  gold,  for  1914  being  valued  at 
$2,632,658,  as  compared  with  the  1913  production,  worth  $2,925,706. 
In  regard  to  gold  output  alone  this  county  ranks  fourth,  being  exceeded 
only  by  Nevada,  Amador,  and  Yuba  counties.  Its  mineral  resources 
include:  Brick,  clay,  gold,  natural  gas,  platinum,  silver,  and  the  stone 
industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick  

22,862  M 

$160,923 

Gold 

2,175,000 

Miscellaneous  stone 

253,235 

Natural  gas __  __    __  _    _ 

80,000  M 

cu 

ft. 

40,000 

Silver 

3,500 

Total        -__    _  _      __    

$2,632,658 

100 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


San   Benito. 


Area:  1,392  square  miles. 

Population:  8,041  (1910  census). 

Location:  West  central  portion  of  State. 

Although  twenty-seventh  among  the  counties  of  the  State  in  regard ;. 

to  value  of  total  mineral  production,  San  Benito  leads  in  one  important;: 

branch  of  the  mineral  industry,  namely,  quicksilver  production.  J 

Its  other  mineral  resources,  many  of  them  undeveloped,  include: J 

Antimony,  bituminous  rock,  chromite,  coal,  gypsum,  gems,  limestone,>J 

mineral  water,  soapstone,  and  the  stone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


I 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Mineral  water _      

700  gals. 

$280 

Miscellaneous  stone  _  _         _ 

110,630 

Quicksilver -- 

6,633  flasks 

325,349 

Total 

$436,259 

San    Bernardino. 

Area:  20,157  square  miles. 

Population:  75,000  (estimated  by  board  of  supervisors,  1913'). 

Location:  Southeastern  portion  of  State. 
San  Bernardino,  by  far  the  largest  county  in  the  State,  ranks  six- 
teenth as  regards  the  value  of  its  mineral  output  for  1914,  with  a  total 
of  $1,614,606.  This  county,  consisting  largely  of  mountain  and  desert 
country,  is  highly  mineralized,  a  few  of  the  more  important  mineral 
resources  being:  Asbestos,  barytes,  borax,  brick,  cement,  clay,  copper, 
gems,  gold,  gypsum,  iron,  lead,  limestone,  marble,  mineral  paint,  min- 
eral water,  nitre,  potash,  salt,  glass-sand,  silver,  soapstone,  soda,  stone 
industry,  tungsten,  tuff,  vanadium,  and  zinc. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


I 


SubsUnce 

Amount 

Value 

Brick  ___  _. 

25  M 

19,069  lbs. 

$1,250 

Copper r.. 

2,536 

Gold 

205,000 

Gypsum  

17,332  tons 
45,110  lbs. 
84,637  bbls. 
23,006  tons 
80  tons 
44,200  gals. 

49,150 

Lead    

1,759 

Lime    _ 

93,100 

Limestone   _- 

20,880 

Mineral  paint __    

561 

Mineral  water  _ _ 

5.100 

Miscellaneous  stone _ 

131,978 

Salt _    

482  tons 
140  tons 

2,892 

400 

40,000 

1,060,000 

Sand,  glass 

Silver  

Other  minerals _ 

Total    

$1,614,606 

STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


101 


San  Diego. 

Area:  4,221  square  miles. 

Population:  140,000   (estimate  by  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1913). 

Location:  Extreme  southwest  corner  of  State. 
San  Diego,  first  in  California  in  the  production  of  gem  stones,  ranks 
lliirtieth  in  the  total  value  of  its  mineral  output.  This  figure  for  1914 
t'(iualed  $315,267,  as  compared  to  the  1913  output,  worth  $315,694. 
Aside  from  minerals  commercially  produced,  as  show^n  below,  San 
Diego  County  contains  deposits  of  asbestos,  bismuth,  lithia  mica,  mar- 
ble, potash,  soapstone,  and  tungsten. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

.   :  ick -     - 

5,457  M 
30  lbs. 

$56,392 

L'opper    _    _         __    ____    -        _  - 

4 

Gems                -- _    __         _    

1,510 

Mineral  water 

Miscellaneous  stone 

8,865  gals. 

911 

210,250 

Salt                  

15,300  tons 

46,200 

Total    -    -      

$315,267 

San    Francisco. 

Area:  43  square  miles. 

Population:  527,000  (estimated  by  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1915). 
Surprising  as  it  may  appear  at  first  glance,  San  Francisco  County  is 
listed  among  the  mineral  producing  sections  of  the  State,  actual  pro- 
duction consisting  of  crushed  rock,  sand,  and  gravel.  Small  quantities 
of  various  valuable  mineral  substances  are  found  here,  including  cinna- 
bar, gypsum,  lignite  and  magnesite,  none,  however,  in  paying  quantities. 
In  forty-first  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Value 

Miscellaneous  stone 

$119,889 

Total 

$119,889 

102 


MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


San    Joaquin. 

A7^ea:  1,448  square  miles. 
Population:  50,731    (1910  census). 
Location:  Central  portion  of  State. 
San  Joaquin  County  reported  a  mineral  production  for  the  year 
1914  having  a  total  value  of  $129,930,  as  compared  with  the  1913  out-- 
put,  worth  $165,157.     Comparatively  few  mineral  substances  are  found 
here,  the  chief  ones  being  brick,   clay,   infusorial  earth,   manganese, 
natural  gas,  glass-sand,  and  stone  industry. 

In  fortieth  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick  . 

5,793  M 
150  tons 

$82,890 

1,500 

19,440 

25,900 

200 

Manganese  _-       

Miscellaneous  stone  __ __    

Natural  gas     _ 

154,872  M 

Other  minerals _ 

Total 

$129,930 

San    Luis   Obispo. 

Area:  3,334  square  miles. 
Population:  19,383  (1910  census). 

Location:  Bordered  by  Kern  County  on  the  east  and  the  Pacific 
Ocean  on  the  west. 
The  total  value  of  the  mineral  production  of  San  Luis  Obispo  County 
in  1914  was  $63,465,  as  compared  with  the  1913  output,  worth  $63,675. 
Among  its  mineral  resources,  both  developed  and  undeveloped,  are: 
Asphalt,  bituminous  rock,  brick,  chromite,  coal,  copper,  gold,  gypsum, 
infusorial  earth,  limestone,  marble,  mineral  water,  onyx,  petroleum, 
quicksilver,  silver,  and  stone  industry. 

In  forty-fifth  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Bituminous  rock _. 

579  tons 
1,000  gals. 
1,266  flasks 

$1,118 
250 

Mineral  water _._ 

Quicksilver  

62,097 

Total _ __    .  . 

$63,h;:> 

I 


STATISTICS   OF    ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


108 


San     Mateo. 

Arid:  447  square  miles. 

Population:   37,500    (estimate   by   county   board    of   supervisors, 
1913). 
Location:  Peninsula,  adjoined  by  San  Francisco  on  the  north. 
San  Mateo's  most   important  mineral  products  are   limestone   and 
s.ilt,  the  latter  being  derived  by  evaporation  from  the  waters  of  San 
I'lancisco  Bay.     The  total  value  of  all  mineral  production  during  1914 
.■•lualed  $246,478,  as  compared  with  the  1913  figures  of  $215,371. 

Small  amounts  of  barytes,  chromite,  infusorial  earth  and  quicksilver 
Ihive  been  discovered  in  addition  to  the  items  of  economic  value  noted 
Ix'low. 

In  thirty-second  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  fol- 
lows : 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick      _      .._.    

950  M 

$24,074 

Gonis 

200 

Liino 

6,581  bbls. 
153,329  tons 

845 

I  imcstono 

75,941 

Miscellaneous  stone 

34,&48 

Salt     _      _.        -    --    _        ______ 

27,500  tons 
81,000  tons 

76,750 

Sandstone 

34,020 

Total 

$246,478 

Santa    Barbara. 

Area:  2,740  square  miles. 
Population:  27,738   (1910  census). 

»  Location:  Southwestern  portion  of  State,  joining  San  Luis  Obispo 
on  the  south. 

Santa  Barbara  County  owes  its  position  as  ninth  in  the  State  in 
regard  to  its  mineral  product  to  the  presence  of  productive  oil  fields 
within  its  boundaries.  The  total  value  of  its  mineral  production  dur- 
ing the  year  1914  was  $2,686,309,  as  compared  with  the  1913  output 
of  .$3,636,288. 

Aside  from  the  mineral  substances  listed  below,  Santa  Barbara 
County  contains  asphalt,  diatomaceous  earth,  gilsonite,  gypsum,  mag- 
nesitt\  and  quicksilver  in  more  or  less  abundance. 


104  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Bituminous  rock 

25,000  tons 
2,100  M 
6,157  tons 
160,400  gals. 

$50,000 

Brick  

16,800 

Limestone  -_ 

11,263 

Mineral  water  _    _    _ 

152,432 

Miscellaneous  stone 

15,300 

Natural  gas _  _  

6,313,380  M  cu.  ft. 
4,325,787  bbls. 
9,286  cu.  ft. 

378,802 

Petroleum  -    __       

1,989,862 

Sandstone __       __    

1,850 

Other  minerals    _- 

70,000 

Total          -            

$2,686,309 

Santa    Clara. 

Area:  1,328  square  miles. 

Population:  97,039    (estimate  by  Chamber  of  Commerce,   1913).    J 

Location:  West  central  portion  of  State. 
Santa  Clara  County  reported  a  mineral  output  for  1914  of  $266,956,^ 
as  compared  with  the  1913  figures  of  $311,383.  This  county,  lyingt^ 
largely  in  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains,  contains  a  wide  variety  of 
mineral  substances,  including  brick,  clay,  limestone,  magnesite,  man- 
ganese, mineral  water,  petroleum,  quicksilver,  soapstone,  and  the  stone 
industry.     It  stood  second  in  quicksilver  yield  for  the  year. 

In  thirty-first  place,  commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick                            --       

15,900  M 
1,425  tons 
29,000  gals. 

$79,500 

Magnesite          -           -_       

14,250 

Mineral  water              _           __         __ 

10,750 

Miscellaneous  stone            _              _ 

39,093 

Petroleum                                      --      - 

10,000  bbls. 
2,407  flasks 

5,300 

Quicksilver                           -                    

118,063 

Total                                                     

$266,956 

Santa  Cruz. 

Area:  435  square  miles. 
Population:  26,140  (1910  census). 

Location:   Bordering   Pacific    Ocean,    just   south    of    San    Mateo 

County. 

The  mineral  output  of  Santa  Cruz  County,  a  portion  of  which  is 

itemized  below,  amounted  to  a  total  value  of  $1,642,958,  giving  the 

county  a  standing  of  fifteenth  among  all  others  in  the  State  in  this 

regard. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


105 


Among  the  mineral  resources  known  here  are  bituminous  rock,  ce- 
ment, coal,  graphite,  gold,  lime,  limestone,  petroleum,  silver,  and  the 
■^tone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

lUtuminous  rock 

40,540  tons 

173,282  bbls. 

14,666  tons 

$115,500 

157,011 

I.iinostone   --  -                           -                - 

25,082 

Miscellaneous  stone 

4,276 

Other  minerals 

1,341,089 

Total 

$1,642,958 

l(hasta. 

Area:  3,858  square  miles. 
Fopulation:  18,920  (1910  census). 
Location:  North  central  portion  of  State. 
Shasta  County  stands  fourth  in  California  among  the  mineral-pro- 
lucing  counties,  with  an  output  valued  at  $5,044,930,   as  compared 
ith  the  1913  production,  worth  $6,212,344.     Not  taking  petroleum 
Into  account,  Shasta  leads  all  the  counties  by  a  wide  margin.     This 
county  is  first  in  copper  production,  first  in  silver,  first  in  pyrite,  and 
seventh  in  gold.     The  Shasta  copper  belt  is  the  most  important  deposit 
of  this  metal  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  present  production  would  be 
practically  doubled  were  it  not  for  the  conflict  between  the  agricultural 
interests  and  the  smelters  regarding  the  alleged  damage  done  to  crops 
by  the  smelter  fumes.     Some  of  the  smelters  have  been   closed   by 
injunction  and  others  have  been  forced  to  curtail  their  output  in  the 
effort  to  render  their  gaseous  waste  innocuous. 

Shasta's  leading  mineral  resources  are:  Asbestos,  barytes,  brick, 
chrome,  copper,  gold,  iron,  lead,  lime,  limestone,  mineral  water,  pyrite, 
silver,  stone  industry,  and  zinc. 

Mount  Lassen  is  located  in  southeastern  Shasta  County. 


106  MINERAL    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


Substance 

Amount 

Value       9 

Brick  

1,594  M 

867  tons 
25,122,766  lbs. 

4^884^ 
3,341,328i 
1,100,000- 

5,128" 
841 

Chromite 

Copper 

Gold 

Iron   

Lead                         __       __                   _            _       _ 

1,436  tons 
21,565  lbs. 

8,657  bbls. 
36,997  tons 
30,000  gals. 

Lime 

5,163 

Limestone 

30,026 

6,850 

125 

Mineral  water 

Miscellaneous  stone    .. 

Pyrite _ 

69,438  tons 

195  362  ^ 

Silver __    __      _ 

345  000 

Total 

$5,044,930  • 

Sierra. 

Area:  923  square  miles. 
Population:  4,098   (1910  census). 

Location:  Eastern  border  of  State,  just  north  of  Nevada  County. 

Sierra  County  reported  a  mineral  production  of  $733,000,  consisting 

of  gold  and  silver,  during  the  year  1914,  as  compared  with  the  1913 

output  worth  $1,010,976.     Considering  gold  output  alone,  this  county 

stands  tenth ;  and  as  to  total  mineral  yield,  twenty-fifth. 

Aside  from  the  metals  itemized  below.  Sierra  County  contains  de- 
posits of  asbestos,  chromite,  iron,  lead,  platinum  minerals,  serpentine 
and  talc. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


•     Substance 

Value 

Gold                                              —         -    - — -  - 

$730,000 

Silver                                                                            

3,000 

Total 

$733,00(» 

Siskiyou. 

Area:  6,256  square  miles. 
Population:  18,800    (1910  census). 

Location:  Extreme  north  central  portion  of  State,  next  Oregon 

boundary. 

Siskiyou,  fifth  county  in  California  in  regard  to  size,  located   in  n 

highly  mineralized  and  mountainous  country,  ranks  twenty-eight li   in 

regard  to  the  value  of  its  mineral  output  for  1914.     Although   the 

county  is  traversed  by  a  transcontinental  railroad  i!i  a  north  and  south 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


107 


11 

■■he,  the  mineral-bearing  sections  are  almost  without  exception  far  from 
■^transportation   and  other   facilities.     A   large  part  of   the   county   is 
accessible  by  trail  alone.     Future  development  and  exploitation  will 
doubtless  increase  the  productiveness  of  this  part  of  the  State  to  a 
great  degree. 

Among  Siskiyou's  mineral  resources  are:  Chromite,  clay,  coal,  cop- 
per, gems,  gold,  lead,  limestone,  marble,  mineral  water,  pumice  stone, 
quicksilver,  sandstone,  silver,  and  the  stone  industry. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Coal    --     

100  tons 

$500 

(iold 

312,000 

load                                                  ___          _          ___ 

58  lbs. 
677  bbls. 
650,000  gals. 

2 

1  imc                                                                        

629 

Mineral  water                           --                   -  -       

65,000 

5,371 

Sandstone                                    -           _        __  

250  cu.  ft. 

150 

silver                                                     -         

1,100 

Total                                                 -_          -        -  -- 

$384,752 

Solano. 

Area:  822  square  miles. 
Population:  27,559  (1910  census). 

Location:  Touching  San  Francisco  Bay  on  the  northeast. 

Solano,  while  mostly  valley  land,  produced  mineral  substances  during 

le  year  1914  to  the  total  value  of  $1,683,866,   ranking  fourteenth 

imong  the  counties  of  the  State.     Among  her  mineral  resources  are: 

^tuminous  rock,  brick,  cement,  clay,  fuller's  earth,  limestone,  mineral 

iter,  natural  gas,  onyx,  petroleum,  quicksilver,  salt,  and  the  stone 

industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Limestone   

-Mineral  water 

-Miscellaneous  stone    _      

86,128  tons 
43,020  gals. 

$86,128 

5,208 

71,288 

Natural  gas  

Quicksilver  

other  minerals      

5,357  M  cu.  ft. 
320  flasks 

5,546 

15.696 

1,500,000 

Total 

$1,683,866 

108 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


Sonoma. 

Area:  1,577  square  miles. 

Population:  48,394  (1910  census).  ?* 

Location:  South  of  Mendocino  County,  bordering  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean. 
Sonoma  ranked  twenty-ninth  among  the  counties  of  California  dur- 
ing the  year  1914,  with  a  mineral  production  of  $326,144,  as  compared 
with  its  1913  output  worth  $239,037.     More  paving  blocks  are  manu- 
factured here  than  in  any  other  section  of  the  State. 

Among  Sonoma's  mineral  resources  are:  Brick,  chromite,  clay,  cop- 
per, graphite,  infusorial  earth,  magnesite,  marble,  mineral  paint,  min- 
eral water,  quicksilver,  and  the  stone  industry. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows:  I 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Magnesite    _ _  __      

213  tons 
89,015  gals. 

$2,130 

Mineral  water    _                          

46,160 

Miscellaneous  stone                                    _    

276,516 

Quicksilver                                                        --      

13  flasks 

638 

Other  minerals 

700 

Total    -    

$326,144 

_      _ 

Stanislaus. 

Area:  1,450  square  miles. 
■    Population:   35,000    (estimated   by   the   county   board   of   super- 
visors). 
Location:  Center  of  State,  bounded  on  south  by  Merced  County. 
Gold  is  the  chief  mineral  product  of  Stanislaus  County,  although 
brick,  clay,  gypsum,  iron,  manganese,  mineral  paint,  quicksilver  and 
silver  are  found  here  to  some  extent  as  well.     This  county,  thougli 
apparently  ranking  forty-ninth  in  the  State  in  regard  to  value  of 
mineral  output,  is  really  in  a  higher  position.     In  order  not  to  reveal 
individual  biisiness,  the  gold  and  silver  yield  of  its  single  dredge  is 
combined  with  similar  data  under  Merced  County. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


SubBUnce 

Amount 

Value 

Brick                                                                -    — 

250  M 

$2,5(10 

Gold*                                                                     

Mineral  paint                                                       -  .  .- 

52  tons 

286 

Miscellaneous  stone                                           - . 

3,096 

Silver*                                                         

Total 

$,5,882 

'Combined  with  Merced. 


STATISTICS   OF   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 


109 


Sutter. 

Area:  608  square  miles. 
Population:  6,329   (1910  census). 

Location:  Bounded  by  Butte  County  on  the  north  and  Sacramento 

on  the  south. 

Sutter  is  one  of  only  two  counties  in  the  State  which  reported  no 

commercial  output  of  some  kind  of  mineral  substance  during  1914. 

Both  clay  and  coal  exist  here,  but  deposits  of  neither  mineral  have 

been  placed  on  a  productive  basis. 

Tehama. 

Area:  2,893  square  miles. 
Population:  11,401  (1910  census). 

Location:  North  central  portion  of  the   State,  bounded   on  the 
north  by  Shasta, 
Tehama  stands  last  among  the  fifty-six  mineral-producing  counties 
of  the  State.     Its  mineral  output  during  1914  was  valued  at  $300,  as 
compared  with  the  1913  production  worth  $2,442. 

Among  its  mineral  resources  are  listed :  Brick,  chromite,  copper,  gold, 
marble,  mineral  w^ater,  salt,  silver,  and  the  stone  industry. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Mineral  water             _                  _ 

100  gals. 
♦1/11  ton 

$100 

Salt 

200 

Total 

$300 

♦From  mineral  water. 
Trinity. 

Area:  3,166  square  miles. 

Population:  3,301   (1910  census). 

Location:  North w^estern  portion  of  State. 
Trinity,  like  Siskiyou  County,  requires  transportation  facilities  to 
further  the  development  of  its  many  and  varied  mineral  resources. 
Deposits  of  asbestos,  barytes,  chromite,  copper,  gold,  mineral  water, 
platinum,  quicksilver,  silver,  and  building  stone  are  known  here,  but 
with  the  exception  of  gold,  very  little  active  production  of  these  mineral 
substances  is  possible,  as  yet. 


110  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

In  twenty-fourth  place,  commercial  output  for  1914  was  as  follows; 


Substance 

Value      0 

Gold -    -     

$750,000 
245 

Mineral  wator                                             -      - 

Si]v(>r         ._—-------                 - 

3,500 

Total       

$75:1,71.-, 

Tulare. 

Area:  4,856  square  miles. 
Population:  35,440  (1910  census). 

Location:  Bounded  by  Inyo  on  the  east,  Kern  on  the  south,  Fresno 
on  the  north. 
Tulare  stands  thirty-eighth  on  the  list  of  mineral-producing  counties. 
Her  mineral  resources,  among  others,  are:  Brick,  clay,  copper,  feld- 
spar, graphite,  gems,  infusorial  earth,  magnesite,  marble,  natural  gas, 
quartz,  glass  sand,  soapstone,  stone  industry,  zinc. 
Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick           - -  -      

6,838  M 
2,830  tons 

6  cu.ft. 
9,650  tons 

$47,507 

Feldspar              _         _ - 

13,065 

Marble                          —    —      

30 

Magnesite                              - 

96,500 

Miscellaneous  stone                     -      -      

1,750 

Quartz -- 

1,250  tons 

2,400 

Total 

$161,252 

Tuolumne. 

Area:  2,190  square  miles. 
Population:  9,979   (1910  census). 

Location:  East  central  portion  of  State — Mother  Lode  district. 
Tuolumne  ranks  twentieth  among  the  counties  of  the  State  relative 
to  its  total  value  of  mineral  output.     As  a  producer  of  marble  its  stand- 
ing is  first. 

Chromite,  clay,  copper,  gold,  lead,  limestone,  marble,  mineral  paint. 
platinum,  soapstone,  silver,  and  the  stone  industry  are  the  leading 
mineral  resources. 


1 


STATISTICS   OP   ANNUAL   PRODUCTION. 

)mmercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows : 


111 


H^                                         SubsUnce 

Amount 

Value 

luer 

45  lbs. 

$6 

avid 

950,000 

Jje.nd     -    

89  lbs. 
63,a31  bbls. 
16,707  tons 
21,830  cu.  ft. 

3 

Lime 

38,000 

Limestone   

21,907 

Marble     _.     _     . 

38,202 

Silver -. 

11,000 

Total  

$1,059,118 

Ventura. 

Area:  1,878  square  miles. 
Population:  18,347   (1910  census). 

Location:   Southwestern   portion   of   State,   bordering   on   Pacific 
Ocean. 
Ventura  is  the  twenty-first  county  in  the  State  in  respect  to  the 
value   of   its   mineral   production    for    1914,    the    exact    figure    being 
$1,000,729,  as  compared  with  the  output  for  1913  worth  $924,972. 
The  best  grade  of  petroleum  produced  in  the  State  is  found  here. 
Among  its  other  mineral  resources  are:  Asphalt,  borax,  brick,  clay, 
mineral  water,  natural  gas,  sandstone. 

Commercial  production  for  1914  was  as  follows: 


Substance 

Amount 

Value 

Brick 

449  M 

100,000  M  cu.  ft. 
943,929  bbls. 
1,195  cu.  ft. 

$3,102 

Natural  gas  _    

6,000 

Petroleum                - - -      _ 

991,125 

Sandstone 

502 

Total 

$1,000,729 

Yolo. 

Area:  1,014  square  miles. 
Population:  13,926   (1910  census). 

Location:  Sacramento  Valley,  bounded  by  Sutter  on  the  east  and 

Colusa  on  the  north. 

The  mineral  production  from  Yolo   County  during  the  year  1914 

consisted  of  15  flasks  of  quicksilver,  valued  at  $736,  ranking  it  in  fifty- 

fourtli  place.     Deposits  of  undetermined  value  of  iron  and  sandstone 

have  been  discovered  within  the  confines  of  this  county. 


112 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA 


Yuba. 

Area:  639  square  miles. 

Population:  10,042  (1910  census). 

Location:  Lies   west   of   Sierra   and   Nevada   counties;   south   of 

Plumas. 

Yuba  is  eighth  of  the  fifty-six  mineral-producing  counties  of  the 

State,  and  is  third  in  regard  to  gold  output.     Quicksilver  and  iron 

deposits  have  been  located  in  this  county,  aside  from  the  following 

commercial  production  as  reported  for  the  year  1914 : 


Substance 


Gold   

Miscellaneous  stone 
Silver 

Total   


$2,800,000 

14,895 

6,000 


$2,820,895: 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  113 

CHAPTER  EIGHT. 

MINING  LAWS. 


The  fundamental  Federal  and  California  statutes  governing  mining,   the  ('alif(iruia 
mine  bell  signals  and  forms  of  location  notices  are  given  herewith. 

MINING  BUREAU  ACT. 

Chapter   679. 
LStat.,  1913.] 

act  establishing  a  state  mining  hureau,  creating  the  office  of  state  mim  rdlogisi, 
fixing  his  salary  and  prescrihing  his  powers  and  duties;  providing  for  the 
employment  of  officers  and  employees  of  said  hureau,  making  it  the  duty  of 
persons  in  charge  of  mines,  mining  operations  and  quarries  to  make  certain 
reports,  providing  for  the  investigation  of  mining  operations,  dealings  and 
transactions  and  the  prosecution  for  defrauding,  sicindling  and  cheating  therein, 
creating  a  state  mining  hureau  fund  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  and  repealing  an  act  entitled  ^^An  act  to  provide  for  the 
establishment,  maintenance,  and  support  of  a  hureau,  to  he  known  as  the  state 
mining  hureau,  and  for  the  appointment  and  duties  of  a  hoard  of  trustees,  to 
he  known  as  the  hoard  of  trustees  of  the  state  mining  hureau,  who  shall  have 
the  direction,  management  and  control  of  said  state  mining  hureau,  and  to 
provide  for  the  appointment,  duties,  and  compensation  of  a  state  mineralogist, 
who  shall  perform  the  duties  of  his  office  tinder  the  control,  direction  and 
supervision  of  the  hoard  of  trustees  of  the  state  mining  hureau,''  approved 
March  23,  1893,  and  all  acts  amendatory  thereof  and  supplemental  thereto  or 
in  conflict  herewith. 

[Approved  June  16,  1913.     In  effect  August  10,  1913.] 

people  of  the  State  of  California  do  enact  at  follows: 

Section  1.     There  is  hereby  created  and  established  a  state  mining  bureau.  The 

if  oflScer  of  such  bureau  shall  be  the  state  mineralogist,  which  office  is  hereby 

ated. 

Sec.  2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  governor  of  the  State  of  California  and  he  is 
hereby  empowered  to  appoint  a  citizen  and  resident  of  this  state,  having  a  practical 
and  scientific  knowledge  of  mining,  to  the  office  of  state  mineralogist.  Said  state 
mineralogist  shall  hold  his  office  at  the  pleasure  of  the  governor.  H€  shall  be  a  civil 
executive  officer.  He  shall  take  and  subscribe  the  same  oath  of  office  as  other 
state  officers.  He  shall  receive  for  his  services  a  salary  of  three  hundred  dollars 
($300)  per  month,  to  be  paid  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
salaries  of  other  state  officers..  He  shall  also  receive  his  necessary  traveling 
expenses  when  traveling  on  the  business  of  his  office.  He  shall  give  bond  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  his  duties  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  ($10,000), 
»aid  bond  to  be  approved  by  the  governor  of  the  State  of  California. 

Sec.  3.  Said  state  mineralogist  shall  employ  competent  geologists,  field 
-istants,  qualified  specialists  and  office  employees  when  necessary  in  the  execution 

his  plans  and  operations  of  the  bureau,  and  fix  their  compensation.  The  said 
aployees  shall  be  allowed  their  necessary  traveling  expenses  when  traveling  on 
the  business  of  said  department  and  shall  hold  office  at  the  pleasure  of  said  state 
mineralogist. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  state  mineralogist  to  make,  facilitate,  and 
encourage,  special   studies  of  the  mineral   resources  and  mineral   industries   of  the 

8—18655 


114  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

stale.  It  shall  be  his  duty:  to  collect  statistics  concerniim  Hi.'  cccurr.iicc  and  pro- 
duction of  the  economically  important  minerals  ami  the  moLhods  piusut'd  in  making 
ili'ir  valuable  constituents  available  for  commercial  use;  to  make  a  collection  of] 
l^ipical  geological  and  mineralogical  specimens,  especially  those  of  economic  and; 
commercial  importance,  sik  h  collecticn  constituting  the  museum  of  the  state; 
mining  bureau;  to  provide  a  library  of  books,  reports,  drawings,  bearing  upon  the 
mineral  industries,  and  sciences  of  mineralogy  and  geology,  and  arts  of  mining  and;; 
metallurgy,  such  library  constituting  the  library  of  the  state  mining  bureau ;  to  make 
a  collection  of  models,  drawings  and  descriptions  of  the  mechanical  appliances  used 
in  mining  and  metallurgical  processes ;  to  preserve  and  so  maintain  such  collections 
and  library  as  to  make  them  available  for  reference  and  examination,  and  open  to 
public  inspection  at  reasonable  hours;  to  maintain,  in  effect,  a  bureau  of  information 
concerning  the  mineral  industries  of  this  state,  to  ccnsist  of  such  collections  and 
library,  and  to  arrange,  classify,  catalogue,  and  index  tlie  data  therein  contained,  in 
a  manner  to  make  the  information  available  to  those  desiring  it ;  to  issue  from  time 
to  time  such  bulletins  as  he  may  deem  advisable  concerning  the  statistics  and  tech- 
nology of  the  mineral  industries  of  this  state. 

Sec.  5.  It  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  owner,  lessor,  lessee,  agent,  manager 
or  other  person  in  charge  of  each  and  every  mine,  of  whatever  kind  or  character, 
within  the  state,  to  forward  to  the  state  mineralogist,  upon  his  request,  at  his  office 
not  later  than  the  thirtieth  day  of  June,  in  each  year,  a  detailed  report  upon  forms 
which  will  be  furnished  showing  the  character  of  the  mine,  the  number  of  men  then 
employed,  the  method  of  working  such  mine  and  the  general  condition  thereof,  the 
total  mineral  production  for  the  past  year,  and  such  owner,  lessor,  lessee,  agent, 
manager  or  other  person  in  charge  of  any  mine  within  the  state  must  furnish 
whatever  information  relative  to  such  mine  as  the  state  mineralogist  may  from 
time  to  time  require  for  the  proper  discharge  of  his  official  duties.  Any  owner, 
lessor,  lessee,  agent,  manager  or  other  person  in  charge  of  each  and  every  mine,  of 
whatever  kind  or  character  within  the  state,  who  fails  to  comply  with  the  above 
provisions  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Sec.  6.     The  state  mineralogist  now  performing  the  duties  of  the  office  of  state 
mineralogist  shall  perform  the  duties  of  the  office  of  state  mineralogist  as  in  this  ; 
act  provided  until  the  appointment  and  qualification  of  his  successor  as  in  this  act  i 
provided. 

Sec,  7.     The  said  state  mineralogist  shall  take  possession,  charge  and  control  of 
the  offices  now  occupied  and  used  by  the  board  of  trustees  and  state  mineralogist  {, 
and  the  museum,  library  and  laboratory  of  the  mining  bureau  located  in  San  Fi-an- 
cisco  as  provided  for  by  a  certain  act  of  the  legislature  approved  March  23,  1893,  | 
and    hereafter    referred    to   in   section    14   hereof,    and    shall    maintain    such    offices,  | 
museum,  library  and  laboratory  for  the  purposes  provided  in  this  act.  > 

Sec.  8.     Said  state  mineralogist  or  qualified  assistant  shall  have  full  power  and  | 

authority  at  any  time  to  enter  or  examine  any  and  all  mines,  quarries,  wells,  mills,  t 
reduction  works,  refining  works  and  other  mineral  properties  or  working  plants  in  L 
this  state  in  order  to  gather  data  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  act.  || 

Sec.  9.  The  state  mineralogist  shall  make  a  biennial  report  to  the  governor  on  I' 
or  before  the  fifteenth  day  of  September  next  preceding  the  regular  session  of  the  . 
legislature. 

Sec.  10.  All  moneys  received  by  the  state  mining  bureau  or  any  officer  then'of 
(except  such  as  may*  be  paid  to  them  by  the  state  for  disbursement)  shall  be 
receipted  for  by  the  state  mineralogist  or  other  officer  authorized  by  him  to  act  in 
his  place  and  at  least  ouce  a  month  accounted  for  by  him  to  the  state  controller  and 
paid  into  the  state  treasury  to  the  credit  of  a  fund  which  is  hereby  created  and 
designated  "state  mining  bureau  fund."  All  moneys  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
state  mining  bureau  or  any  officer  thereof  received  from  any  source  whatsoevei-. 
shall  be  immediately  paid  over  to  the  state  mineralogist  and  by  him  accounted  fei 
to  the  controller  and  paid  into  the  state  treasury  to  the  credit  of  said  fund.  Stiid 
fund  shall  be  used  and  is  hereby  appropriated  for  the  use  of  said  bureau  in  carry- 
ing out  the  purposes  of  this  act. 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  115 

Sec.  11.  The  said  state  mineralogist  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to 
nceive  on  behalf  of  this  state,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  state  mining  bureau, 
-ifts,  bequests,  devises  and  legacies  of  real  or  other  property  and  to  use  the  same  in 
lueordance  with  the  wishes  of  the  donors,  and  if  no  instructions  are  given  by  said 
donors,  to  manage,  use,  and  dispose  of  the  gifts  and  bequests  and  legacies  for  the 
best  interests  of  said  state  mining  bureau  and  in  such  manner  as  he  may  deem 
II  roper. 

Sec.  12.  The  state  mineralogist  may  whenever  he  deems  it  advisable,  prepare  a 
six'cial  collection  of  ores  and  minerals  of  California  to  be  sent  to  or  used  at  any 
world's  fair  or  exposition  in  order  to  display  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  state. 

Sec.  13.  The  state  mineralogist  is  hereby  empowered  to  fix  a  price  ui>on  and  to 
dispose  of  to  the  public,  at  such  price,  any  and  all  publications  of  the  state  mining 
bureau,  including  reports,  bulletins,  maps,  registers  or  other  publications,  such  price 
shall  approximate  the  cost  of  publication  and  distribution.  Any  and  all  sums 
derived  from  such  disposition,  or  from  gifts  or  bequests  made,  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided must  be  accounted  for  by  said  state  mineralogist  and  turned  over  to  the 
state  treasurer  to  be  credited  to  the  mining  bureau  fund  as  provided  for  in  section 
10.  He  is  also  empowered  to  furnish  without  cost  to  public  libraries  the  publications 
the   bureau,    and    to   exchange    publications    with    other   geological    surveys    and 

iontific  societies,  etc. 

Sec.  14.  The  state  mineralogist  provided  for  by  this  act  shall  be  the  successor 
iu  interest  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state  mining  bureau,  and  the  state 
mineralogist,  under  and  by  virtue  of  that  certain  act,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  the  establishment,  maintenance,  and  support  of  a  bureau,  to  be  known  as  the 
state  mining  bureau,  and  for  the  appointment  and  duties  of  a  board  of  trustees,  to 
be  known  as  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state  mining  bureau,  who  shall  have  the 
direction,  management,  and  control  of  said  state  mining  bureau,  and  to  provide  for 
the  appointment,  duties,  and  compensation  of  a  state  mineralogist,  who  shall  perform 
I  lie  duties  of  his  office  under  the  control,  direction  and  supervision  of  the  board  ot 
iiustees  of  the  state  mining  bureau,"  approved  March  23,  1893,  and  all  books, 
papers,  documents,  personal  property,  records,  and  property  of  every  kind  and 
description  obtained  or  possessed,  or  held  or  controlled  by  the  said  board  of  trustees 
of  the  said  state  mining  bureau,  and  the  state  mineralogist,  and  the  clerks  and 
employees  thereof,  under  the  provisions  of  said  act  of  March  23,  1893,  or  any  act 
supplemental  thereto  or  amendatory  thereof,  shall  immediately  be  turned  over  and 
delivered  to  the  said  state  mineralogist  herein  provided  for,  who  shall  have  charge 
and  control   thereof. 

Sec.  15.  That  certain  act  entitled  **An  act  to  provide  for  the  establishment, 
maintenance,  and  support  of  a  bureau,  to  be  known  as  the  state  mining  bureau,  and 
for  the  appointment  and  duties  of  a  board  of  trustees,  to  be  known  as  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  state  mining  bureau,  and  to  provide  for  the  appointment,  duties 
and  compensation  of  a  state  mineralogist,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  of  his  ofiice 
under  the  control,  direction,  and  supervision  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state 
mining  bureau,"  approved  March  23,  1893,  together  with  all  acts  amendatory 
thereof  and  supplemental  thereto  and  all  acts  in  conflict  herewith  are  hereby 
repealed. 


116  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PETROLEUM  AND  GAS. 

Chapter  718. 

An  act  establishing  and  creating  a  department  of  the  state  mining  bureau  for  the 
protection  of  the  natural  resources  of  petroleum  and  gas  from  waste  and 
destruction  through  improper  operations  in  production;  providing  for  the 
appointment  of  a  state  oil  and  gas  supervisor ;  prescribing  his  duties  and 
powers;  fixing  his  compensation ;  providing  for  the  appointment  of  deputies  and 
employees;  providing  for  their  duties  and  compensation;  providing  for  the 
inspection  of  petroleum  and  gas  wells;  requiring  all  persons  operating  petroleum 
and  gas  wells  to  make  certain  reports;  providing  procedure  for  arbitration  of 
departmental  rulings;  creating  a  fund  for  the  purposes  of  the  act;  providing  for 
assessment  of  charges  to  be  paid  by  operators  and  providing  for  the  collection 
thereof;  and  making  an  appropriation  for  the  purposes  of  this  act. 

[Approved  June  10,   1915.] 
The  people  of  the  State  of  California  do  enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  A  separate  department  of  the  state  mining  bureau  is  hereby  estab- 
lished and  created  to  be  known  as  the  department  of  petroleum  and  gas.  Such 
department  shall  be  under  the  general  jurisdiction  of  the  state  mineralogist.  He 
shall  appoint  a  supervisor  who  shall  be  a  competent  engineer  or  geologist  experienced 
iu  the  development  and  production  of  petroleum  and  who  shall  be  designated  the 
"state  oil  and  gas  supervisor,"  and  whose  term  of  oflSce  shall  be  four  years  from 
and  after  the  date  of  his  appointment. 

Sec.  2,  For  his  services  in  the  general  supervision  of  said  department  the  state 
mineralogist  shall  receive  as  compensation  one  thousand  four  hundred  dollars  an- 
nually which  shall  be  in  addition  to  his  compensation  fixed  in  section  two  of  the 
act  of  June  16,  1913,  relating  to  the  state  mining  bureau.  The  supervisor  shall 
receive  an  annual  salary  of  four  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  and  shall  be  allowed 
his  necessary  traveling  expenses.  The  state  mineralogist  may  appoint  necessary 
clerks,  stenographers,  and  assistants,  and  prescribe  their  duties  and  fix  their  com- 
pensation, within  the  amount  limited  in  section  forty-six  hereof  and  subject  to  the 
civil  service  laws  of  the  state. 

The  additional  salary  herein  authorized  to  be  paid  to  the  state  mineralogist  and 
the  salaries  of  the  supervisor  and  of  the  deputies,  clerks,  stenographers,  assistants 
and  other  employees  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  funds  hereinafter  provided  for  at  the 
times  and  in  the  manner  that  salaries  of  other  state  officers  and  employees  are  paid. 

Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  state  oil  and  gas  supervisor  so  to  supervise  the 
drilling,  operation  and  maintenance  and  abandonment  of  petroleum  or  gas  wells  in 
the  State  of  California,  as  to  prevent,  as  far  as  possible,  damage  to  underground 
petroleum  and  gas  deposits  from  infiltrating  water  and  other  causes  and  loss  of 
petroleum  and  natural  gas. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  state  oil  and  gas  supervisor  to  appoint  not 
more  than  four  deputies  and  prescribe  their  duties,  and  fix  their  compensation. 
Such  deputies  shall  serve  during  the  pleasure  of  the  supervisor.  He  may  also 
employ  an  attorney  and  fix  his  compensation.  The  supervisor,  the  deputies,  and 
the  attorney  shall  not  be  subject  to  the  civil  service  act. 

Sec.  5.  Each  deputy  appointed  by  the  supervisor  shall  be  a  competent  engineer 
or  geologist  experienced  in  the  development  and  production  of  petroleum.  I'^ch 
deputy  shall  be  assigned  certain  districts  or  territory,  and  shall  maintain  an  oflice 
in  the  district,  convenient  of  access  to  the  petroleum  or  gas  operators  therein.  The 
office  shall  be  open  and  the  deputy  shall  be  present  at  certain  specified  t linos  which 
shall  be  i>osted  at  such  office. 

Sec.  G.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  deputy,  to  collect  all  necessary  informal  ion 
regarding  the  oil  wells  in  the  district,  with  a  view  to  determining  the  presence  and 
source  of  wal<T  in  tlic  cil  smikI.  :ni(1  lo  iii;il<.-  nil  riiMi.<  ;ui.l  oIIi.t  Mccrssorics  niMU'Ssary 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  117 

to  determine  the  presence  and  source  of  water  in  the  oil  sands.  This  work  shall  be 
done  with  the  view  to  advising  the  operators  as  to  the  best  means  of  protecting  the 
oil  and  gas  sands,  and  with  a  view  to  aiding  the  supervisor  in  ordering  tests  or 
repair  work  at  wells.     All  such  data  shall  be  kept  on  file  in  the  oflfice  of  the  deputy 

'  and  gas  supervisor  of  the  respective  district. 

Sec.  7.  The  records  of  any  and  all  operators,  when  filed  with  the  deputy  super- 
\  isor  as  hereinafter  provided,  shall  be  open  to  inspection  to  those  authorized  in 
w  liting  by  such  operators,  to  the  state  officers,  and  to  the  board  of  arbitration  here- 
inafter provided  for.  Such  records  shall  in  no  case  be  available  as  evidence  in 
court  proceedings  and  no  officer  or  employee  or  member  of  any  board  of  arbitration 
shall  be  allowed  to  give  testimony  as  to  the  contents  of  said  records,  except  at  such 
court  proceedings  as  are  hereinafter  provided  for  in  the  review  of  the  decision  of  the 
state  oil  and  gas  supervisor,  or  a  board  of  arbitration,  and  in  criminal  proceedings 
arising  out  of  such  records,  or  the  statements  upon  which  they  are  based. 

Sec.  8.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  supervisor  to  order  such  tests  or  remedial 
work  as  is  in  his  judgment  necessary  to  protect  the  petroleum  and  gas  deposits  from 
damage  by  underground  water,  to  the  best  interest  of  the  neighboring  property 
owners  and  the  public  at  large.  The  order  shall  be  in  written  form,  signed  by  the 
supervisor,  and  served  upon  the  owner  of  the  well  or  his  local  agent,  in  the  manner 
provided  in  section  eleven  hereof.  The  order  shall  specify  the  work  necessary  to 
protect  such  deposits  from  damage  from  underground  waters.  For  this  purpose 
each  operator  or  owner  shall  designate  an  agent,  giving  his  iK)st  office  address,  who 
resides  within  the  county  where  the  well  or  wells  are  located,  upon  whom  all 
orders  and  notices  provided  for  in  this  act  may  be  served. 

Sec.  9.  The  well  owner,  or  his  local  agent,  may  within  ten  days  from  date  of 
service  of  order  from  the  supervisor,  file  wath  the  supervisor,  or  his  deputy  in  the 
district  where  the  property  is  located,  a  statement  that  the  supervisor's  order  is  not 
acceptable  and  that  arbitration  of  the  subject  is  demanded. 

Sec.  10.  Arbitration  of  a  question  which  has  been  the  subject  of  an  order  by 
I  ho  supervisor  shall  be  accomplished  by  a  board  of  three  members,  as  follows:  (1) 
The  owner  of  the  well  or  his  local  agent  shall  name  one  member  who  shall  not  be 
directly  or  indirectly  interested  in  the  property,  nor  employed  in  its  operation. 
(2)  The  owners,  or  their  local  agents,  of  wells  within  a  radius  of  one  mile  from  the 
affected  well,  shall  name  one  member  of  the  arbitration  board,  who  shall  not  be 
directly  or  indirectly  interested  in  the  property  nor  employed  in  its  operation.  For 
this  purpose  the  supervisor  shall  give  written  notice  to  each  of  the  said  owners  or 
agents.  The  notice  shall  specify  the  time  and  place  of  meeting  and  the  fact  that 
it  is  for  the  puri>ose  of  choosing  an  arbitrator.  The  notice  shall  be  published  once 
in  a  newspaper  of  general  circulation,  published  in  the  county  where  the  meeting  is 
to  be  held,  and  posted  in  a  conspicuous  place  at  the  office  of  the  deputy  supervisor 
at  least  five  days  before  the  time  of  meeting,  and  a  copy  thereof  mailed  to  each  of 
such  ownei*s,  or  their  local  agents,  at  the  address  given,  at  least  five  days  before  the 
time  of  meeting.  A  majority  of  those  attending  such  meeting  shall  be  sufficient  to 
choose  such  arbitrator.  (3)  The  third  member  of  the  arbitration  board  shall  be 
chosen  by  the  other  members,  but  if  they  fail  to  choose  a  third  member  within  ten 
days  after  the  selection  of  the  first  two  members  then  such  third  member  shall  be 
chosen  by  the  state  mineralogist,  and  shall  not  be  directly  or  indirectly  interested  in 
the  property,  nor  employed  in  its  operation.  The  arbitrators  chosen  as  above 
specified  shall  each  be  paid  ten  dollars  per  day  for  each  day  of  actual  service,  not 
to  exceed  thirty  dollars  each  for  any  one  case,  upon  warrants  drawn  upon  the  repair 
fund  hereinafter  created,  and  approved  by  the  state  mineralogist.  One-half  of  the 
cost  of  arbitration  shall  be  paid  by  the  person  demanding  it  and  the  board  of 
arbitration  may,  at  its  discretion,  order  that  the  entire  cost  of  such  arbitration 
shall  be  paid  by  such  person  if  it  finds  that  such  arbitration  has  been  demanded 
needlessly  or  not  in  good  faith. 

Sec.  11.  Upon  receipt  by  the  sui>ervisor  or  deputy  supervisor  of  a  written  com- 
plaint, signed  by  one-third  of  the  individuals  or  corporations  owning  land  or  operat- 
ing wells  within  a  radius  of  one  mile  of  any  well,  or  group  of  wells,  the  supervisor 


118  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

must  make  an  investigation  of  said  well  or  wells  and  render  a  written  order  statin; 
the  work  required  to  repair  the  damage  complained  of,  or  stating  that  no  work  is 
required.  A  copy  of  such  order  must  be  delivered  to  each  of  the  complainants  and, 
if  the  supervisor  order  the  damage  rei>aired,  a  copy  of  such  order  shall  be  delivered 
to  each  of  the  owners,  or  agents,  having  in  charge  the  wells  upon  which  the  work  is 
to  be  done.  Service  of  such  copies  shall  be  by  mailing  to  such  persons  at  the  post 
office  address  given.  AVithin  ten  days. after  the  date  of  mailing  of  such  order  any 
of  such  complainants  may  demand  arbitration  of  the  matter  as  provided  in  section 
10  of  this  act.  When  said  complaint  is  made  by  a  single  party  against  a  well  or 
wells,  of  which  there  is  no  financially  responsible  owner,  the  supervisor  may  order 
the  necessarj'  repair  work,  the  expense  of  which  shall  be  a  charge  against  the  com- 
plainant collectible  as  provided  in  section  fourteen. 

Sec.  12.     In  any  proceedings  before  the  board  of  arbitration  herein  provided  for, 
the  supervisor  shall  have  the  power  to  subpoena  witnesses  and  to  administer  oaths ; 
provided,  however,  that  no  person  shall  be  required  to  attend  upon  such  subpoenas, 
either  with  or  without  books,  papers,  documents  or  accounts,  unless  residing  within 
the  same  county  or  within  thirty  miles  of  the  place  of  attendance,  but  the  supervisor 
may  in  such  a  case  cause  the  deposition  of  witnesses  residing  within  or  without  the 
state,   to  be   taken   in   the  manner  prescribed   by  law   for  like  depositions   in   civil  ; 
actions  in  the  superior  courts  of  this  state,  and   to  that  end  may  compel   the  at-  ^, 
tendance  of  witnesses  and  the  production  of  books,  papers,  and  documents  at  such  • 
places   as   he   may   designate   within   the   limits   hereinbefore   prescribed.     Witnesses 
shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  fees  and  mileage  fixed  by  law  in  civil  cases.     In  ease 
of  failure  on  the  part  of  any  person  to  comply  with  any  order  of  the  supervisor,  I 
or   any   subp<jena,    or   upon    the   refusal    of   any   witness    to   testify   to   any    matter  J 
regarding  which  he  may  lawfully  be  interrogated  before  the  board,  it  shall  be  the  ,«; 
duty  of  the  superior  court  or  the  judge  thereof,  on  application  of  the  supervisor,  to  V 
compel  obedience  in  the  same  manner,  by  contempt  proceedings  or  otherwise,   that  ;• 
such  obedience  would  be  compelled  in  a  proceeding  pending  before  the  court. 

Sec.  13.  Within  ten  days  after  hearing  the  evidence  the  arbitration  board  shall 
make  a  written  decision  ordering  such  tests  or  remedial  w^ork  as  is  deemed  necessary  -^ 
to  protect  the  oil  sands  from  damage  by  infiltrating  water.  This  written  decision  - 
shall  be  served  upon  the  owner  or  his  agent  and  shall  supersede  and  nullify  the 
previous  order  of  the  supervisor  provided  for  in  section  eight  hereof.  In  case  no 
written  decision  is  made  by  a  board  of  arbitration  within  thirty  days  after  the 
date  of  notice  by  the  supervisor,  as  provided  in  section  ten  hereof,  the  order  of  the 
supervisor  shall  be  effective  and  subject  only  to  review  by  writ  of  certiorari  from 
the  superior  court  as  provided  in  section  fourteen  hereof. 

Sec.  14.  On  or  before  thirty  days  after  the  date  of  serving  an  order  of  the  super 
visor  provided  for  in  section  eight  hereof,  or,  in  case  of  arbitration,  on  or  before 
thirty  days  after  date  of  serving  the  decision  of  the  board,  as  provided  in  sections 
twelve  and  thirteen  hereof,  the  owner  shall  commence  in  good  faith  the  work  ordered, 
and  continue  until  completion.  If  the  work  has  not  been  so  commenced  and  con- 
tinued to  completion  the  supervisor  shall  appoint  agents  as  he  deems  necessary,  who 
shall  enter  the  premises  and  perform  the  work.  Accurate  account  of  all  such 
expenditures  shall  be  kept  and  the  amount  paid  from  the  fund  hereinafter  created 
upon  the  warrant  of  the  state  controller.  Any  amounts  so  expended  shall  constitut(> 
a  lien  against  the  property  upon  which  the  work  is  done.  The  decision  of  the  board 
of  arbitration  or  of  the  supervisor  in  such  a  case  may  be  reviewed  by  writ  of 
certiorari  from  the  superior  court  of  the  county  in  which  the  disinci  is  situated,  if 
taken  within  thirty  days  after  the  signing  of  the  order.  If  no  review  is  taken  or, 
if  taken,  the  decision  of  the  board  is  affirmed,  the  lien  upon  the  property  shall  bo 
enforced  in  the  same  manner  that  other  liens  on  real  property  are  enforced  and  . 
shall  first  be  enforced  against  the  owner  of  the  well,  against  the  operator  and  against 
the  i>er»onrtl  property  and  fixtures  used  in  the  construction  or  operation  thereof,  and 
then  if  there  then  be  any  deficiency,  against  the  land  upon  which  the  work  is  done. 

Sec.  IT).  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owner  of  any  well  now  drilled,  or  that  may 
be  drilled,  in  the  State  of  California,  on  lands  producing  or  reasonably  presumed  to 
contain  petroleum  or  gas,  to  properly  case  such  well  or  wells,  with  motnl  casing,  in 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  119 

iucordauoe  with  mclhods  approved  by  the  supervisor,  and  to  use  every  effort  and 
ciidoavor  in  accordance  with  the  most  approved  methods  to  effectually  shut  off  all 
water  overlying  or  underlying  the  oil  or  gas-bearing  strata,  and  to  effectually  prevent 
any  water  from  penetrating  such  oil  or  gas-bearing  strata. 

Sec.  1G.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owner  of  any  w^ell  referred  to  in  this  act, 
Ik  fore  abandoning  the  same,  to  use  every  effort  and  endeavor  in  accordance  with 
methods  approved  by  the  supervisor,  to  shut  off  and  exclude  all  water  from  entering 
oil-bearing  strata  encountered  in  the  well.  The  owner  shall  give  written  notice  to 
ihe  supervisor,  or  his  local  deputy,  of  his  intention  to  abandon  any  well  and  the 
(late  when  such  work  of  abandonment  shall  begin.  The  notice  shall  be  given  to  the 
supervisor,  or  his  local  deputy,  at  least  fifteen  days  before  such  proposed  abandon- 
ment. The  owner  shall  furnish  the  supervisor,  or  his  deputy,  with  such  information 
a>4  he  may  request,  showing  the  condition  of  the  well  and  proposed  method  of 
abandonment.  The  supervisor,  or  his  deputy,  shall  before  the  proposed  date  of 
;il)andonment  furnish  the  owner  with  a  written  order  of  approval  of  his  proposal 
V  a  written  order  stating  what  work  will  be  necessary  before  approval,  to  abandon, 
will  be  given.  If  the  supervisor  shall  fail  within  the  specified  time  to  give  the 
I  wner  a  written  order  such  failure  shall  be  considered  as  an  approval  of  the  owner's 
roposal  to  abandon  the  well. 

Sec.  17.  The  owner  of  any  well  referred  to  in  this  act  shall,  before  commencing 
(he  work  of  drilling  an  oil  or  gas  well,  file  with  the  supervisor,  or  his  local  deputy, 
a  written  notice  of  intention  to  commence  drilling.  Such  notice  shall  also  contain 
the  following  information:  (1)  Statement  of  location  and  elevation  above  sea  level 
of  proposed  derrick  and  drill  rig.  (2)  Tlie  number  or  other  designation  by  which 
such  well  shall  be  known,  which  number  or  designation  shall  not  be  changed  after 
liliug  notice  provided  for  in  this  section,  without  the  written  consent  of  the  super- 
\  isor  being  obtained  therefor.  (3)  The  owner's  estimate  of  the  depth  of  the  point 
at  which  water  shall  be  shut  off.  (4)  The  owner's  estimate  of  the  depth  at  which 
(ill  or  gas  producing  sand  or  formation  shall  be  encountered.  The  provisions  of  this 
s-ction  shall  also  apply,  so  far  as  may  be,  to  the  deepening  or  redrilling  of  any  well. 

Skc.  1^.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owner  of  any  well  referred  to  in  this  act,  to 
k.ip  a  I  .iieful  and  accurate  log  of  the  drilling  of  such  well,  such  log  to  show  the 
clianicit'r  and  depth  of  the  formations  passed  through  or  encountered  in  the  drilling 
of  such  well,  and  particularly  to  show  the  location  and  depth  of  the  water-bearing 
strata,  together  with  the  character  of  the  water  encountered  from  time  to  time 
(so  far  as  ascertained)  and  to  show  at  what  point  such  water  was  shut  off,  if  at 
all,  and  if  not,  to  so  state  in  such  log,  and  show  completely  the  amounts,  kinds  and 
size  of  casing  used,  and  show  the  depth  at  which  oil-bearing  strata  is  encountered, 
the  depth  and  character  of  same,  and  whether  all  water  overlying  and  underlying 
such  oil-bearing  strata  was  successfully  and  permanently  shut  off  so  as  to  prevent 
the  percolation  or  penetration  into  such  oil-bearing  strata  ;  such  log  snail  be  kept  in 
the  local  office  of  the  owner  or  operator  and  subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  super- 
visor or  any  of  his  deputies  at  any  time  during  business  hours,  and  a  copy  of  said 
log  shall  be  filed  with  the  deputy  supervisor  immediately  upon  the  completion  of  said 
well  and  also  a  complete  copy  shall  be  filed  with  the  deputy  supervisor  upon  the 
completion  of  any  additional  w^ork  upon  the  well.  The  owner  of  any  well  drilled 
l)revious  to  the  enactment  of  this  act  shall  furnish  to  the  supervisor  a  complete  and 
correct  log  of  such  well,  so  far  as  may  be  possible,  together  with  a  statement  of  the 
present  condition  of  said  well. 

Sec.  19.  It  shall  be  t4ie  duty  of  the  owner  of  any  well  referred  to  in  this  act  to 
notify  the  deputy  supervisor  of  the  time  at  which  the  owner  shall  test  the  shut-off 
of  water  in  any  such  well.  Such  notice  shall  be  given  at  least  five  days  before  such 
test.  The  deputy  supervisor  shall  be  present  at  such  test  and  shall  himself  note  in 
the  log  book  the  result  thereof.  If  any  test  shall  be  unsatisfactory  to  him  he  shall 
notify  the  owner  of  that  fact. 

Sec.  20.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  o\«iy  piTson,  association  or  corporation, 
producing  oil  in  the  State  of  California,  to  file  with  the  supervisor  at  his  request 
but  not  oftener  than  once  in  each  month  a  sworn  statement  of  the  amount  of  oil 


120  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

produced,  during  the  period  indicated,  its  gravity  and  the  number  of  wells  drilling, 
producing,  idle,  or  abandoned.  This  information  shall  be  in  such  form  as  the  super- 
visor may  designate. 

Sec.  21.  Any  owner  or  operator  of  a  well  referred  to  in  this  act,  or  employee 
thereof,  who  refuses  to  permit  the  supervisor,  or  his  deputy,  to  inspect  the  same,  or 
who  wilfully  hinders  or  delays  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  and  every  person,  firm, 
or  corporation,  who  violates  any  provision  of  this  act,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor 
and  shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars,  or  by 
imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  not  less  than  thirty  days,  or  by  both  such  fine 
and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  22.  Charges  levied,  assessed  and  collected  as  hereinafter  provided  upon  the 
properties  of  every  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  operating  any  oil  well 
or  wells  for  the  production  of  petroleum  in  this  state,  or  operating  any  well  or  wells 
for  the  production  of  natural  gas  in  this  state  w^hich  gas  wells  are  situate  in 
counties  having  producing  petroleum  wells  chargeable  under  this  act,  and  on  lands 
situate  within  two  miles,  as  near  as  may  be,  of  any  petroleum  or  gas  well  the  pro- 
duction of  which  is  chargeable  under  this  act,  shall  be  used  exclusively  for  the 
support  and  maintenance  of  the  department  of  petroleum  and  gas  hereinbefore 
created,  and  shall  be  assessed  and  levied  by  the  state  mineralogist,  and  collected  in 
the  manner  hereinafter  provided. 

Sec.  23.  Every  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  operating  any  petroleum 
well  or  wells  in  this  state  shall  annually  pay  a  charge  to  the  state  treasurer  at  a 
uniform  rate  per  barrel  of  petroleum  produced  for  the  preceding  calendar  year  at 
the  time  and  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided,  based  upon  a  verified  report  as 
herein  provided. 

Sec.  24.  Every  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  operating  any  gas  well  or 
wells  in  this  state  shall  annually  pay  a  charge  to  the  state  treasurer  based  upon  the 
amount  of  gas  sold  in  the  preceding  calendar  year  at  a  fixed  rate  per  thousand 
cubic  feet,  which  rate  shall  be  based  upon  the  proportionate  benefits  resulting  to 
the  property  so  assessed  by  reason  of  the  expenditures  made  under  this  act,  in  the 
county,  in  which  each  such  well  is  located.  Said  charge  shall  be  based  upon  a 
verified  report  as  herein  provided ;  provided,  further,  that  no  charges  shall  be 
assessed,  levied,  or  collected  from  any  person,  firm,  corporation,  or  association 
operating  a  gas  well  or  wells  in  any  county  in  which  there  exist  no  producing 
petroleum  wells  to  be  assessed  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  25.  Every  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  owning  any  oil  land,  as 
determined  by  the  supervisor,  shall  annually  pay  a  charge  to  the  state  treasurer  at 
the  time  and  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided,  which  charge  shall  be  a  uniform 
rate  per  acre.  Said  charge  shall  be  based  upon  a  verified  report  as  provided  herein ; 
provided,  however,  that  such  lands  so  assessed  shall  not  be  called  upon  to  pay  more 
than  one-tenth  of  the  total  charges  or  moneys  proposed  to  be  assessed,  levied  and 
collected  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  for  any  one  year. 

Sec.  26.  The  charges  assessed,  levied  and  to  be  collected  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  be  in  addition  to  any  and  all  charges,  taxes,  assessments  or  licenses  of 
any  kind  or  nature  paid  by  or  upon  the  properties  assessed  hereunder.  2 

Sec.  27.     The  state  mineralogist  shall   annually,   on  or  before   the  first  Monday  * 
in  March,  acting  in  conjunction  with  the  state  board  of  control,  make  an  estimate  ■ 
of  the  amount  of  moneys  which  shall   be  required   to  carry  out  the   provisions  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  28.  The  state  mineralogist  shall  prescribe  the  form  and  contents  of  all 
reports  for  making  the  charge  or  other  purposes  to  carry  out  the  intent  and  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  which  form  shall  be  mailed  in  duplicate  to  the  person,  firm, 
corporation  or  association  owning  property  or  assessed  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  29.  Every  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  chargoablo  under  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  shall  within  ten  days  after  the  first  Monday  in  March  of 
each  year,  report  to  and  file  with  the  state  mineralogist,  a  report  in  such  form  as 
said  officer  may  prescribe,  givjng  any  and  all  items  of  information  as  may  he 
demanded  by  said  report,  and  necessary  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  act,  which 

?f 

,•■«■ 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  121 

r('lK)rt  shall  be  verified  by  such  pei-soii  or  officer  as  the  state  mineralogist  may 
designate. 

Sec.  30.  If  any  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  chargeable  under  the 
liovisions  of  this  act  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  furnish  the  state  mineralogist  within 
lilt'  time  prescribed  in  this  act  the  verified  report  provided  for  in  this  act,  the  state 
iniueralogist  must  note  such  failure  or  refusal  in  the  record  of  assessments  herein- 
;itler  in  this  act  provided  for,  and  must  make  an  estimate  of  the  petroleum  or  gas 
production,  or  landed  area  to  be  assessed  of  any  such  person,  firm,  corporation  or 
:i<stK'iatiou  and  must  assess  the  same  at  the  amount  thus  estimated  and  compute 
ih(>  charge  thereon,  which  assessment  and  charge  shall  be  the  assessment  and  charge 
t(  r  such  year.  And  if  in  the  succeeding  year  any  such  person,  firm,  cori>o ration  or 
iissociation  shall  again  fail  and  refuse  to  furnish  the  verified  report  required  by  this 
act,  the  state  mineralogist  shall  make  an  estimate  as  aforesaid,  which  estimate  shall 
not  be  less  than  twice  the  amount  of  the  estimate  made  by  him  for  the  previous  yesir, 
;iih1  shall  note  such  failure  or  refusal  as  above  provided,  and  the  said  estimate  so 
made  shall  be  the  assessment  or  charge  for  said  year.  In  case  of  each  succeeding 
( ousecutive  failure  or  refusal  the  said  state  mineralogist  shall  follow  the  same 
procedure  until  a  true  statement  or  report  shall  be  furnished. 

Sec.  31.  Any  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  failing  or  refusing  to  make 
and  furnish  any  report  prescribed  in  this  act  or  rendering  a  false  or  fraudulent 
r,'I>ort  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  subject  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than  three 
hundred  dollars  and  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars  for  each  such  offense. 

Sec.  32.  The  state  mineralogist  may,  for  good  cause  shown,  by  order  entered 
upon  his  minutes,  extend  for  not  exceeding  thirty  days,  the  time  fixed  in  this  act 
for  filing  any  report  herein  provided  for. 

Sec.  33.  On  or  before  the  third  Monday  before  the  first  Monday  in  July  the 
state  mineralogist  shall  determine  the  rate  or  rates  which,  when  applied  to  the 
assessments  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  produce  the  sum  necessary  to  be  raised  as 
provided  in  section  twenty-seven  of  this  act.  Within  the  same  time  the  said  state 
mineralogist  shall  extend  in  the  proper  column  of  the  record  of  assessments  herein- 
after provided  for  the  amount  of  charges  due  from  each  person,  firm,  corporation 
or  association. 

Sec.  34.  Between  the  first  Monday  in  March  and  the  third  Monday  before  the 
first  Monday  in  July  in  each  year,  the  state  mineralogist  must  assess  and  levy  the 
charges  as  and  in  the  manner  provided  for  in  this  act.  The  assessments  must  be 
made  to  the  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  owning  or  operating  the  property 
subject  to  assessment  hereunder  on  the  first  Monday  in  March.  If  the  name  of 
the  owner  is  unknown  to  the  state  mineralogist,  such  assessment  must  be  made  to 
unknown  owners.  Clerical  errors  occurring  or  appearing  in  the  name  of  any  person, 
firm,  corporation  or  association  whose  property  is  properly  assessed  and  charged,  or 
in  the  making,  or  extension  of  any  assessment  or  charge  upon  the  records,  which  do 
not  afTect  the  substantial  rights  of  the  paj'er,  shall  not  invalidate  the  assessment 
or  charge. 

Sec.  35.  The  state  mineralogist  and  the  chairman  of  the  state  bo-ard  of  control 
and  the  chairman  of  the  state  board  of  equalization  shall  constitute  a  board  of 
ii'view,  correction  and  equalization,  and  shall  have  all  the  powers  and  perform  such 
duties  as  usually  devolve  upon  a  county  board  of  equalization  under  the  provisions 
of  section  three  thousand  six  hundred  seventy-two  of  the  Political  Code.  The  state 
mineralogist  shall  act  as  secretary  of  said  board,  and  shall  keep  an  accurate  minute 
of  the  proceedings  thereof.  Said  board  of  review,  correction  and  equalization  shall 
meet  at  the  state  capitol  on  the  third  Monday  before  the  first  Monday  in  July  of 
each  year,  and  remain  in  session  from  day  to  day  until  the  first  Monday  in  July  for 
the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  section. 

Sec.  36.  On  the  third  Monday  before  the  first  Monday  in  July  of  each  year  the 
state  mineralogist  shall  cause  to  be  published  a  notice,  one  or  more  times,  in  a  daily, 
or  weekly,  or  semi-weekly  newspaper  of  general  circulation  published  in  the  counties 
of  Fresno,  Kern,  I>os  Angeles,  Orange,  Ventura  and  Santa  Barbara,  if  one  be 
published  therein,  otherwise  in  a  newspaper  of  general  circulation  published  in  the 
9 — 18655 


122  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA.  ^ 

county  nearest  to  such  county  designated  herein  in   which   no  such   paper  is  pub- 
lished, that  the  assessment  of  property  and  levy  of  charges  under  and  in  pursuance 
of  this  act  has  been  completed  and  that  the  records  of  assessments  containing  the 
charges  due  will  be  delivered  to  the  state  controller  on  the  first  Monday  in  July, 
and   that   if   any   i>erson,   firm,    corporation   or   association    is   dissatisfied   with    the  'J. 
assessment  made  or  charge  fixed  by  the  state  mineralogist,  he  or  it  may,   at  any -J; 
time  before  said  first  Monday  in  July,  apply  to  said  board  of  review,  correction  and  ; 
equalization   to  have  the  same  corrected  in  any  particular.     The  said  board   shall  £ 
have  power  at  any  time  before  said  first  Monday  in  July  to  correct  the  record  of,|- 
assessments  and  may  increase  or  decrease  any  assessment  or  charge  therein  if  in  its,^ 
judgment  the  evidence  presented  or  obtained  warrants  such  action.     Costs  of  such "'' 
publication  in  any  county  shall  be  paid  from  the  repair  fund  of  said  county. 

Sec.  37.  The  state  mineralogist  must  prepare  each  year  a  book,  in  one  or  more  ;^ 
volumes,  to  be  called  the  "Record  of  Assessments  and  Charges  for  Oil  Protection," 
in  which  must  be  entered,  either  in  writing  or  printing,  or  both  writing  and  printing,  ^ 
each  assessment  and  levy  or  charge  made  by  him  upon  the  property  provided  to  be  1 
assessed  and  charged  under  this  act,  describing  the  property  assessed,  and  such  j| 
assessments  may  be  classified  and  entered  in  such  separate  parts  of  said  record  as  ^ 
said  state  mineralogist  shall   prescribe. 

Sec.  38.     On  the  first  Monday  in  July  the  state  mineralogist  must  deliver  to  the 
state  controller  the  record  of  assessments  and  charges  for  oil  protection,  certified  to    , 
by    said    state    mineralogist,    which    certificate    shall    be    substantially    as    follows: 

"I, _ ,  state  mineralogist,  do  hereby  certify  that  between  the  first  v 

Monday  in  March  and  the  first  Monday  in  July,  19 ,  I  made  diligent  inquiry  and  I 

examination  to  ascertain  all  property  and  pei'sons,  firms,  corporations  and  associa-  1^^ 
tions  subject   to  assessment  for   the   purpose  of  oil   protection   as   required   by   the  4 

provisions  of  the  act  of  legislature  approved ,  19__,  providing  for 

the  assessment  and  collection  of  charges  for  oil  protection ;  that  I  have  faithfully 
complied  with  all  the  duties  imposed  upon  me  by  law  ;  that  I  have  not  imposed  any 
unjust  or  double  assessment  through  malice  or  ill  will,  or  otherwise  ;  nor  allowed 
any  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association,  or  property  to  escape  a  just  assessmeni 
or  charge  through  favor  or  regard,  or  otherwise." 

But  the  failure  to  subscribe  such  certificate  to  such  record  of  assessments  and 
charges  for  oil  protection,  or  any  certificate,  shall  not  in  any  manner  affect  the 
validity  of  any  assessment  or  charge. 

It  is  the  intention  of  this  act  that  in  the  assessment  of  the  lands  as  provided  in 
section  twenty-five  hereof,  and  in  carrying  such  assessments  to  the  record  of  assess 
ments  aforesaid,  the  state  mineralogist  shall  keep  within  two  miles  as  near  as  mji.\ 
be  of  producing  petroleum  or  gas  wells  as  provided  in  said  section  twenty-live  hereof. 

Sec.  39.  The  charges  levied  and  assessed  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  sh;ill 
be  due  and  payable  on  the  first  Monday  in  July  in  each  year,  and  one-half  theni  1 
shall  be  delinquent  on  the  sixth  Monday  after  the  first  Mond^ay  in  July  at  six  o'chx  k 
p.m.  and  unless  paid  prior  thereto,  fifteen  per  cent  shall  be  added  to  the  amouiii 
thereof,  and  unless  paid  prior  to  the  first  Monday  in  February  next  thereafter  :it 
six  o'clock  p.m.,  an  additional  five  per  cent  shall  be  added  to  the  amount  thereof. 
and  the  unpaid  portion,  or  the  remaining  one-half  of  said  charges  shall  becoiiw 
delinquent  on  the  first  Monday  in  February  next  succeeding  the  day.  ui)on  which 
they  become  due  and  payable,  at  six  o'clock  p.m. ;  and  if  not  paid  prior  thereto  fiv.' 
per  cent  shall  be  added  to  the  amount  thereof. 

Sec.  40.  Within  ten  days  after  the  receipt  of  the  record  of  assessments  and 
charges  for  oil  protection,  the  state  controller  must  begin  the  publication  of  a  not  it 
to  appear  daily  for  five  days,  in  one  daily  newspaper  of  general  circulation  publisln  1 
in  each  of  the  counties  of  Fresno,  Kern,  Los  Angeles,  Orange,  Ventura  and  Snin.i 
Barbara,  if  one  be  published  therein,  otherwise  for  at  least  two  times  in  a  weekly 
or  semi-weekly  paper  of  general  circulation  published  therein,  or  if  there  be  neitlur 
a  daily,  nor  weekly  nor  semi-weekly  paper  of  general  circulation  published  in  nnv 
one  of  such  counties,  then  the  publication  of  the  notice  for  such  county  slmll  1" 
made  in  a  similar  manner  in  a  newsimper  of  general  circulation  published  in  tin 
county  nearest  such  county,  specifying: 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  123 

[1)  That  he  has  received  from  the  state  mineralosiist   the  record  of  assessments 
char;;es  far  oil  protection. 

[2)  That   the  charges   therein   assessed   and   h^vied   are  due   and   payahle   on   the 
Monday   in   July   and    that   one-half   thereof   will    be   delinquent   on    the   sixth 

iday  after  the  first  Monday  in  July  at  six  o'clock  p.m.,  and  that  unless  paid  to 

state  treasurer  at  the  capitol  prior  thereto,  fifteen  per  cent  will  be  added  to  th»^ 

mnt  thereof,  and  unless  paid  prior  to  the  first  Monday  in  February  next  there- 

»r  at  six  o'clock  p.m.,  an  additional  five  per  cent  will  be  added  to  the  amount 

jsreof ;  and  that  the  remaining  one-half  of  said  charges  will  become  delinquent  on 

first  Monday  in  February  next  succeeding  the  day  uiwn  which  they  become  due 

payable,  at  six  o'clock  p.m. ;  and  if  not  paid  to  the  state  treasurer  at  the  capitol 

>r  thereto,   five  per  cent  will  be   added   to   the   amount   thereof.     Costs  of  such 

[ication  in  any  county  shall  be  paid  from  the  repair  fund  of  said  county. 

Jec.  41.     The  assessments   and  charges   levied   under   the   provisions   of   this   acr 

II  constitute  a  lien  upon  all  the  property  of  every  kind  and  nature  belonging  to 

persons,  firms,  corporations,  and  associations  and  assessed  under  the  provisions 

;of,  which  lien  shall  attach  on  the  first  Monday  in  March  of  each  year.     Every 

irge  and  assessment  herein  provided  for  has  the  effect  of  a  judgment  against  the 

son,  firm,  corporation  or  association,  and  every  lien  created  by  this  act  has  the 

;t  of  an  execution  duly  levied  against  all  property  of  the  delinquent ;  the  judg- 

it  is  not  satisfied  nor  the  lien  removed  until  such  charges,  penalties,  and  costs 

paid,  or  the  property  sold  for  the  payment  thereof. 

sc.  42.  All  charges  assessed  and  levied  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
'paid  to  the  state  treasurer  upon  the  order  of  the  state  controller.  The  con- 
•oller  must  mark  the  date  of  payment  of  any  charge  on  the  record  of  assessments 
and  charges  for  oil  protection,  and  shall  give  a  receipt  for  such  payment  in  such 
form  as  the  controller  shall  prescribe,  terrors  appearing  in  any  assessment  on  said 
record  of  assessments  or  overcharges  shall  be  corrected  by  the  controller  by  and 
with  the  consent  of  the  state  board  of  control  in  such  manner  as  said  controller 
and  said  board  shall  agree  upon. 

Sec.  43.  Any  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  claiming  and  protesting 
as  herein  provided  that  the  assessment  made  or  charges  assessed  against  him  or  it 
by  the  state  mineralogist  is  void,  in  whole  or  in  part,  may  bring  an  action  against 
the  state  treasurer  for  the  recovery  of  the  whole  or  any  part  of  such  char'ge, 
penalties,  or  costs  paid  on  such  assessment  upon  the  grounds  stated  in  said  protest, 
but  no  action  may  be  brought  later  than  the  third  Monday  in  February  next  follow- 
ing the  day  on  which  the  charges  were  due,  nor  unless  such  person,  firm,  corporation 
or  association  shall  have  filed  with  the  state  controller  at  the  time  of  payment  of 
such  charges  a  written  protest  stating  whether  the  whole  assessment  or  charge  is 
claimed  to  be  void,  or  if  a  part  only,  what  part,  and  the  grounds  upon  which  such 
claim  is  founded  ;  and  when  so  paid  under  protest  the  payment  shall  in  no  case  be 
regarded  as  voluntary. 

Whenever,  under  the  provisions  of  this  section,  an  action  is  commenced  against 
the  state  treasurer,  a  copy  of  the  complaint  and  of  the  summons  must  be  served 
upon  the  treasurer,  or  his  deputy.  At  the  time  the  treasurer  demurs  or  answers, 
he  may  demand  that  the  action  be  tried  in  the  superior  court  of  the  county  of  Sacra- 
mento, which  demand  must  be  granted.  The  attorney  general  must  defend  the 
action,  or  may  appoint  any  competent  attorney  to  so  defend,  the  expense  of  which 
employment  shall  be  paid  from  the  repair  fund  raised  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act.  The  provisions  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure  relating  to  pleadings,  proofs, 
trials,  and  appeals  are  applicable  to  the  proceedings  herein  provided  for. 

A  failure  to  begin  such  action  within  the  time  herein  specified  shall  be  a  bar 
against  the  recovery  of  such  charges.  In  any  such  action  the  court  shall  have  the 
power  to  render  judgment  for  plaintiff  for  any  part  or  portion  of  the  charge,,  penal- 
ties, or  costs  found  to  be  void  and  so  paid  by  plaintiff  upon  such  assessment. 

Sec.  44.  The  state  controller  shall,  on  or  before  the  thirtieth  day  of  May  next 
following  the  delinquency  of  any  charge  as  provided  in  this  act,  bring  an  action  in  a 
court  of  competent  jurisdiction  in  the  county  of  Sacramento  in  the  name  of  the 
people  of  the  State  of  California,  to  collect  any  delinquent  charges  or  assessments, 


124  MINERAL  INDUSTRY   OP   CALIFORNIA. 

together  with  any  penalties,  or  costs,  which  have  not  been  paid  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act  and  appearing  delinquent  upon  the  records  of  assessments 
and  charges  for  oil  protection  hereinbefore  in  this  act  provided  for. 

The  attorney  general,  or  some  competent  attorney  appointed  by  him  for  that 
purpose,  must  prosecute  such  action,  and  the  provisions  of  the  Code  of  Civil; 
Procedure  relating  to  service  of  summons,  pleadings,  proofs,  trials,  and  appeals  are 
aijplicable  to  the  proceedings  herein  provided  for.  In  such  action  a  writ  of  attach- 
ment may  be  issued,  and  no  bond  or  affidavit  previous  to  the  issuing  of  said  attach- 
ment is  required.  The  special  attorney  herein  authorized  to  be  appointed  to  prose- 
cute such  action  or  actions  shall  be  paid  from  the  repair  funds  raised  under  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Payment  of  the  charges  and  penalties,  or  amount  of  the  judgment  recovered  in 
such  action  must  be  made  to  the  state  treasurer.  In  such  actions  the  record  of 
assessment  and  charges  for  oil  protection,  or  a  copy  of  so  much  thereof  as  is  applicable 
in  said  action,  duly  certified  by  the  controller,  showing  unpaid  charges  against  any 
person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  assessed  by  the  state  mineralogist,  is  prima 
facie  evidence  of  the  assessment  upon  the  property,  the  delinquency,  the  amount  of 
charges,  penalties,  and  costs  due  and  unpaid  to  the  state,  and  that  the  person,  firm, 
corporation  or  association  is  indebted  to  the  people  of  the  State  of  California  in 
the  amount  of  charges  and  penalties  therein  appearing  unpaid,  and  that  all  the 
forms  of  law  in  relation  to  the  assessment  of  such  charges  have  been  complied  with. 

Sec.  45.  The  first  assessment  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  as  of  the 
first  Monday  in  March,  nineteen  hundred  sixteen,  and  the  reports  of  petroleum  pro- 
duction and  sales  of  gas  herein  provided  to  be  assessed  shall  be  reported  for  the 
calendar  year  ending  December  thirty-first,  nineteen  hundred  fifteen.  The  lands 
herein  provided  to  be  assessed  and  charged  shall  be  assessed  to  the  owners  thereof 
as  of  the  first  Monday  in  March,  nineteen  hundred  sixteen. 

Sec.  4G.  All  of  the  moneys  paid  to  the  state  treasurer  under  this  act  shall  be 
deijosited  to  the  credit  of  the  "oil  protection  fund"  which  is  hereby  created.  Of  the 
moneys  in  such  funds  forty-five  thousand  dollars  only,  shall  be  set  aside  as  a 
"supervision  account"  and  shall  be  available  annually  for  the  support  and  mainte- 
nance of  the  department  herein  established,  and  for  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
controller  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act.  Any  balance  remaining  in 
said  account  at  the  end  of  any  fiscal  year  shall  be  can-ied  over  and  made  a  part  of 
the  succeeding  year's  "supervision  account" ;  provided  further,  that  in  the  first 
assessment  under  this  act,  an  amount  equal  to  the  sum  appropriated  in  section  fifty- 
one  hereof,  shall  be  added  to  the  regular  supervision  account  and  also  the  amount 
of  ten  thousand  dollars  which  shall  be  available  for  providing  offices  and  equipment 
for  the  deputy  supervisors.  All  moneys  shall  be  drawn  from  such  fund,  for  the 
purpose  of  this  act,  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  controller  of  the  state,  upon 
demands  made  by  the  state  mineralogist,  and  audited  by  the  state  board  of  control. 

Sec.  47.  The  moneys  in  such  fund  shall  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the 
state  mineralogist.  All  moneys  over  and  above  the  forty-five  thousand  dollars  for 
support  and  maintenance  shall  be  available  for  the  actual  repair  of  wells  as  specified 
in  section  fourteen,  and  for  expenditures  provided  for  in  sections  thirty-six,  forty. 
forty-three  and  forty-four  of  this  act.  Moneys  collected  from  any  county  shall  Ix- 
available  for  repair  work  only  in  said  county.  Expenditure  on  repair  work,  in  any 
county,  during  one  year,  shall  not  exceed  an  amount  equal  to  twenty-five  dollars 
per  producing  oil  well  in  said  county,  but  in  no  county  shall  the  amount  exceed 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  and  the  charges  hereinbefore  provide<l  for  shall  be  so 
determined  that  such  amount  shall  be  available.  All  moneys  received  in  repayment 
for  repair  work  done  under  the  order  and  direction  of  the  supervisor,  as  hereinbofcn. 
provided,  shall  be  returned  to  the  repair  fund  of  the  county  in  which  the  work 
was  done. 

Sec.  48.  On  or  before  the  first  day  of  October  in  each  and  every  year,  the  sui)er- 
visor  shall  submit  a  report  in  writing  to  the  state  mineralogist  showing  the  total 
number  of  barrels  of  petroleum  produced  in  each  county  in  the  state  during  the 
previous  fiscal   year,   together  with   the  total   cost  for  said   year  of  supervision   as 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  125 

shown  by  the  "supervision  account"  and  the  net  amount  remaining  therein  available 
for  the  succeeding  year's  expense,  also  the  total  amount  uncollected  ;  such  report 
shall  also  show  the  total  amount  collected  in  each  county  under  the  "County  Repair 
Account"  during  such  year,  total  amount  expended  for  said  purpose,  the  total  amount 
still  outstanding  and  not  repaid,  and  the  sura  available  for  the  next  succeeding  year. 
Such  i*eport  shall  also  include  such  other  infonnation  as  the  supervisor  may  deem 
advisable.  The  state  mineralogist  shall  make  public  such  statements  promptly  after 
receipt  of  the  same  from  the  supervisor  for  the  benefit  of  all  parties  interested 
therein. 

Sec.  4D.  All  leases,  licenses  and  assignments  thereof  or  of  any  interest  therein 
for,  upon  or  concerning  lands  or  tenements  in  this  state,  whereby  a  right  is  given  or 
granted  to  operate  or  to  sink  or  drill  wells  thereon  for  petroleum  or  gas,  or  either, 
or  pertrining  thereto,  shall  be  filed  for  record  forthwith,  and  recorded  in  the  records 
(  f  the  county  recorder  of  the  county  where  the  property  is  situated  without  delay, 
;tii(l  not  be  removed  until  recorded.  No  such  lease  or  license  shall  have  any  force 
or  validity  until  it  is  filed  for  record  as  aforesaid,  except  as  between  parties  thereto, 
unless  the  person  claiming  thereunder  is  in  actual  possession. 

Sec.  50.  Whenever  the  term  "supervisor"  is  used  in  this  act  it  shall  be  taken 
\o  mean  the  "state  oil  and  gas  supervisor,"  the  term  "oil"  shall  include  "petroleum," 
the  term  "petroleum"  shall  include  "oil,"  the  term  "gas"  shall  mean  natural  gas 
toming  from  the  earth,  the  term  "operator"  shall  mean  any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion drilling,  maintaining,  operating,  pumping,  or  in  control  of  a  well  in  any  territory 
which  the  supervisor  determines  to  be  oil  or  gas  producing  territory,  the  term 
"owner"  shall  include  "operator"  when  any  oil  or  gas  well  is  operated  or  has  been 
operated  or  is  about  to  be  operated  by  any  i)€rson,  firm  or  corporation  other  than  the 
owner  thereof,  and  the  term  "operator"  shall  include  "owner"  when  any  such  well  is 
or  has  been  or  is  about  to  be  operated  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the  owner,  except 
that  all  the  provisions  of  this  act  relating  to  assessments  for  the  purposes  of  this  act 
based  upon  the  annual  production  of  oil  or  petroleum  or  sale  of  gas,  as  set  forth  in 
sections  twenty-two  to  forty-five,  inclusive  of  this  act,  shall  apply  only  to  a  person, 
firm  or  corporation  operating  an  oil  or  petroleum'  or  gas  well,  and  shall  not  apply  to 
the  owner  of  such  well  if  some  person,  firm  or  corporation,  other  than  such  owner, 
has  been  actually  operating  the  well  during  the  whole  period  for  which  such  annual 
charge  is  made,  but  in  the  event  that  the  actual  operation  of  any  such  well  changes 
hands  during  such  period,  the  charge  shall  be  apportioned  upon  the  basis  of  the  oil 
or  petroleum  or  gas  produced,  and  the  lien  provided  for  in  section  forty-one  of  this 
act  shall  ba  a  lien  against  the  property  of  each  and  all  such  operators. 

Sec.  51.  There  is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  state  treasury, 
not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  which  said  sum 
shall  be  immediately  transferred  by  the  state  controller  on  the  books  of  his  oflice 
from  the  general  fund  to  the  "oil  protection  fund"  created  by  section  forty-six  of 
this  act. 

The  above  mentioned  fund  shall  be  available  for  the  uses  of  the  state  mineralogist 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  department  of  petroleum  and  gas  and  for  the  necessary 
I  xpenses  of  the  controller  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act.  When  the 
rollections  paid  to  the  state  treasurer,  as  herein  provided,  equal  the  sum  of  thirty 
thousand  dollars  then  said  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  shall  be  re-transferred 
from  the  oil  protection  fund  to  the  general  fund.  The  moneys  received  into  the 
state  treasury  through  the  provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby  appropriated  for  the 
uses  and  purposes  herein  specified. 

Sec.  52.  If  any  section,  subsection,  sentence,  clause  or  phrase  of  this  act  is  for 
any  reason  held  to  be  unconstitutional,  such  decision  shall  not  affect  the  validity 
of  the  remaining  portions  of  this  act.  The  legislature  hereby  declares  that  it  would 
have  passed  this  act,  and  each  section,  subsection,  sentence,  clause,  and  phrase 
thereof,  irrespective  of  the  fact  that  any  one  or  more  other  sections,  subsections, 
sentences,  clauses,  or  phrases  be  declared  unconstitutional. 

Sec.  53.  This  act  shall  be  liberally  construed  to  meet  its  purposes  and  the 
supervisor  shall  have  all  powers  which  may  be  necessary  to  carry  out  the  purposes 


126  MINERAL   INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

of  this  act,  but  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  any  land  or  wells 
situated  within  the  boundaries  of  an  incorporated  city  where  the  drilling  of  oil 
wells  is  prohibited. 

Sec.  54.  That  certain  act  entitled  "An  act  to  prevent  injury  to  oil,  gas  or 
petroleum-bearing  strata  or  formations  by  the  penetration  or  infiltmtion  of  water 
therein,"  approved  March  20,  1900,  together  with  all  acts  amendatory  thereof  and 
supplemental  thereto  and  all  acts  in  conflict  herewith  are  hereby  repealed.  Nothing 
herein  shall  be  construed  as  affecting  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June  IG,  1913, 
establishing  a  state  mining  bnronu. 


TO  PREVENT  WASTING  OF  NATURAL  GAS. 

An  act  prohibiting  the  unnecessary  wasting  of  natural  gas  into  the  atmosphere: 
providing  for  the  capping  or  otherwise  closing  of  wells  from  which  natural  gas 
flows;   and    providing    penalties   for   violating   the    provisions   of  this   act. 

[Approved  March  25,  1911.] 

The   people    of    the    State    of    California,    rcprcsi  iii< d    in    si^ah     and    (is.snuhly,    do 

enact  as  follous : 

Section  1.  All  persons,  firms,  corporations  and  associations  ar<'  lui-oby  in-ohibitod 
from  wilfully  permitting  any  natural  gas  wastefully  to  escape  into  the  atmosphere. 

Sec.  2.  All  i>ersons,  firms,  corporations  or  associations  digging,  drilling,  exca- 
vating, constructing  or  owning  or  controlling  any  well  from  which  natural  gas, 
flows  shall  upon  the  abandonment  of  such  well,  cap  or  otherwise  close  the  mouth- 
of  or  entrance  to  the  same  in  such  a  manner  as  to  prevent  the  unnecessary  or 
wasteful  escape  into  the  atmosphere  of  such  natural  gas.  And  no  person,  firm, 
corporation  or  association  owning  or  controlling  land  in  which  such  well  or  wells 
are  situated  shall  wilfully  permit  natural  gas  flowing  from  such  well  or  wells,;^ 
wastefully  or  unnecessarily  to  escape  into  the  atmosphere. 

Sec.  3.  Any  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  who  shall  wilfully  violate 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  thousand  dollars 
or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  not  more  than  one  year,  or  by  both  such 
fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  4.     For  the  purposes  of  this  act  each  day  during  w-hich  natural  gas  shall 
be  wilfully  allowed  wastefully  or  unnecessarily  to  escape  into  the  atmosphere  shall  ^ 
be  deemed  a  separate  and  distinct  violation  of  this  act.  § 

Sec.  5.     All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  in  conflict  herewith  are  hereby  repealed.  f 

Sec.  6.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately.  I 


Jl 


MINING   liAW    APPENDIX.  127 


CALIFORNIA  STATUTES. 

LOCATION  OF  MINING  CLAIMS,  MILL  SITES,  AND  ASSESSMENT 

WORK. 

An  act  to  amend  the  Civil  Code  of  California  by  adding  a  new  title  thereto,  to  be 
numbered  title  X,  in  part  IV  of  division  second,  consisting  of  sections  1426,  1426a, 
1426b,  1426c,  1426d,  1426e,  1426f,  1426g,  1426h,  14261,  1426J,  1426k,  14261,  1426m, 
1426n,  14260,  1426p,  1426q,  1426r,  and  1426s,  providing  for  the  manner  of  locating 
lode  and  placer  mining  claims,  tunnel  rights,  mill  sites,  and  prescribing  the  char- 
acter and  amoimt  of  assessment  work  on  mining  claims,  and  providing  for  proofs 
of  such  work,  and  for  the  recordation  of  location  notices,  and  proof  of  labor,  and 
for  the  enforcement  of  contributions  from  delinquent  co-owners  of  mining  claims, 
and  prescribing  the  duties  of  county  recorders  respecting  the  recording  of  location 
notices  of,  and  proofs  of  labor  on,  mining  claims,  tunnel  rights,  and  mill  sites, 
and  the  fees  to  be  charged  therefor,  and  repealing  acts  in  conflict  herewith. 

[Approved  March  13,  1909.] 

le   people   of   the   State   of    California,    represented    in    senate   and    assemhhj,    do 

enact  as  folloics: 

Section  1.     Tlio  Civil  Code  of  the  State  of  California  is  hereby  amended  by  add- 
Ig  a  new  title  thereto,  to  be  numbered  title  X,  in  part  IV  of  second  division,  oon- 
jting  of  sections  1420,   1426a,   142i)6,   142Gr,   1426(7,   1426c,   1426/,   1426«7,    1426//. 
M,  1426;,  1426A-,  1426?,  1426m,   1426m,  1426o,  1426p,  1426^,  1426r,  and  1426.v, 
read  as  follows : 

§  1426.  Any  person,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  who  has  declared  his 
tention  to  become  such,  who  discovers  a  vein  or  lode  of  quartz,  or  other  rock  in 
lace  bearing  gold,  silver,  cinnabar,  lead,  tin,  copper,  or  other  valuable  deposit,  may 
ite  a  claim  upon  such  vein  or  lode,  by  defining  the  boundaries  of  the  claim,  in  the 
inner  hereinafter  described,  and  by  posting  a  notice  of  such  location,  at  the  point 
discovery,  which  notice  moist  contain  : 
First — The  name  of  the  lode  or  claim. 
Second — The  name  of  the  locator  or  locators. 

Third — The  number  of  linear  feet  claimed  in  length  along  the  course  of  the  vein, 
teach  way  from  the  point  of  discovery,  with  the  width  on  each  side  of  the  center  of 
fthe  claim,  and  the  general  course  of  the  vein  or  lode,  as  near  as  may  be. 
Fourth — The  date  of  location. 

Fifth — Such  a  description  of  the  claim  by  reference   to  some  natural   object,   or 
jpermanent  monument,  as  will  identify  the  claim  located. 

§  1426fl.     The  locator  must  define  the  boundaries  of  his  claim  so  that  they  may 
)e  readily  traced,  and  in  no  case  shall  the  claim  extend  more  than  fifteen  hundred 
»t  along  the  course  of  the  vein  or  lode,  nor  more  than  three  hundred  feet  on  either 
le  thereof,  measured  from  the  center  line  of  the  vein  at  the  surface. 
§  1426&.     Within  thirty  days  after  the  posting  of  his  notice  of  location  upon  a 
le  mining  claim,  the  locator  shall  record  a  true  copy  thereof  in  the  office  of  the 
jaunty  recorder  of  the  county  in  which  such  claim  is  situated,  for  which  service  the 
i^unty  recorder  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar. 

§  1426c.     The  location  of  a  placer  claim  shall  be  made  in  the  following  manner: 

posting  thereon,  upon  a  tree,  rock  in  place,  stone,  post  or  monument,  a  notice  of 

nation,  containing  the  name  of  the  claim,  name  of  locator  or  locators,  date  of  loca- 

^on,  number  of  feet  or  acreage  claimed,  such  a  description  of  the  claim  by  reference 

some  natural  object  or  permanent  monument  as  will  identify  the  claim  located, 

id  by  marking  the  boundaries  so  that  they  may  be  readily  traced;  provided,  that 

rhere  the  United  States  survey  has  been  extende<l  over  the  land  embraced  in  the 

location,  the  claim  may  be  taken  by  legal  subdivisions  and  no  other  reference  than 

those  of  said  survey  shall  be  required  and  the  boundaries  of  a  claim  so  located  and 

iescribed  need  not  be  staked  or  monumented.     The  description  by  legal  subdivisions 

lall  be  deemed  the  equivalent  of  marking. 

§  1426fZ.     Within   thirty  days   after   the   posting  of   the   notice   of   location   of  a 
)lacer  claim,  the  locator  shall  record  a  true  copy  thereof  in  the  office  of  the  county 


128  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

recorder  of  the  county  in  which  such  claim  is  situated,  for  which  service  the  recorder 
shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar. 

§  1426c.  The  locator  of  a  tunnel  right  or  location,  shall  locate  his  tunnel  right 
or  location  by  posting  a  notice  of  location  at  the  face  or  point  of  commencement  of 
the  tunnel,  which  must  contain : 

First — The  name  of  the  locator  or  locators. 

Second — The  date  of  the  location. 

Third — The  proposed  course  or  direction  of  the  tunnel. 

Fourth — A  description  of  the  tunnel,  with  reference  to  some  natural  object  or 
permanent  monument  as  shall  identify  the  claim  or  tunnel  right. 

§  1426/.  The  boundary  lines  of  the  tunnel  shall  be  established  by  stakes  or 
monuments  placed  along  the  lines  at  an  interval  of  not  more  than  six  hundred  feet 
from  the  face  or  point  of  commencement  of  the  tunnel  to  the  terminus  of  three 
thousand  feet  therefrom. 

§  1426fir.  Within  thirty  days  after  the  posting  of  the  notice  of  location  of  the 
tunnel  right  or  location,  the  locator  shall  record  a  true  copy  thereof,  in  the  office 
of  the  county  recorder  of  the  county  in  which  such  claim  is  situated,  for  which 
service  the  recorder  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar. 

§  1426/t.  If  at  any  time  the  locator  of  any  mining  claim  heretofore  or  here- 
after located,  or  his  assigns,  shall  apprehend  that  his  original  location  notice  was 
defective,  erroneous,  or  that  the  requirements  of  the  law  had  not  been  complied  with 
before  filing ;  or  in  case  the  original  notice  was  made  prior  to  the  passage  of  this 
act,  and  he  shall  be  desirous  of  securing  the  benefit  of  this  act,  such  locator,  or  his 
assigns,  may  file  an  additional  notice,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act ;  provided, 
that  such  amended  location  notice  does  not  interfere  with  the  existing  rights  of  others 
at  the  time  of  posting  and  filing  such  amended  location  notice,  and  no  such  amended 
location  notice  or  the  record  thereof,  shall  preclude  the  claimant,  or  claimants  from 
proving  any  such  title  as  he  or  they  may  have  held  under  previous  locations. 

§  1426i.  Where  a  locator,  or  his  assigns,  has  the  boundaries  and  corners  of  his 
claim  established  by  a  United  States  deputy  mineral  survey,  or  a  licensed  surveyor 
of  this  state,  and  his  claim  connected  with  the  corner  of  the  public  or  minor  surveys 
of  an  established  initial  point,  and  incorporates  into  the  record  of  the  claim,  the 
field  notes  of  such  survey,  and  attaches  to  and  files  with  such  location  notice  a  cer- 
tificate of  the  surveyor,  setting  forth :  first,  that  said  survey  was  actually  made  by 
him,  giving  the  date  thereof ;  second,  the  name  of  the  claim  survej'ed  and  the  location 
thereof ;  third,  that  the  description  incorporated  in  the  declaratory  statement  is 
sufficient  to  identify ;  such  survey  and  certificate  becomes  a  part  of  the  record,  and 
such  record  is  prima  facie  evidence  of  the  facts  therein  contained. 

§  1426y.  The  proprietor  of  a  vein  or  lode  claim  or  mine,  or  the  owner  of  a  quartz 
mill  or  reduction  works,  or  any  person  qualified  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States, 
may  locate  not  more  than  five  acres  of  non-mineral  land  as  a  mill  site.  Such  location 
shall  be  made  in  the  same  manner  as  hereinbefore  required  for  locating  placer  claims. 

§  1426it.  The  locator  of  a  mill  site  claim  or  location  shall,  within  thirty  days 
from  the  date  of  his  location,  record  a  true  copy  of  his  location  notice  with  the 
county  recorder  of  the  county  in  which  such  location  is  situated,  for  which  service 
the  recorder  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar. 

§  1426Z.  The  amount  of  work  done  or  improvements  made  during  each  year  to 
hold  possession  of  a  mining  claim  shall  be  that  prescribed  by  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  to  wit :  One  hundred  dollars  annually. 

§  1426w.  Whenever  [a]  mine  owner,  company,  or  cori)oration  shall  have  per- 
formed the  labor  and  made  the  improvements  required  by  law  upon  any  mining  claim. 
the  person  in  whose  Iwhalf  such  labor  was  performed  or  improvements  made,  or 
some  one  in  his  behalf,  shall  within  thirty  days  after  the  time  limited  for  perform 
ing  such  labor  or  making  such  improvements  make  and  have  recorded  by  the  county 
recorder,  in  books  kept  for  that  purpose,  in  the  county  in  which  such  mining  claim 
is  situated,  an  affidavit  setting  forth  the  value  of  labor  or  improvements  made,  the 
name  of  the  claim,  and  the  name  of  the  owner  or  claimant  of  said  claim  at  whos. 
expense  the  same  was  made  or  performed.     Such  affidavit,  or  a  copy  thereof,  duly 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  129 

tified  by  the  county  recorder,  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  the  performance  of 
h  labor  or  the  making  of  such  improvements,  or  both. 

§  142Gn.  For  recording  the  affidavit  herein  required,  the  county  recorder  shall 
it(oive  a  fee  of  fifty  cents. 

§  1426o.  Whenever  a  co-owner  or  co-owners  of  a  mining  claim  shall  give  to  a 
(1.  linquent  co-owner  or  co-owners  th€  notice  in  writing  or  notice  by  publication  pro- 
vided for  in  section  2324,  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  an  affidavit  of  the 
iK'ison  giving  such  notice,  stating  the  time,  place,  manner  of  service,  and  by  whom 
and  upon  whom  such  service  was  made,  shall  be  attached  to  a  true  copy  of  such 
notice,  and  such  notice  and  affidavit  must  be  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  county 
n  (-order,  in  books  kept  for  that  purpose,  in  the  county  in  which  the  claim  is  situated, 
within  ninety  days,  after  the  giving  of  such  notice;  for  the  recording  of  which  said 

order  shall  receive  the  same  fees  as  are  now  allowed  by  law  for  recording  deeds  ; 
if  such  notice  is  given  by  publication  in  a  newspaper,  there  shall  be  attached  to 
a  printed  copy  of  such  notice  an  affidavit  of  the  printer  or  his  foreman,  or  principal 
iltn-k  of  such  paper,  stating  the  date  of  the  first,  last  and  each  insertion  of  such 
notice  therein,  and  where  the  newspaper  was  published  during  that  time,  and  the 
name  of  such  newspaper.  Such  affidavit  and  notice  shall  be  recorded  as  aforesaid, 
hin  one  hundred  and  eighty  days  after  the  first  publication  thereof.  The  original 
such  notice  and  affidavit,  or  a  duly  certified  copy  of  the  record  thereof,  shall  be 
prima  facie  evidence  that  the  delinquent  mentioned  in  section  2324  has  failed  or 
refused  to  contribute  his  proportion  of  the  expenditure  required  by  that  section,  and 
of  the  service  of  publication  of  said  notice ;  provided,  the  writing  or  affidavit  herein- 
after provided  for  is  not  of  record.  If  such  delinqvient  shall,  within  the  ninety  days 
required  by  section  2324,  aforesaid,  contribute  to  his  co-owner  or  co-owners,  his  pro- 
portion of  such  expenditures,  and  also  all  costs  of  service  of  the  notice  required  by 
this  section,  whether  incurred  for  publication  charges,  or  otherwise,  such  co-owner 
or  co-owners  shall  sign  and  deliver  to  the  delinquent  or  delinquents  a  writing  stating 
that  the  delinquent  or  delinquents  by  name  has  within  the  time  required  by  section 

2324  aforesaid,  contributed  his  share  for  the  year ,  upon  the 

mine,  and  further  stating  therein  the  district,  county  and  state  wherein  the  same 
is  situated,  and  the  book  and  page  where  the  location  notice  is  recorded,  if  said  mine 
was  located  under  the  provisions  of  this  act ;  such  writing  shall  be  recorded  in  the 
office  of  the  county  recorder  of  said  county,  for  which  he  shall  receive  the  same  fees 
as  are  now  allow^ed  by  law  for  recording  deeds.  If  such  co-owner  or  co-owners  shall 
fail  to  sign  and  deliver  such  writing  to  the  delinquent  or  delinquents  within  twenty 
days  after  such  contribution,  the  co-owner  or  co-owners  so  failing  as  aforesaid  shall 
be  liable  to  the  penalty  of  one  hundred  dollars,  to  be  recovered  by  any  person  for 
the  use  of  the  delinquent  or  delinquents  in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction.  If 
such  co-owner  or  co-owners  fail  to  deliver  such  writing  within  said  twenty  days, 
the  delinquent,  with  two  disinterested  persons  having  personal  knowledge  of  such 
contribution,  may  make  affidavit  setting  forth  in  what  manner,  the  amount  of,  to 
whom,  and  upon  what  mine,  such  contribution  was  made.  Such  affidavit,  or  a  record 
thereof,  in  the  office  of  the  county  recorder  of  the  county  in  which  such  mine  is 
situated,  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  such  contribution. 

§  1426p.  The  record  of  any  location  of  a  mining  claims,  mill  site  or  tunnel  right, 
in  the  office  of  the  county  recorder,  as  herein  provided  shall  be  received  in  evidence, 
and  have  the  same  force  and  effect  in  the  courts  of  the  state  as  the  original  notice. 

§  1426g.  Copies  of  the  records  of  all  instruments  required  to  be  recorded  by  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  duly  certified  by  the  recorder,  in  whose  custody  such  records 
are,  may  be  read  in  evidence,  under  the  same  circumstances  and  rules  as  are  now, 
or  may  be  hereafter  provided  by  law,  for  using  copies  of  instruments  relating  to  real 
estate,  duly  executed  or  acknowledged  or  proved  and  recorded. 

§  1426r.  The  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  in  any  manner  be  construed  as 
affecting  or  abolishing  any  mining  district  or  the  rules  and  regulations  thereof  within 
the  State  of  California. 

§  142Gs.  The  failure  or  neglect  of  any  locator  of  a  mining  claim  to  perform 
development  work  of  the  character,  in  the  manner  and  within  the  time  required  by 


130  MINERAT.    INI^USTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

the  laws  of  the  Unite<l  States,  shall  disqualify  such  locators  from  relocating  the 
ground  embraced  in  the  original  location  or  mining  claim  or  any  part  thereof  under 
the  mining  laws,  within  three  years  after  the  date  of  his  original  location  and  any 
attempted  relocation  thereof  by  any  of  the  original  locators  shall  render  such  location 
\oid. 

Sec.  2.     All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  in  confli;-!    with   this  net.  nrc  licrchy  r'lH'nlcd. 

Sec.  3.     This  net  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  on  and  alter  July   1.   IJHIO. 

STATE    SCTIOOL  LANDS. 

Act    --'21    (Cciicral    r^aws).     Tliis    act   provides    that    ]>ul)lic    lands   of   ('aliforuia, 

Sees.    K;  and   :Uk  arc   oiicii    !•)   mineral   entry   under   the   usual    niinin.u    law    provisions. 

MINING  CORPORATIONS.  ^ 

An  act  to  repeal  Title  XI  of  Part  IV  of  Division  First  of  tiie  Civil  Code  and  each 
ard  every  section  of  said  title,  and  to  substitute  a  new  Title  XI  to  take  the 
place  thereof   in   said   code,   relating   to   mining   corporations. 


[Approved  March  21,  1905.] 


« 


'J'lic    people    of    the    State    of    Cu'ijOniUi,    rcprc.si  tiled    in    stnalc    mid    (tssiinhJij,    do 

(tiaci    (i.s    folleirs: 

Section  1.  Title  XI  and  I'art  iV  of  Division  First  cf  the  ('ivil  (Vde  and  each 
and  every  section  of  said  title  are  hereby  rei>ealed.  and  a  new  Title  XI  is  substit 
tuted  in  place  thereof  in  said  code,  to  read  as  follows :  •  V 

TITLE  XL  S 

MINING  CORPORATIONS. 

Sec.  586.     Transfer  agencies. 

587.  Stock  issued  at  transfer  agencies. 
587a.  Consolidation    of   mining   corporations. 

588.  Books   and   balance    sheets    to   be   kept   by   secretary.     Stockholders'    right^ 

to  inspect. 

589.  Right  of  stockholders  to  visit  mine  with  expert. 

590.  Liability  of  presidents  and  directors. 


i 


§  586,  Any  corporation  organized  in  this  state  for  the  purpose  of  mining  of 
carrying  on  mining  operations  in  or  without  this  state,  may  establish  and  niaintaii| 
agencies  in  other  states  of  the  United  States,  for  the  transfer  and  issuing  of  theifv 
stock  ;  and  a  transfer  or  issue  of  the  same  at  any  such  transfer  agency,  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  its  by-laws,  is  valid  and  binding  as  fully  and  effectually  foE 
all  purposes  as  if  made  upon  the  books  of  such  corporation  at  its  principal  office^ 
within  this  state.  The  agencies  must  be  governed  by  the  by-laws  and  the  directon| 
of  the  corporation. 

§  587.  All  stock  of  any  such  corporation,  issued  at  a  transfer  agency,  must  b«^ 
signed  by  the  president  and  secretary  of  the  corporation,  and  countersigned  at  the* 
time  of  its  issue  by  the  agent  having  charge  of  the  transfer  agency.  No  stock  must 
be  issued  at  a  transfer  agency  unless  the  certificate  of  stock,  in  lieu  of  which  the- 
same  is  issued,  is  at  the  time  surrendered  for  cancellation. 

§  587o.  It  is  lawful  for  two  or  more  corporations  formed,  or  that  may  hereafter 
be  formed,  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  for  mining  purposes,  which  own  or  poss.  -s 
mining  claims  or  lands  adjoining  each  other,  or  lying  in  the  same  vicinity,  to  (ou- 
solidate  their  capital  stock,  debts,  property,  assets  and  franchises,  in  such  manner 
and  upon  such  terms  as  may  be  agreed  upon  by  the  respective  boards  of  directors 
or  trustees  of  such  corporations  so  desiring  to  consolidate  their  interests ;  but  no 
such  consolidation  must  take  place  without  the  written  consent  of  the  stockholders 
representing  two-thirds  of  the  capital  stock  of  each  coiTwration,  and  no  such  consoli- 
dation can,  in  any  way,  relieve  such  corporations,  or  the  stockholders  thereof,  from 
any  and  all  just  liabilities;  and  in  case  of  such  consolidation,  due  notice  of  the  same 
must  be  given,  by  advertising,   for  one  month,   in   at   least   one  newspaper  in    the 


MINING   LAW    APPENDIX.  131 

( (nmty  where  the  said  mining  property  is  situated,  if  there  is  one  published  therein, 
;iii(l  also  in  one  newspaper  published  in  the  county  where  the  principal  place  of 
business  of  any  of  said  corporation  is.  And  when  the  consolidation  is  completed, 
a  certificate  thereof,  containing  the  manner  and  terms  of  such  consolidation,  must 
bo  filed  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  the  original  certificate 
of  incorporation  of  each  of  said  corporations  is  filed,  and  a  copy  thereof  must  be 
tiled  in  the  oflice  of  the  secretary  of  state ;  such  certificate  must  be  signed  by  a 
majority  of  each  board  of  trustees  or  directors  of  the  original  corporations,  and 
it  is  their  duty  to  call,  within  thirty  daj-s  after  the  filing  of  such  certificate,  a 
mooting  of  the  stockholders  of  all  of  said  corporations  so  consolidated,  to  elect  a 
board  of  trustees  or  directors  for  the  consolidated  corporation,  for  the  year  thence 
next  ensuing ;  and  to  cause  notice  of  the  time  and  place  fixed  for  such  meeting  to  be 
I  ailed  to  each  stockholder  of  each  of  such  corporations  at  his  last  known  place 
.  residence  or  business  at  least  ten  daj^  before  the  time  fixed  for  such  meeting, 
riie  said  certificate  must  also  contain  all  the  requirements  prescribed  by  section  two 
hundred  and  ninety. 

S  oSS.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  secretary  of  every  corporation  formed  for  the  purpose 
;  mining,  or  conducting  mining  in  California,  whether  such  corporation  be  formed 
and  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  California  or  of  any  other  state, 
i<  rritory,  or  foreign  country,  to  keep  at  some  place  within  the  State  of  California 
au  office  and  in  such  oflSce  to  keep  a  complete  set  of  books  showing  all  receipts  and 
.xpenditures  of  such  corporation,  the  sources  of  such  receipts,  and  the  objects  of 
such  expenditures,  and  also  all  transfers  of  stock.  All  books  and  papers  must,  at 
all  times  during  business  hours,  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  stockholder.  He 
is  entitled  to  be  accompanied  by  an  expert,  and  to  make  copies  or  extracts  from 
Miy  such  books  or  papers.  He  may,  at  reasonable  hours,  examine  such  mining 
rperty,  accompanied  by  an  expert,  take  samples,  and  make  such  other  examination 
-  he  may  deem  necessary.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  directors,  on  the  second  Monday 
lit"  each  and  every  month,  to  cause  to  be  made  an  itemized  account  or  balance  sheet 
lor  the  previous  month,  embracing  a  full  and  complete  statement  of  all  disburse- 
ments and  receipts,  showing  from  what  sources  such  receipts  w^ere  derived,  and  to 
whom  and  for  what  object  or  purpose  such  disbursements  or  payments  were  made ; 
also  all  indebtedness  or  liabilities  incurred  or  existing  at  the  time,  and  for  what 
the  same  were  incurred,  and  the  balance  of  money,  if  any,  on  hand.  Such  account 
or  balance  sheet  must  be  verified  under  oath  by  the  president  and  secretary,  and 
posted  in  some  conspicuous  place  in  the  office  of  the  company.  It  is  the  duty  of 
I  he  superintendent,  on  the  fii-st  Monday  of  each  month,  to  file  with  the  secretary 
an  itemized  account,  verified  under  oath,  showing  all  receipts  and  disbursements 
made  by  him  for  the  previous  month,  and  for  what  said  disbursements  were  made. 
Such  account  must  also  contain  a  verified  statement  showing  the  number  of  men 
employed  under  him,  and  for  what  purpose,  and  the  rate  of  wages  paid  to  each, 
lie  must  attach  to  such  account  a  full  and  complete  report,  under  oath,  of  the 
work  done  in  said  mine,  the  amount  of  ore  extracted,  from  what  part  of  mine  taken, 
I  he  amount  sent  to  mill  for  reduction,  its  assay  value,  the  amount  of  bullion  received, 
rhe  amount  of  bullion  shipped  to  the  office  of  the  company  or  elsewhere,  and  the 
amount,  if  any,  retained  by  the  superintendent.  It  is  his  duty  to  forward  to  the 
'  Ifice  of  the  company  a  full  report,  under  oath,  of  all  discoveries  of  ores  or  mineral- 
!  I'aring  quartz  made  in  said  mine,  w^hether  by  boring,  drifting,  sinking,  or  otherwise, 
uether  with  the  assay  value  thereof.  All  accounts,  reports,  and  correspondence 
I  m  the  superintendent  must  be  kept  in  some  conspicuous  place  in  the  office  of 
id  company,  open  to  the  inspection  of  all  stockholders. 

§  589.  Any  stockholder  of  a  corporation  formed  under  the  laAvs  of  this  state  for 
the  purpose  of  mining,  is  entitled  to  visit,  accompanied  by  his  expert,  and  examine 
the  mine  or  mines  owned  by  such  corporation,  and  every  i>art  thereof,  at  any  time 
he  may  see  fit ;  and  when  such  stockholder  applies  to  the  president  of  such  corpo- 
ration, he  must  immediately  cause  the  secretary  thereof  to  issue  and  deliver  to  such 
applicant  an  order,  under  the  seal  of  the  corporation,  directed  to  the  superintendent, 
commanding  him  to  show  and  exhibit  such  parts  of  said  mine  or  mines  as  the  party 


132  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

named  in  said  order  may  desire  to  visit  and  examine.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  super- 
intendent, on  receiving  such  order,  to  furnish  such  stockholder  every  facility  for 
making  a  full  and  complete  inspection  of  said  mine  or  mines,  and  of  the  workings 
therein,  and  to  accompany  said  stockholder  either  in  person,  or  to  furnish  some 
p^'rson  familiar  with  said  mine  or  mines  to  accompany  him  in  his  visit  to  and 
through  such  mine  or  mines,  and  every  part  thereof.  If  the  superintendent  fails  to 
obey  such  order,  such  stockholder  is  entitled  to  recover,  in  any  court  of  competent 
jurisdiction,  against  the  corporation,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  and  traveling 
expenses  to  and  from  the  mine,  as  liquidated  damages,  together  with  costs  of  suit. 
In  case  of  such  refusal,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  directors  of  the  corporation  forthwith 
to  remove  the  officer  so  refusing,  and  thereafter  he  must  not  be  employed  directly 
or  indirectly  by  the  corporation,  nor  must  any  salary  be  paid  to  him. 

§  590.  In  case  of  the  refusal  or  neglect  of  the  president  to  cause  to  be  issued 
by  the  secretary  the  order  mentioned  in  section  five  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  such 
stockholder  is  entitled  to  recover  against  said  president  the  sum  of  one  thousand 
dollars  and  costs,  as  provided  in  the  last  section.  If  the  directors  fail  to  have  the 
reports  and  accounts  current  made  and  posted  as  provided  in  section  five  hundred 
and  eighty-eight,  they  are  liable,  either  severally  or  jointly,  to  an  action  by  any 
stockholder  complaining  thereof,  and  on  proof  of  such  refusal  or  failure,  he  may 
recover  judgment  for  actual  damages  sustained  by  him,  with  costs  of  suit.  B^ach 
of  such  defaulting  directors  is  also  liable  to  removal  for  such  neglect. 

CORPORATION  LICENSE  TAX  LAW. 

Chapter  190. 

An   act   prescribing   terms    and    conditions    upon   ivhich    corporations    may    tramact 
business  in  this  state  and  providing  penalties  and  forfeitures  for  non-complian<  ( . 

[Approved  May  10,   1915.] 
The  people  of  the  State  of  California  do  enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  Every  corporation  organized  under  the  laws  of  another  state,  terri- 
tory, or  of  a  foreign  country,  which  is  now  doing  business  in  this  state  or  main- 
taining an  office  herein,  and  which  has  not  filed  with  the  secretary  of  state  prior  to 
the  day  on  which  this  act  takes  effect  the  document  or  documents  required  by 
section  four  hundred  and  eight  of  the  Civil  Code,  or  which  shall  hereafter  do 
business  in  this  state  or  maintain  an  office  herein,  or  which  shall  enter  this  state 
for  the  purpose  of  doing  business  herein,  must  file  in  the  office  of  the  secretary 
of  state  of  the  State  of  California  a  certified  copy  of  its  articles  of  incorporation, 
or  of  its  charter,  or  of  the  statute  or  statutes,  or  legislative,  or  executive,  or  gov- 
ernmental act  or  acts  creating  it,  in  cases  where  it  has  been  created  by  charter,  or 
statute,  or  legislative,  or  executive,  or  governmental  act,  duly  certified  by  the  secre- 
tary of  state  or  other  officer  authorized  by  the  law  of  the  jurisdiction  under  which 
such  corporation  is  formed  to  certify  such  copy,  and  must  also  file  a  certified  copy 
thereof,  duly  certified  by  the  secretary  of  state  of  this  state  in  the  office  of  the 
county  clerk  of  the  county  where  its  principal  place  of  business  in  this  state  is 
located,  and  also  where  such  corporation  owns  any  property,  and  every  such  cor- 
poration shall  pay  to  the  secretary  of  state  for  filing  in  his  office  such  certified  copy 
of  its  articles  of  incorporation,  or  of  its  charter,  or  of  the  statute  or  statutes,  or 
legislative,  or  executive,  or  governmental  act  or  acts  creating  it,  a  fee  of  seventy- 
five  dollars,  which  fee  shall  be  in  lieu  of  the  filing  fee  provided  for  in  section  four 
hundred  and  nine  of  the  Political  Code ;  provided,  that  foreign  corporations  organ- 
ized for  educational,  religious,  scientific  or  charitable  puriwses  and  having  no 
capital  stock,  shall  pay  a  fee  of  five  dollars  for  filing  the  document  or  documents 
hereinabove  required. 

Foreign  corporations  having  a  capital  stock  shall  also  file  with  the  secretary  of 
state  copies  of  any  documents  showing  an  incrt^ase  or  decrease  in  their  authorized 


J 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  133 

capital  stock,  which  documents  shall  be  certified  in  the  manner  hereinabove  required, 
but  no  fee  shall  be  paid  for  such  filing.  It  is  hereby  provided  that  every  foreign 
(■(Hl)oration  subject  to  the  tax  herein  provided  shall  file  with  the  secretary  of  state, 
at  the  time  it  tenders  payment  of  said  tax  and  any  penalty  which  has  accrued, 
an  affidavit  sworn  to  by  its  president  or  secretary,  showing  the  amount  of  its 
authorized  capital  stock  on  the  first  day  of  January  of  the  year  in  which  said  i>ay- 
luent  is  made,  and  in  the  event  that  such  authorized  capital  stock,  as  shown  by 
such  affidavit,  differs  from  the  amount  of  such  capital  stock  as  api>ears  from  the 
records  of  the  secretary  of  state,  then  the  tax  herein  provided  shall  be  measured  by 
the  amount  shown  in  such  affidavit,  but  in  such  event  the  license  herein  required 
shall  not  be  issued  nor  shall  the  amount  so  tendered  be  accepted  until  copies  of  any 
documents  relating  to  sucli  change  in  authorized  capital  stock,  certified  as  re<iuired 
by  this  section,  shall  have  been  filed  with  the  secretary  of  state.  If  such  cor- 
poration shall  neglect  to  file  such  copy  or  copies  before  the  hour  of  six  o'clock  p.m. 
of  the  first  Monday  of  February  of  the  year  for  which  the  license  must  be  procured, 
it  shall  suffer  the  penalty  for  the  delinquency  herein  provided  and  if  it  shall  neglect 
to  make  such  filing  before  the  hour  of  six  o'clock  p.m.  of  the  Saturday  preceding 
the  first  Monday  in  March  of  such  year,  it  shall  suffer  the  forfeiture  provided  in 
section  seven  of  this  act ;  provided,  hoivever,  that  any  foreign  corporation  which,  prior 
to  the  eighth  day  of  March,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  shall  have  complied  with  the 
provisions  of  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  amend  'An  act  in  relation  to  foreign 
corporations,'  approved  April  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,"  approved 
March  seventeenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-nine,  shall,  in  lieu  of  the  provisions 
of  this  section  above  set  forth,  file  the  affidavit  herein  required  and  the  license  tax 
due  from  such  corporation  shall  be  measured  by  the  authorized  capital  stock,  as 
shown  thereby. 

Sec.  2.  Upon  filing  in  the  oflSce  of  the  secretary  of  state  the  certified  copy  of 
articles  of  incori)oration  of  corporations  organized  under  the  laws  of  this  state, 
there  shall  be  paid  to  the  secretary  of  state  the  fees  prescribed  therefor  by  section 
four  hundred  and  nine  of  the  Political  Code. 

Sec.  3.  No  corporation  heretofore  or  hereafter  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
this  state,  or  of  any  other  state,  territory,  or  foreign  country,  shall  do  or  attempt  to 
do  any  intrastate  business  within  this  state  by  virtue  of  its  charter,  or  certificate 
of  incorporation,  without  a  state  license  therefor. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  corporation  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
this  state,  and  of  every  corporation  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  any  other  state, 
territory,  or  foreign  country,  now  doing  intrastate  business  within  this  state,  or 
which  shall  hereafter  engage  in  intrastate  business  in  this  state,  to  procure  annually 
from  the  secretary  of  state  a  license  authorizing  the  transaction  of  such  business  in 
this  state,  and  to  pay  therefor  the  license  tax  prescribed  herein. 

For  the  purpose  of  measuring  said  tax  the  secretary  of  state  shall  examine  all 
articles  of  incorporation  and  all  documents  on  file  in  his  office  relating  to  an  increase 
or  decrease  in  the  authorized  capital  stock  of  corporations  which  are  subject  to  said 
tax,  and  determine  the  amount  due  from  each  corporation  by  the  following  rule : 

When  the  authorized  capital  stock  of  the  corporation  does  not  exceed  ten  thousand 
dollars  ($10,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  ten  dollars  ($10.00)  ;  when  the  authorized 
capital  stock  exceeds  ten  thousand  dollars  ($10,000.00)  but  does  not  exceed  twenty 
thousand  dollars  ($20,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  fifteen  dollars  ($15.00)  ;  when  the 
authorized  capital  stock  exceeds  twenty  thousand  dollars  ($20,000.00)  but  docs 
not  exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars  ($50,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  twenty  dollars 
($20.00)  ;  when  the  authorized  capital  stock  exceeds  fifty  thousand  dollars 
($50,000.00)  but  does  not  exceed  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  ($100,000.00) 
the  tax  shall  be  twenty-five  dollars  ($25.00)  ;  when  the  authorized  capital  stock 
exceeds  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  ( $100,000. (X))  but  does  not  exceed  two 
luindred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  ($250,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  fifty  dollars 
($50.00)  ;  when  the  authorized  capital  stock  exceeds  two  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  dollars  ($250,000.00),  but  does  not  exceed  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars    ($500,000.00)    the    tax    shall    be   seventy-five    dollars    ($75.00)  ;    when    the 


134  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

authorized  capital  stock  exceeds  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  (.$500,000.00)  but 
does  not  exceed  one  million  dollars  ($1,000,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  one  hundred 
dollars  ($100.00)  ;  when  the  .uitliorized  capital  stock  exceeds  one  million  dollars 
($1,000,000.00)  but  does  nut  (-xcc d  three  million  dollars  ($3,000,000.00)  the  tax 
shall  be  two  hundred  dollars  ($200,00)  ;  when  the  authorized  capital  stock  exceeds 
three  million  dollars  ($3,000,000.00)  but  does  not  exceed  five  million  dollars 
($5,000,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  ($350.00)  ;  when 
the  authorized  capital  stock  exceeds  five  million  dollars  ($5,000,000.00)  but  do^s 
not  exceed  seven  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  ($7,500,000.00)  the  tax  shall 
be  five  hundred  fifty  dollars  ($550.00)  ;  when  the  authorized  capital  stock  exceeds 
seven  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  ($7,500,000.00)  but  does  not  exceed 
ten  million  dollars  ($10,000,000.00)  the  tax  shall  be  eight  hundred  dollars  ($800.00)  : 
when  the  authorized  capital  stock  exceeds  ten  million  dollars  ($10,000,000.00)  the 
tax  shall  be  one  thousand  dollars  ($1,000.00).  All  corporations  having  no  capital 
stock,  but  organized  for  profit,  shall  pay  an  annual  tax  of  ten  dollars  ($10.00). 
Said  license  tax  shall  be  due  and  payable  to  the  secretary  of  state  on  the  first  day 
of  January  of  each  and  every  year.  Such  license  tax  shall  be  paid  on  or  before  the 
hour  of  six  o'clock  p.m.  of  the  first  Monday  of  February  of  each  year  and  if  not 
so  paid  shall  at  said  hour  become  delinquent  and  there  shall  thereupon  be  added 
thereto  as  a  penalty  for  such  delinquency  the  sum  of  ten  dollars   ($10.00). 

Sec.  5.  The  license  hereby  provided  authorizes  the  corporation  holding  the  same 
to  transact  intrastate  business  in  this  state  during  the  year  or  any  fractional  part 
of  such  year  for  which  such  license  is  issued.  "Year,"  within  the  meaning  of  this 
act,  means  from  and  including  the  first  day  of  January  to  and  including  the 
thirty-first  day  of  December  next  thereafter. 

Sec.  6.  At  the  time  of  filing  any  certified  copy  of  articles  of  incorporation,  or 
charter,  or  statute  or  statutes,  or  legislative,  or  executive  or  governmental  act  or  acts 
creating  a  corporation,  when  filed  between  the  first  day  of  January  and  the  thirty- 
first  day  of  December,  inclusive,  in  any  year,  there  shall  be  paid  to  the  secretary  of 
state,  in  addition  to  all  other  fees  required  by  law,  that  proportion  of  the  license 
tax  specified  in  section  four  of  this  act  which  the  unexpired  number  of  months  of 
such  year  bears  to  the  entire  year  including  the  month  in  which  such  filing  occurs, 
and  thereupon  the  secretary  of  state  shall  issue  a  license  for  such  fractional  part 
of  the  then  current  year. 

Sec.  7.  At  the  hour  of  six  o'clock  p.m.  of  the  Saturday  preceding  the  first 
Monday  in  March  of  each  year  the  charters  of  all  corporations  organized  under  the 
laws  of  this  state  and  which  have  failed  to  pay  the  license  tax  and  penalty  jur- 
scribed  by  section  four  of  this  act  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  State  of  California,  and 
the  right  of  all  foreign  corporations  to  do  intrastate  business  in  this  state,  which 
have  failed  to  pay  said  license  tax  and  penalties  shall  be  likewise  forfeited. 

Sec.  8.  Educational,  religious,  scientific  and  charitable  corporations,  corporations 
which  are  not  organized  for  profit,  and  corporations  doing  solely  an  intorstnte 
business  and  those  corporations  enumerated  in  subdivisions  (a),  (6)  and  (<  i  oi' 
section  fourteen  of  article  XIII  of  the  constitution  are  exempt  from  the  payiuiut  of 
the  tax  provided  by  this  act. 

Sec.  9.  Any  corporation  claiming  exemption  from  the  payment  of  said  annual 
license  tax  must  file  with  the  secretary  of  state  at  least  sixty  days  before  such  tax 
becomes  due  and  payable  a  written  protest  in  which  it  shall  set  forth  all  facts 
and  reasons  upon  which  such  exemption  claim  is  made,  sworn  to  by  the  president 
and  secretary  or  general  manager  of  such  corporation.  Failure  to  protest  in  the 
manner  and  within  the  time  herein  prescribed  shall  constitute  a  waiver  of  all  rights 
of  exemption  from  said  tax.  Such  corporation  shall  furnish  under  oath  such  other 
proof  as  the  secretary  of  state  may  require  or  demand.  All  evidence  and  i^roofs 
submitted  upon  such  claim  of  exemption  shall  be  submitted  by  the  secretary  of 
state  to  the  board  of  control  and  state  controller,  and  said  officers  shall  thereupon 
determine  the  question  of  such  corporation's  claim  of  exemption.  The  determina- 
tion of  said  officers  ujwn  all  questions  of  fact  shall  be  final  and  conclusive ;  provided, 
however,  that  at  the  time  of  filing  a  certifiiHl  copy  of  the  articles  of  incorporation 
of  any  domestic  conx>ration  in  the  offic*e  of  the  secretary  of  state,  and  at  the  time  a 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  135 

fdioign  corporation  files  with  the  secretary  of  state  the  document  or  documents 
loquired  by  section  one  of  this  act,  the  secretary  of  state  shall  determine  whether 
such  corporation  is  exempt  as  an  educational,  religious,  scientific,  or  charitable 
corporation  or  as  a  non-profit  corporation  or  as  one  of  the  corporations  enumerated 
in  subdivisions  (a),  (h)  and  (c)  of  section  fourteen  of  article  XIII  of  the  constitu- 
tion. 

Sec.  10.  If  the  license  tax  and  penalties  for  delinquency  required  to  be  paid  by 
section  four  of  this  act  are  not  paid  within  the  time  herein  required,  the  secretary 
of  state  shall  on  the  Saturday  preceding  the  first  Monday  in  March,  and  at  six 
o'clock  p.m.  of  said  day,  enter  upon  the  record  of  corporations  in  his  office  against 
the  name  of  any  company  so  failing  to  pay  said  license  tax  and  penalty  the  words 
"charter  forfeited  to  the  state,*'  if  the  corporation  be  a  domestic  corporation,  and 
thereupon  said  charter  shall  be  ipso  facto  so  forfeited,  and  the  words  "right  to  do 
intrastate  business  forfeited"  if  the  corporation  be  a  foreign  corporation,  and  there- 
upon said  right  to  do  intrastate  business  in  this  state  shall  be  ipso  facto  so  forfeited. 

Sec.  11.  On  or  before  the  first  Monday  of  April  of  each  year  the  secretary  of 
state  shall  make  a  list  of  all  domestic  corporations  whose  charters  have  been  so 
forfeited,  and  of  all  foreign  corporations  whose  right  to  do  intrastate  business  in 
this  state  has  been  so  forfeited  or  which  have  surrendered  their  right  to  do  intrastate 
business  in  this  state  as  provided  in  section  fifteen  of  this  act,  and  shall  transmit  a 
certified  copy  thereof  to  each  county  clerk  in  this  state,  who  shall  file  the  same 
in  his   office. 

Sec.  12.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  corporation,  either  domestic  or  foreign, 
A  hich  has  not  paid  the  license  tax,  as  in  this  act  prescribed,  to  exercise  the  powers 

such  corporation,  or  to  transact  any  intrastate  business  in  this  state,  after  six 

lock  p.m.  of  the  Saturday  preceding  the  first  Monday  in  March  next  following 
I  he  delinquency.  Each  and  every  person  who  exercises  any  of  the  powers  of  a 
r.  rporation  which  has  forfeited  its  charter  or  right  to  do  intrastate  business  in 
:his  state,  or  who  transacts  any  business  for  or  in  behalf  of  such  corporation,  after 
-uch  forfeiture,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall 
punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  exceeding  one 
lousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  not  less  than  fifty  days  or 
more  than  five  hundred  days,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  13.  In  all  cases  of  forfeiture  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  directors 
i>v  managers  in  office  of  the  affairs  of  any  domestic  corporation,  whose  charter  may 
iM'  SO  forfeited,  or  of  any  foreign  corporation  whose  right  to  do  business  in  this  state 

ly  be  so  forfeited,  are  deemed  to  be  trustees  of  the  corporation  and  stockholders 
members  of  the  corporation  whose  power  or  right  to  do  business  is  forfeited  and 
have  full  power  to  settle  the  affairs  of  the  corporation  and  to  maintain  or  defend 
any  action  or  proceeding  then  pending  in  behalf  of  or  against  any  of  said  corix)ra- 
lii  ns,  or  to  take  such  legal  proceedings  as  may  be  necessary  to  fully  settle  the  affairs 
if  said  corporation,  and  such  directors  or  managers,  as  such  trustees,  may  be  sued 
ill  any  of  the  courts  of  this  state  by  any  person  having  a  claim  against  any  of  said 
•  orporations ;  provided,  always,  that  no  action  pending  against  any  corporation  shall 
abate  thereby,  but  may  be  prosecuted  to  final  judgment  and  may  be  enforced  by 
'xecution  with  the  same  force  and  effect  and  in  like  manner  as  though  no  forfeiture 
Iiad  occurred  ;  and  provided,  further,  that  where  judgment  has  been  entered  against 
any  coriwration  prior  to  forfeiture  under  this  act,  that  notwithstanding,  execution 
may  be  issued  thereon  and  the  property  of  said  coriioration,  or  that  may  come  into 
the  hands  of  any  tnistees  for  it  may  be  levied  vipon,  seized  and  sold  to  satisfy  the 
same  with  like  force  and  effect  as  though  such  forfeiture  had  not  occurred. 

Sec.  14.  Any  domestic  corporation  which  suffers  the  forfeiture  prescribed  by 
this  act,  may  pay  to  the  secretary  of  state  all  taxes  and  penalties  which  shall  have 
accrued  prior  to  such  forfeiture,  and  all  taxes  and  penalties  which  would  have 
accrued  if  such  forfeiture  had  not  occurred ;  and  shall  file  an  application  with  the 
<"cretary   of  state  for  the  restoration   of   its   charter,    which   application   must   set 

1  th  the  names  of  the  persons  who  became  trustees  upon  such  forfeiture,  under  the 
provisions  of  section  thirteen  of  this  act.  niul  shall  be  signed  by  all  of  said  persons  then 
surviving,  and  acknowledged  by  tach  (  i   s.iid   pcix  ns  h-fore  an  officer  auihori/.cd  by 


136  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

the  laws  of  this  state  to  take  acknowledgments  of  conveyances  of  real  property; 
whereupon  such  corporation  shall  be  restored  to  its  former  corporate  status  and  the 
secretary  of  state  shall  issue  to  such  corporation  a  license  entitling  it  to  transact 
intrastate  business  in  this  state  during  the  year  in  which  such  license  is  issued ; 
provided,  however,  that  no  corporation  organized  under  the  laws  of  this  state  which 
suffers  such  forfeiture  shall  be  relieved  from  the  effect  thereof,  nor  shall  such 
license  be  issued,  in  the  event  that  subsequent  to  the  date  of  forfeiture  its  corporate 
name,  or  a  name  so  closely  resembling  said  name  as  will  tend  to  deceive,  has  been 
adopted  and  is  in  use  by  another  domestic  corporation. 

Any  foreign  corporation  which  suffers  a  forfeiture  of  its  right  to  do  intrastate 
business  in  this  state,  may  pay  to  the  secretary  of  state  all  taxes  and  penalties  which 
shall  have  accrued  prior  to  such  forfeiture,  and  all  taxes  and  penalties  which  would 
have  accrued  if  such  forfeiture  had  not  occurred,  and  shall  file  with  the  secretary  of 
state  its  application  for  a  restoration  of  its  right  to  do  intrastate  business,  and 
copies  of  any  documents  increasing  or  decreasing  its  capital  stock,  certified  as  here- 
inbefore provided,  together  with  an  affidavit  by  its  president  or  secretary,  setting 
forth  the  amount  of  its  authorized  capital  stock  on  the  first  day  of  January  of  the 
year  in  which  said  application  is  presented,  and  the  taxes  which  w^ould  have  accrued 
after  the  date  of  such  forfeiture  shall  be  measured  by  the  authorized  capital  stock,  as 
shown  by  such  copies  and  affidavits  ;  whereupon  such  corporation  shall  be  restored 
to  its  former  corporate  status  and  the  secretary  of  state  shall  issue  to  such  corpora- 
tion a  license  entitling  it  to  do  intrastate  business  in  this  state  during  the  year  in 
which  such  license  is  issued. 

Any  domestic  corporation  which  has  heretofore  suffered  a  forfeiture  of  its  charter 
under  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  relating  to  revenue  and  taxation, 
providing  for  a  license  tax  upon  corporations  and  making  an  appropriation  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  out  the  objects  of  this  act,"  approved  March  20,  1905,  or  under 
the  provisions  of  any  act  amendatory  thereof,  may  be  restored  to  its  former  cor- 
porate status,  subject  to  and  upon  complying  with  the  conditions  hereinabove 
provided  for  the  reinstatement  of  domestic  corporations  which  suffer  the  forfeiture 
prescribed  by  this  act,  and  in  addition  thereto,  upon  payment  of  the  taxes  and 
penalties  which  would  have  accrued  under  said  act  of  1905,  or  any  of  the  acts 
amendatory  thereof,  if  such  forfeiture  had  not  occurred. 

Any  foreign  corporation  which  has  suffered  a  forfeiture  of  its  right  to  do  business 
in  this  state  under  the  provisions  of  said  act  of  1905,  or  any  act  amendatory  thereof, 
may  be  relieved  from  the  effect  thereof  and  resume  an  intrastate  business  in  this 
state  upon  filing  with  the  secretary  of  state  an  affidavit  by  its  president  or  secretary, 
setting  forth  the  amount  of  its  capital  stock  at  time  of  taking  effect  of  this  act,  and 
stating  any  subsequent  changes  in  said  authorized  capital  stock,  and  the  dates  on 
which  such  changes  became  effective,  and  shall  pay  to  the  secretary  of  state  all  taxes 
and  penalties  which  would  have  accrued  under  said  act  of  1905,  or  under  any  of  the 
acts  amendatory  thereof  if  such  forfeiture  had  not  occurred,  and  the  taxes  and 
penalties  which  would  have  accrued  under  the  provisions  of  this  act ;  wherouiwn 
such  corporation  shall  be  restored  to  its  former  corporate  status  and  the  secretary 
of  state  shall  issue  to  such  corporation  a  license  entitling  it  to  do  intrastate  busi- 
ness in  this  state  during  the  year  for  which  the, license  is  issued.  And  the  secretary 
of  state  shall,  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  of  April  of  each  year,  make  a  list  of 
the  corporations,  both  foreign  and  domestic,  so  paying,  and  of  the  foreign  corporations 
which  have  resumed  the  transaction  of  intrastate  business  in  this  state,  as  provided 
in  section  fifteen  of  this  act,  and  shall  transmit  a  certified  copy  of  said  list  to  each 
county  clerk  in  this  state,  who  shall  file  rhe  same  in  his  office ;  provided,  the 
rehabilitation  of  any  such  corporation  by  reason  of  making  such  payments  shall  be 
without  prejudice  to  any  action,  defense,  or  right  which  accrued  by  reason  of  the 
original  forfeiture. 

Sec.  15.  Any  foreign  corpomticn  may  surrender  its  right  to  engage  in  inlrn- 
Btate  business  in  this  stalo  by  liliim  ;i  stipulation  with  the  secretary  of  si.itc.  in 
which  it  shall  agree  that  it  will  w\  ir.tnsact  such  business  at  any  lim.'  liinr.ifi.r 
without  first  obtaining  from  ilic  -<"rni;,iy  of  slate  a  license  anthorizint;  (lie  n'suMip- 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  137 

tian  of  such  business,  as  hereinafter  provided.  Upon  the  filing  of  such  stipulation 
and  upon  the  payment  of  any  tax  or  penalty  then  due,  said  corporation  shall  be' 
exempt  from  the  payment  of  the  tax  provided  in  this  act.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for 
any  such  corporation  to  exercise  its  corporate  powers  in  transacting  any  intrastate 
business  in  this  state  after  the  filing  of  such  stipulation.  Each  and  every  person 
who  exercises  any  of  the  powers  of  such  corporation  in  the  transaction  of  intrastate 
business  or  who  transacts  any  intrastate  business  for  or  in  behalf  of  such  corporation 
after  such  filing  shall  be  subject  to  penalties  prescribed  by  section  twelve  of  this  act. 

Any  such  corporation  may  resume  the  transaction  of  intrastate  business  in  this 
state  at  any  time  thereafter  upon  filing  its  application  for  a  license  therefor  with 
the  secretary  of  state  and  an  affidavit  by  its  president  or  secretary  setting  forth  the 
amount  of  its  authorized  capital  stock,  and  copies  of  any  documents  increasing  or 
diminishing  such  capital  stock,  which  copies  shall  be  certified  as  herein  provided, 
and  upon  paying  a  tax  for  the  unexpired  portion  of  the  year  which  shall  be  measured 
by  its  authorized  capital  stock  and  which  shall  be  that  portion  of  the  license  tax 
specified  in  section  four  of  this  act  which  the  unexpired  number  of  months  of  such 
year,  including  the  month  in  which  such  license  is  issued,  bears  to  the  entire  year. 

Sec.  16.  Any  false  statement  contained  in  any  of  the  affidavits  herein  required 
shall  constitute  perjury,  and  shall  be  punishable  as  such. 

Sec.  17.  All  moneys  herein  required  to  be  paid  shall,  upon  collection  by  the 
secretary  of  state,  be  immediately  paid  by  him^  into  the  state  treasury. 

Sec.  is.  Nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  as  affecting  or  repealing  any 
statute  of  this  state  respecting  the  assessment  of  franchises  and  levying  of  taxes 
thereon. 

Sec.  10.  The  provisions  of  this  act  in  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  payment  of 
the  license  tax  provided  for  in  section  four  of  this  act  shall  take  effect  on  the  first 
day  of  January,  1016,  and  as  to  all  other  provisions  this  act  shall  take  effect  ninety 
daj-s  after  final  adjournment  of  the  forty-first  session  of  the  legislature. 

PROTECTION    OF    STOCKHOLDERS. 

An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  protect  stockholders  and  persons  dealing 
with  corporations  in  this  state,"  approved  March  29,  1878,  and  all  acts  amendatory 
thereof,   and   to   repeal   all    laws   in   conflict  therewith. 

[Approved  March  22,  1905.] 

Thr   proplr   of   the   State   of    California,    represented   in   senate   and   asscnihly,    do 

enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  Any  superintendent,  director,  secretary,  manager,  agent,  or  other 
officer,  of  any  corporation  formed  or  existing  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  or  trans- 
acting business  in  the  same,  and  any  person  pretending  or  holding  himself  out  as 
such  superintendent,  director,  secretary,  manager,  agent,  or  other  officer,  who  shall 
wilfully  subscribe,  sign,  endorse,  verify,  or  otherwise  assent  to  the  publication,  either 
generally  or  privately,  to  the  stockholders  or  other  persons  dealing  with  such  corpora- 
tion, or  its  stock,  any  untrue  or  wilfully  and  fraudulently  exaggerated  report, 
prospectus,  account,  statement  of  operations,  values,  business,  profits,  expenditures 
or  prospects,  or  other  paper  or  document  intended  to  produce  or  give,  or  having 
;i  tendency  to  produce  or  give,  to  the  shares  of  stock  in  such  corporation  a  greater 

ilue  or  less  apparent  or  market  value  than  they  really  possess,  or  with  the  intention 

I  defrauding  any  particular  person  or  persons,  or  the  public,  or  persons  generally, 

shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony,  and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by 

imprisonment  in  state  prison  or  a  county  jail  not  exceeding  two  years,  or  by  fine 

not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  or  by  both. 

Sec.  2.     All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  in  conflict  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

CIVIL  CODE. 

^§  300.  The  directors  of  corporations  must  not  make  dividends,  except  from  the 
)lus  profits  arising  from  the  business  thereof ;  nor  must  they  create  any  debts 
>nd  their  subscribed  capital  stock ;   nor  must  they  divide,  withdraw  or  pay  to 


138  MINERAT.    INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

the  stockhoklors,  or  iiny  of  tluMii.  niiy  i)nrt  of  tlio  capital  stock,  exoopi  as  lioreinaflor 
provided,  nor  reduce  (u-  incn-asc  the  ca]!!!.-',!  stock,  except  as  herein  si)ccinlly  provided. 
FV)r  a  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  section,  the  directors  nndei-  whoso  adminis- 
tration the  same  may  have  happened  (except  those  who  may  hnve  caused  their 
dissent  therefrom  to  be  entered  at  large  on  the  minutes  of  the  directors  at  the  time, 
or  were  not  present  when  the  same  did  happen)  are,  in  their  individual  or  private 
capacity,  jointly  and  severally  liable  to  the  corporation,  and  to  the  creditors  thereof, 
to  the  full  amount  of  the  capital  stock  so  divided,  withdrawn,  paid  out,  or  reduced, 
or  debt  contracted  ;  and  no  statute  of  limitation  is  a  bar  to  any  suit  against  such 
directors  for  any  sums  for  which  they  are  liable  by  this  section;  provided,  hoioevcr, 
that  where  a  corporation  has  been  heretofore  or  may  hereafter  be  formed  for  the 
purpose,  among  other  things,  of  acquiring,  holding,  and  selling  real  estate,  water, 
and  water  rights,  the  directors  of  such  corporation  may,  with  the  consent  of  stock- 
holders representing  two-thirds  of  the  capital  stock  thereof,  given  at  a  meeting 
called  for  that  purpose,  divide  among  the  stockholders  the  land,  water  or  water 
rights  so  by  such  corporation  held,  in  the  proportions  to  which  tluMr  holdiniis  of  such 
sto<*k  at  the  time  of  such  division  entitled  them.  All  conveyances  made  by  the 
corporation  in  pursuance  of  this  section  must  be  made  and  received  subject  to  the 
debts  of  such  corporation  existing  at  the  date  of  the  conveyance  thereof.  Nothing 
herein  prohibits  a  division  and  distribution  of  the  capital  stock  of  any  corporation 
which  remains  after  the  payment  of  all  its  debts,  upon  its  dissolution,  or  the 
expiration  of  its  term  of  existence. 

PENAL  CODE. 

§  5G0.  Every  director  of  any  stock  corporation  who  concurs  in  any  vote  or  act 
of  the  directors  of  such  corporation  or  any  of  them,  by  which  it  is  intended,  either — 

1.  To  make  any  dividend,  except  from  the  surplus  profits  arising  from  the  business 
of  the  corporation,  and  in  the  cases  and  manner  allowed  by  law  ;  or, 

2.  To  provide,  withdraw,  or  in  any  manner,  except  as  provided  by  law,  pay  to 
the  stockholders,  or  any  of  them,  any  part  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation ;  or. 

3.  To  discount  or  receive  any  note  or  other  evidence  of  debt  in  payment  of  any 
installment  actually  called  in  and  required  to  be  paid,  or  with  the  intent  to  provide 
the  means  of  making  such  payment ;  or, 

4.  To  receive  or  discount  any  note  or  other  evidence  of  debt,  with  the  intent  W 
enable  any  stockholder  to  withdraw  any  part  of  the  money  paid  in  by  him,  or  hU 
stock  ;  or,  '^ 

5.  To  receive  from  any  other  stock  corporation,  in  exchange  for  the  shares,  note^' 
bonds,  or  other  evidences  of  debt  of  their  own  corporation,  shares  of  the  capita^ 
stock  of  such  other  corporation,  or  notes,  bonds,  or  other  evidence  of  debt  issued  by 

such  other  corporation^is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor.  : 

■i 

THE  RIGHT  OF  EMINENT  DOMAIN.  ^ 

An  act  to  amend  section  twelve  hundred  and  thirty-eight  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure, relating  to  the  purposes  for  which  the  right  of  eminent  domain  may  be 
exercised,   and    repealing   all    acts  and   parts   of  acts    in    conflict   with   this   act. 

[Approved  April  28,   1911.] 

Skction  1.  Section  twelve  hundred  and  thirty-eight  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows : 

§  12:58.  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  title,  the  right  of  eminent  domain  may 
be  exercised  in  behalf  of  the  following  public  uses  : 

4.  Wharves,  docks,  piers,  chutes,  booms,  ferries,  bridges,  toll  roads,  by-ro.nls. 
plank,  and  turnpike  roads ;  paths  and  roads  either  on  the  surface,  elevated,  or 
depressed,  for  the  use  of  bicycles,  tricycles,  motor  cycles  and  other  horseless  vehicles, 
steam,  electric,  and  horse  railroads,  canals,  ditches,  dams,  poundings,  flumes,  atpie- 
ducts  and  pii)e8  for  irrigation,  public  transportation,  sui)plying  mines  and  farming 
neighborhoods  with  water,  and  draining  and  reclaiming  lands,  and  fcr  Ihiating  logs 
and  lumber  on  streams  not  navigable. 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  139 

5.  Roads,  tunnels,  ditches,  flumes,  pipes  and  dumping  places  for  working  mines  ; 
il  also  outlets,  natural  or  otlienvise,  for  the  flow,  deposit,  or  conduct  of  tailinjjs  or 
^'  refuse  matter  from  mines;  also  an  occupancy  in  common  by  the  owners  or  possessors 
fl  of  different  mines  of  any  place  for  the  flow,  deposit,  or  conduct  of  tailings  or  refuse 
jii  matter  from  their  several  mines. 

|j  G.  By-roads  leading  from  highways  to  residences,  farms,  mines,  mills,  factories 
and  buildings  for  operating  machinerj^,  or  necessary  to  reach  any  property  used  for 
public  purposes. 

7.  Telegraph  and  telephone  lines,  systems  and  plants. 

0.  Roads  for  transportation  by  traction  engines  or  road  locomotives. 

10.  Oil  pipe  lines. 

11.  Roads  and  flumes  for  logging  or  lumbering  purposes. 

12.  Canals,  reservoirs,  dams,  ditches,  flumes,  aqueducts  and  pipes  and  outlets 
iKitural  or  otherwise  for  supplying,  storing  and  discharging  water  for  the  operation 

machinery  for  the  purpose  of  generating  and  transmitting  electricity  for  the  supply 

mines,  quarries,  railroads,  tramways,  mills,  and  factories  with  electric  power;  and 
;ilso  for  the  applying  of  electricity  to  light  or  heat  mines,  quarries,  mills,  factories, 
incorporated  cities  and  counties,  villages  or  towns;  and  also  for  furnishing  electricity 
t'^r  lighting,  heating  or  power  purposes  to  individuals  or  corporations,  together  with 
hinds,  buildings  and  all  other  improvements  in  or  upon  which  to  erect,  install,  place, 
or  operate  machinery  for  the  purpose  of  generating  and  transmitting  electricity 

1  any  of  the  purposes  or  uses  above  set  forth. 

Sec.  2.     All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  in  conflict  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  3.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 

An  act  to  amend  section  1239  of  the  Code  of  Civil   Procedure,  relating  to  proceedings 
to  exercise  the   right   of  eminent   domain. 

[Approved  April  5,  1911.] 

Section  1.  Section  1239  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure  of  the  State  of  Cali- 
t'l  ruia,  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

§  1239.  The  following  is  a  classification  of  the  estates  and  rights  in  lands  sub- 
j.ct  to  be  taken  for  public  use: 

1.  A  fee  simple,  when  taken  for  public  buildings  or  grounds,  or  for  permanent 
Iniildings,  for  reservoirs  and  dams,  and  permanent  flooding  occasioned   thereby,   or 

•  an  outlet  for  a  flow,  or  a  place  for  the  deposit  of  debris  or  tailings  of  a  mine. 


USE   OF   CALIFORNIA   MATERIALS   IN   CALIFORNIA   PUBLIC 

BUILDINGS. 

Section  3247  of  the  Political  Code. 

*'Any  person,  committee,  board,  ofiicer,  or  any  other  person  charged  with  the  pur- 
chase, or  permitted  or  authorized  to  purchase,  supplies,  goods,  w'ares,  merchandise, 
manufactures,  or  produce,  for  the  use  of  the  state,  or  any  of  its  institutions  or  offices. 
<  r  for  the  use  of  any  county  or  consolidated  city  and  county,  or  city,  or  town,  shall 
always,  price,  fitness  and  quality  being  equal,  prefer  such  supplies,  goods,  wares, 
nurchandise,  manufactures,  or  produce  as  has  been  grown,  manufactured  or  pro- 
duced in  this  state,  and  shall  next  prefer  such  as  have  been  partially  so  manufac- 
tured, grown  or  produced  in  this  state.  All  state,  county,  city  and  county,  city  or 
town  officers,  all  boards,  commissions,  or  other  persons  charged  with  advertising  for 
any  such  supplies,  shall  state  in  their  advertisement  that  such  preferences  will  be 
made.  In  any  such  advertisement  no  bid  shall  be  asked  for  any  article  of  a  specific 
hiand  or  mark  nor  any  patent  apparatus  or  appliances,  when  such  requirement  would 
prt^vent  proper  competition  on  the  part  of  dealers  in  other  articles  of  equal  value, 
niility  or  merit." 


140  MINERAL    INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 

LANDS  UNCOVERED  BY  RECESSION  OF  WATER. 

An  act  to  amend  section  3493m   of  the   Political   Code,   relating  to   land   uncovered   by 
the  recession  or  drainage  of  the  waters  of  inland   lakes. 

[Approved  April  14,   1911.] 

The   people   of   the   State   of    California,    represented   in    senate    okI    (isHonhly,    do 

enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  Section  3493.m  of  the  Political  Code  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as. 
follows  : 

Section  3493w.  Any  person  desiring  to  purchase  any  of  the  lands  now  uncovered 
or  which  may  hereafter  be  uncovered  by  the  recession  or  drainage  of  the  waters  of 
inland  lakes,  and  inuring  to  the  state  by  virtue  of  her  sovereignty,  or  the  swampi 
and  overflowed  lands  not  segregated  by  the  United  States,  must  make  an  application! 
therefor  to  the  surveyor  general  of  the  state,  which  application  must  be  accompanied! 
by  the  applicant's  affidavit  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  has  declaredi 
his  intention  to  become  such,  a  resident  of  this  state,  of  lawful  age,  that  he  desicfiii 
to  purchase  such  lands  (describing  them  by  legal  subdivisions,  or  by  metes  aifi3( 
bounds,  if  the  legal  subdivisions  are  unknown),  under  the  provisions  of  this  article,! 
for  his  own  use  and  benefit,  and  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  no  other  person  whomso-' 
ever,  and  that  he  has  made  no  contract  or  agreement  to  sell  the  same,  and  that  ho 
does  not  own  any  state  lands  which,  together  with  that  now  sought  to  be  purchased, 
exceeds  six  hundred  and  forty  acres. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  affect  or  apply  to  any  land  uncovered  by 
the  recession  or  drainage  of  the  waters  of  any  lake  or  other  body  of  water,  the  watei* 
of  which  are  so  impregnated  wath  minerals  as  to  be  valuable  for  the  purpose  of 
extracting  therefrom  such  minerals  ;  but  the  land  uncovered  by  the  recession  or  draiJI- 
age  of  such  waters  shall  be  subject  to  lease  for  periods  of  not  longer  than  twenty- 
five  years  upon  such  charges,  tenns  and  conditions  as  may  br  i)r(-s(iibed  by  law. 

Sec.  2.     All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  in  conflict  herewith  ai(^  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  3.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


EXTRACTION  OF  MINERALS  FROM  WATER. 


An  act  regulating  the  extraction  of  minerals  from  the  waters  of  any  stream  or  lake 
and  prohibiting  the  extraction  of  minerals  from  said  waters  except  under  lease 
from  or  express  permission  of  the  state  for  a  period  not  exceeding  twenty-five 
years. 

[Approved   April  14,   1911.] 

The  people   of   the   State   of    California,    represented   in   scintic    ami    (/.n.s(a^( />///.    (/" 

enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.     Minerals  contained  in  the  waters  of  any  stream  or  lake  in  this  state] 
shall  not  be  extracted  from  said  waters  except  upon  charges,  terms  and  conditioflis 
prescribed  by  law.     No  person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  shall  hereafter  gain 
the  right  to  extract  or  cause  to  be  extracted  said  minerals  from  said  waters  by  userj 
custom,  prescription,  appropriation,  littoral  rights,  riparian  rights,  or  in  any  manner 
other  than  by  lease  from  or  express  permission  of  the  state  as  prescribed  by  law ; 
and  no  such  lease  or  permission  shall  be  grantc?d  for  a  longer  i)eriod  than  twenty 
five  years. 

Sec.  2.     All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  in  conflict  herewith  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  3.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


MINING   LAW    APPENDIX.  141 

vIINERAL    LANDS    WITHIN    MEANDER    LINES     OF    LAKES    AND 

STREAMS. 

\n  act  relating  to  lakes  and  streams,  the  waters  of  which  contain   minerals  In  com- 
U       merclal    quantities;    withdrawing    state    lands    within    the    meander    lines    thereof 
from  sale;   prescribing  conditions  for  taking  such   minerals  from  said   waters  and 
lands,  and   providing   for  the   leasing   of   lands  uncovered   by  the   recession  of  the 
waters   of  such    lakes   and   streams. 

[Approved  April  27,  1911.] 

fe  people   of  the   State   of   California,   represented   in   senate   and   assemhly,    do 
"  enact    as   follows: 

Section  1.     There  is  hereby  withdrawn  from  selection  and  sale  all  of  the  lands 
iinbraced  within  the  original  meander  lines  of  streams  and  lakes  belonging  to  the 
I  jtate,  the  watei-s  of  which  contain  minerals  in  commercial  quantities,  and  all  such 
lands  which  may  hereafter  inure  to  the  state  by  virtue  of  its  sovereignty,  excepting 
Uuch  lands  now  contracted  to  be  sold  under  sections  S493m  to  3493^,  both  inclusive, 
>f  the  Political  Code. 
Sic.  2.     No  person,  firm  or  corporation  shall  take  water  from  such  streams  or 
^  containing  minerals  and  extract  from  such  water  such  minerals,  except  under 
lerms  and  conditions  of  this  act;  and  no  person,  firm  or  corporation  may  lease 
my   land   herein   referred   to  and   extract   therefrom   minerals   deposited   therein   or 
ilii  leon,  except  under  the  terms  and  conditions  of  this  act. 
Sec.  3.     Every  person,  firm  or  corporation  taking  from  the  waters  of  such  stream, 
Is  or  lands  any  minerals,  shall  file,  on  or  before  the  last  Monday  in  January  ot 
year,  with  the  county  assessor  of  the  county  in  which  any  such  stream  or  lake 
tuated,  and  also  with  the  state  controller,  a  written  statement,   duly  verified, 
ing  in  tons  of  two  thousand  pounds,  the  amount  of  mineral  taken  by  such  person, 
or  corporation  from  such  water  or  land  during  the  year  ending  December  31st 
preceding,  and  sold  by  said  person,  fiim  or  corporation  during  the  said  year  pre- 
1^'.     Any  such  person,  firm  or  corporation  neglecting  or  refusing  to  furnish  such 
luent  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  of  one  hundred  dollars  for  each  day  after  the 
last  Monday  in  January  such  person,  firm  or  corporation,  shall  fail  to  furnish 
statement,  and,  in  addition  to  said  fine,  shall  forfeit  all  leases  granting  the  right 
i.yj  extract  such  minerals  from  said  water  and  said  land.     Any  person  who   shall, 
either  on  behalf  of  himself  or  any  firm  or  corporation,  verify  any  such  statement 
which  shall  be  untrue  in  any  material  part,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 
Sec.  4.     In  case  either  the  assessor  or  the  state  controller  shall  not  be  satisfied 
with  the  statement  as  returned,  he  may  make  an  examination  of  the  matters  neces- 
sary to  verify  or  correct  said  statement,  and,  for  that  purpose,  may  subpoena  wit- 
nesses and  call  for  and  compel  the  production  of  necessary  books  and  papers  belong- 
jing  to  the  person,  firm  or  cori>oration  making  the  returns. 

Sec.  5.  The  county  assessor  of  the  county  shall,  after  examination  and  approval 
by  him  and  the  state  controller  of  such  statement,  proceed  to  collect  from  such  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  a  royalty  of  twenty-five  cents  for  each  ton  of  two  thousand 
pounds  of  mineral  taken  from  such  water  or  land  by  such  person,  firm  or  corporation 
!  and  sold,  during  the  preceding  year,  in  the  manner  provided  for  the  collection  of 
personal  property  taxes ;  provided,  that  the  royalty  on  sodium  bicarbonate  and  on 
sodium  hydrate  so  taken  shall  be  fifty  (50)  cents  for  each  ton  of  two  thousand 
pounds. 

Sec,  G.  Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  desiring  to  lease  any  lands  under  this 
act  must  make  application  therefor  to  the  surveyor  general  of  the  state,  describing 
the  lands  sought  to  be  leased  by  legal  subdivisions,  or  if  the  legal  subdivisions  are 
unknown  to  the  applicant  by  metes  and  bounds.  The  application  must  be  accom- 
panied by  a  filing  fee  of  ten  dollars. 

Sec,  7,  Upon  the  receipt  of  such  application,  the  surveyor  general  shall  direct 
the  county  surveyor  of  the  county  in  which  such  lands  are  situated  to  survey  the 
land  sought  to  be  leased.  The  county  surveyor  shall  make  an  actual  survey  of  the 
laud,  at  the  expense  of  the  applicant,  establishing  the  four  corners  to  each  quarter 


l'J-2  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


4 


section,  ana  connecting  the  same  wirn  a  Uiiitod  States  survey;  and,  within  thirty 
days  file  with  the  surveyor  geiu'ial  a  copy,  uiidor  oath,  of  his  field  notes  and  plat. 
If  the  county  surveyor  fails  to  make  the  survey  as  herein  provided,  the  surveyor 
general  shall  immediately  direct  another  person  to  make  the  survey  at  the  expense 
of  the  applicant,  and  said  survey  shall  be  made  and  completed  within  thirty  days 
after  the  authorization,  and  the  field  notes  and  plats,  or  copies  thereof,  shall  be 
sworn  to  by  the  surveyor  making  them  and  shall  be  filed  with  the  surveyor  general. 

Sec.  S.  All  applications  to  lease  land  under  this  act  shall  be  approved  or  rejected 
by  the  surveyor  general  within  ninety  days  aft,}r  the  receipt  thereof.  Immediately 
after  the  approval  of  the  application,  the  surveyor  general  shall  execute  and  deliver 
to  the  applicant  a  lease  of  the  lands  described  in  the  application. 

Sec.  9.  The  lands,  designated  in  this  act  shall  be  leased  at  the  rate  of  two  dol- 
lars and  fifty  cents  per  acre,  per  year,  payable  yearly  in  advance.  All  moneys  re- 
ceived as  rental  for  such  lands  and  as  royalty  upon  the  mineral  product  of  the  waters 
of  the  lakes,  streams  or  lands  above  mentioned,  shall  be  paid  into  the  state  school 
land  fund. 

Sec.  10.  Whenever  any  lease  is  delivered  to  the  applicant  by  the  surveyor  gen- 
eral, the  lessee  shall  within  fifteen  days  thereafter,  present  said  lease  to  the  treasurer 
of  the  State  of  California,  and  make  payment  of  the  first  annual  rental.  The  treas- 
urer shall  receive  the  money  and  give  a  receipt  therefor.  All  subsequent  annual 
payments  of  rental  must  be  paid  to  the  state  treasurer,  in  like  manner,  within  fifteen 
days  after  they  become  due.  In  case  payments  are  not  made  as  herein  provided,  the 
lease  and  all  rights  thereunder  shall  cease  and  terminate.  No  lease  shall  run  for 
more  than  twenty-five  years ;  provided,  that  upon  the  expiration  of  any  lease,  such 
lease  may  be  extended  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years  upon  such  terms  and  con- 
ditions as  may  then  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  11.  All  leases  made  under  the  authority  of  this  act  shall  contain  a  reser- 
vation to  the  state  of  a  right  to  locate  rights  of  way  across  such  leased  lands,  subject 
only  to  the  requirements  that  the  rights  of  way  shall  be  located  in  such  manner  as 
to  cause  the  least  injury  to  the  leased  lands  across  which  the  same  may  be  located. 
and  that  any  damage  suffered  by  the  lessee  of  such  lands  shall  be  compensated  by 
the  lessee  of  the  lands  for  whose  benefit  the  right  of  way  is  required  ;  and  every  such 
lease  shall  be  subject  to,  and  shall  contain  a  reservation  of,  the  right  of  any  city 
and  county  or  incorporated  city  or  town  of  this  state  to  at  any  time  appropriate 
and  take,  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  relative  to  the  appropriation  of  waters,  water 
from  any  stream  or  lake  tributary  to  or  discharging  into  any  stream  or  lake  of  the 
character  mentioned  in  section  one  of  this  act,  for  any  use  or  uses  within  the  author- 
ized powers  of  such  city  and  county,  or  incorporated  city  or  town. 

Sec.  12.  Leases  of  rights  of  way,  not  exceeding  one  hundred  feet  in  width,  for 
access  to  any  water  or  lands  designated  by  this  act,  may  be  applied  for  and  granted 
in  the  manner  herein  provided  for  leasing  lands.  Such  rights  of  way  shall  lie  leased 
at  an  annual  rental  of  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  an  acre,  and  the  sanu>  shall  ho 
paid  as  herein  provided  for  leased  lands. 

Sec.  13.  All  leases  of  mineral  lauds  provided  for  by  this  act  shall  cease  and  ter- 
minate on  December  Slst  of  any  year  if  the  lessee  or  assigns  has  not,  during  the 
year  preceding,  extracted  or  removed  from  such  land  and  water  an  amount  of  min- 
eral equal,  in  the  aggregate,  to  a  minimum  of  five  tons  per  acre  of  land  lea.sed ; 
provided,  that  when  a  lease  is  not  delivered  to  the  lessee  until  after  the  fifteenth  day 
of  January  of  any  year,  the  minimum  tonnage  for  such  year  shall  be  less  than  five  ' 
(5)  tons,  and  shall  be  proportional  to  the  number  of  days  remaininu  in  sudi  y.ar 
after  the  completion  of  the  works. 

Sec.  14.  Tlie  surveyor  general  is  hereby  authorized  to  prep.iri.  in.ikc.  execute 
and  deliver  all  papers,  instruments  and  documents,  and  to  do  .my  ;iii<l  all  things 
necessary  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  15.     The  legislature  shall  have  the   rii;iit  to  change,   fi lime  to  iim.\   ilie 

royalty  per  ton  of  minerals  extracted  and  the  annual  rental  pei-  .u  re  nf  land,  and 
sufh  change  shall  apply  to  all  persons,  firms  or  corporations  holdiim  leases  herein- 
iiii'hT  ;    /n<>rl<h<l.   lh;it    no    1.  .^ii    iiniler  this   aii    sluill   he   sultjecl    to   any  change, 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  143 

the  royalty  or  rental  provided  for  in  said  lease,  subsequent  to  the  execution 

iich  lease  until  after  ten  years  from  the  passage  of  this  act. 
-^i:c.  10).     Any  lessee  hereinunder  may  abandon  and  surrender  a  lease  at  the  ex- 

tiou  of  any  calendar  year  by  filing  with  the  county  assessor  of  the  county  in 

■h  is  situated  the  lands  described  in  said  lease,  and  with  the  surveyor  general 
;  the  state  controller,  notices  of  said  abandonment  or  surrender ;  but  said  notices 
>t  be  filed  at  least  sixty  days  before  the  expiration  of  said  calendar  year;  and 
;  abandonment  and  surrender  shall  not  absolve  the  said  lessee  from  the  payment 

iiy  royalty  which  may  be  due  at  the  end  of  said  fiscal  year,  for  minerals  extracted 
111  the  waters  or  lands  in  this  act  specified. 
Skc.  17.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


HYDRAULIC  MINING. 

vVhere   hydraulic   mining   can    be   carried   on. 

1424.  The  business  of  hydraulic  mining  may  be  carried  on  within  the  State  of 
iforuia  wherever  and  whenever  the  same  ran  be  carried  on  without  material 
iry  to  the  navigable  streams,  or  the  lands  adjacent  thereto. 

vieaning   of   hydraulic   mining. 
S  1425.     Hydraulic  mining,  within   the  meaning  of  this   title,   is  mining  by  the 
!us  of  the  application  of  water,  under  pressure,  through  a  nozzle,  against  a  natural 

I  Fcr  Frd.  ral  regulations  on  hydraulic  mining,  see  pp.  151-156.) 

MINER'S  INCH  DEFINED. 

An  act  fixing  and   defining   a  miner's   inch  of  water. 

[Approved  March  23,  1901.] 

77/'     jii  1,1,1c    i,f   the    St  (lie    of    California,    represented    in    senate    and    assembly,    do 

enact    as   folloivs: 

Mixtion  1.     The  standard  miner's  inch  of  water  shall  be  equivalent  or  equal  to 
and  one-half  cubic  feet  of  water  per  minute,  measured  through  any  aperture  or 
;'-e. 

~^KC.  2.     All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  are 
!tby  repealed. 
Sec.  3.     This  act  shall  be  in  effect  and  force  sixty  days  from  and  after  its  passage. 

LARCENY  OF  GOLD-DUST  AND  AMALGAM. 

An    act    supplementary   to    an    act   entitled    "An    act    concerning    crimes    and    punish- 
ments,"  passed   April   16,   1850. 

[Approved  March  20,  1872;  1871-2,  435.] 

-^iiCTiON  1.     Every  person  who  shall  feloniously  steal,  take  and  carry  away,  or 

lupt  to  take,  steal,  and  carry  from  any  mining  claim,  tunnel,  sluice,  under-cur- 

;.  riffle-box,  or  sulphurate  (sulphuret)  machine  any  gold-dust,  amalgam,  or  quick- 

r,  the  property  of  another,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  grand  larceny,  and  upon 

\  ictiou  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment  in  the  state  prison  for  any 

I  of  not  less  than  one  year  nor  more  than  fourteen  years. 


1 


141  IJ1NER,VL   INDUSTRY  OF   CALIFORXIA. 

REGULATION  OF  HOURS  OF  EMPLOYMENT. 

An  act  regulating  the  hours  of  employment  in  underground  mines,  undergrounc 
workings,  whether  for  the  purpose  of  tunneling,  making  excavations,  or  ti 
accomplish    any   other   purpose    or   design,    or    in    smelting    and    reduction    works 

[Approved  May  30,  1913.] 

The  people  of  Ike  State  of  Calif omut  do  enact  <m  follows: 

Section  1.  That  the  period  of  employment  for  all  persons  who  are  employe!  o 
engaged  in  work  in  onderground  mines  in  tsearch  of  minerals,  whether  has*  l> 
precious,  or  who  are  engaged  in  such  underground  mines  for  other  purposes,  or  \\h< 
are  employed  or  engaged  in  any  other  underground  workings  whether  for  the  purpi  n 
of  tunneling,  making  excavations  or  to  accomplish  any  other  purpose  or  design,  y 
who  are  employed  in  smelters  and  other  institutions  for  the  reduction  or  refininif;  r 
ores  or  metals,  shall  not  exceed  eight  hours  within  any  twenty-four  hours,  and  {  « 
hours  of  employment  in  such  employment  or  work  day  shall  be  consecutive,  excladJl  i 
however,  any  intermission  of  time  for  lunch  or  meals ;  provided,  that  in  case  l 
emergency  where  life  or  property  is  in  imminent  danger,  the  period  may  be  a  I<hi|  ii 
time  during  the  continuance  of  the  exigency  or  emergency. 

Sex;.  2.  Any  person  who  shall  violate  any  provision  of  this  act,  and  any  pert  t 
who  as  foreman,  manager,  director  or  officer  of  a  corporation,  or  as  the  emploj  r 
or  superior  officer  of  any  person,  shall  command,  persuade  or  allow  any  per8<Hi  [i 
violate  any  provision  of  this  act,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon  a  i 
victipn  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  tha^  fifty  dollars  ($50.00)  nor  mor^ 
than  three  hundred  dollars  ($300.00)  or  by  imprisonment  of  not  more  than  tbre< 
months.  And  the  court  shall  have  discretion  to  impose  both  fine  and  imprison  i  it; 
as  herein  provided. 

Sec.  3.     All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby  rep« ;     <] 

PROVIDING  FOR  MINE  EXITS. 
An  act  requiring  compensation  for  causing  death  by  wrongful  act,  neglect  or  default. 

[Approved  April  26.  1862.] 

Section  1.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  corporation,  association,  owner 
owners  of  any  quartz  mining  claim  within  the  State  of  California,  where 
corporation,  association,  owner  or  owners  employ  twelve  men  daily,  to  sink 
into  sudi  mine  or  mines  any  perpendicular  shaft  or  incline  beyond  a  depth 
the  surface  of  three  hundred  feet  without  providing  a  second  mode  of  egress 
such  mine,  by  shaft  or  tunnel,  to  connect  with  the  main  shaft  at  a  depth  of  not 
than  one  hundred  feet  from  the  surface. 

Sec.  2.     It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  corporation,  association,  owner  or  o^ 
any  quartz  mine  or  mines  in  this  state,  where  it  becomes  necessary  to  work 
mines  beyond   the  depth  of  three  hundred   feet,   and  where   the   number  of 
employed  therein  daily  shall  be  twelve  or  more,  to  proceed  to  sink  another  shaft] 
construct  a  tunnel  so  as  to  connect  with  the  main  working  shaft  of  such  mine 
mode  of  escape  from   undei^ound  accident   <»>  otherwise.     And   all   corporat 
associations,  owner  or  owners  of  mines,  as  aforesaid,  working  at  a  greater 
than  three  hundred  feet,  not  having  any  other  mode  <^  egress  than  from  the 
shaft,  shall  proceed  as  herein  provided. 

Sec.  3.  When  any  corporation,  association,  owner  or  owners  of  any  quartz 
in  this  state  shall  fail  to  provide  for  the  proper  egress,  as  herein  c<MitempIate<] 
where  any  accident  shall  occur,  or  any  miner  working  therein  shall  be  hurt  or  inj- 
and  from  injury  might  have  escaped  if  the  second  mode  of  egress  bad  existed,  >  i<  ti 
corporation,  association,  owner  or  owners  of  the  mine  where  the  injuries  shall  i  vo 
occurred  shall  be  liable  to  the  person  injured  in  all  damages  that  may  accni-  !  y 
reason  thereof;  and  an  action  at  law  in  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction  ma>  )•' 
maintained  against  the  owner  or  owners  of  such  mine,  which  owners  shnl!  I* 
jointly  or  severally  liable  for  such  damages.     And  where  death  shall  ensue  fruin 


MINING   LAW    APPENDIX.  ]\:> 

iries  received  from  any  negligence  on  the  part  of  the  owners  thereof,  by  reason 
tlieir  failure  to  comply  with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  h»'ir«  or 
1  lives  surviving  the  deceased  may  commence  an  action  for  the  recovery  of  such 

i;lges. 

<KC.  4.     This  act  shall   take  effect  and  be  In  force  six  months  from  and  after 

passage. 

TELEPHONE  SYSTEM  IN  MINES. 

An   act   providing   for  the  establishment   and    maintenance   of   a   telephone   system    In 
mines  and   prescribing   a   penalty  for  the  violation   thereof. 

[Approved  June  13,  1913.] 

'  people  of  the  State  of  California  do  enact  as  follows: 

<KCTiON  1.  In  all  mines  operated  and  worked  in  this  state  where  a  depth  of 
'  than  five  hundred  feet  underground  has  been  reached  a  telephone  system 
i  he  established,  equipped  and  maintained  by  the  owners  or  l«'S8«»e8  thereof  with 
ions  at  each  working  level  below  the  depth  aforesaid,  communicating  with  a 
ion  thereof  on  the  surface  of  any  such  mine. 

^i;c.  2.  The  failure  or  refusal  of  any  owner  or  lessee  to  install  or  maintain  micli 
i>hone  system  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  mi^sdemeanor  and  punished  acconlingly. 


FENCING  ABANDONED  SHAFTS. 

An  act  to  provide  for  the  covering  or  fencing  of  abandoned  mining  shafts,  pits  or 
excavations,  the  penalty,  and  also  the  penalty  for  removing  or  destroying  the 
covering   or  fencing   from   the  same. 

[Approved  March  20,  1903.] 

■  pie   of   the   State   of   California,   represented   in   senate   and   assembly,    do 
enact  as  follows 

^KCTioN  1.     All  abandoned  mining  shafts,  pits  or  abandoned  excavations  danger- 
to  passers-by  or  live  stock  shall  be  securely  covered  or  fenced,  and  kept  so,  by 
owners  of  the  land  or  persons  in  charge  of  the  same,  on  which  such  shafts,  pits 
ther  excavations  are  located.     Any  person  or  persons  failing  to  comply  with  th»» 
visions  of  this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 
<KC.  2,     All  abandoned  mining  shafts,  pits  or  other  excavations  situated  on  un- 
ipied  public  lands  may  be  securely  covered  or  fenced  by  order  of  the  board  of 
rvisors  of  the  county  wherein  the  same  is  situated,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
board  of  supervisors  to  keep  the  same  securely  fenced  or  covered  whenever  it 
•ars  to  them,  by  proof  submitted,  that  the  same  is  dangerous  or  unsafe  to  man 
i^east.     The  cost  of  said  covering  or  fencing  to  be  a  county  charge. 
^KC.  3.     Any  person  or  persons  maliciously  removing  or  destroying  any  covering 
"ncing  placed  around  or  over  any  shaft,  pit  or  other  excavation,  as  hereinbefore 
vided,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 
>yx:.  4.    This  act  shall  take  effect  six  months  from  the  day  of  passage. 


CALIFORNIA   MINE   BELL   SIGNALS. 

An  act  to  establish   a   uniform   system   of   mine   bell   signals,   to   be   used   in   all   the 
mines  operated  in  the  State  of  California,  and  for  the  protection  of  miners. 

[Approved  March  8.  1893.] 

Every  person,  company,  corporation^  or  individual,   operating  any 

•  wiLLiu  the  State  of  California — gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  coal,  or  any  other 

al  or  substance — where  it  is  necessary  to  use  signal*  by  means  of  bell  or  other- 

e,  for  shafts,  inclines,  drifts,  croMtcnts,  tunoels,  and  underground  workings,  shall, 


18655 


146  MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


after  the  passage  of  this  bill,  adopt,  use,  and  put  in  force  the  following  system  or 
code  of  mine  bell  signals,  as  follows : 
1  bell,  to  hoist.     (See  Rule  2.) 

1  bell,  to  stop  if  in  motion. 

2  bells,  to  lower.      (See  Rule  2.) 

3  bells,  man  to  be  hoisted;  run  slow.      (See  Rule  2.) 

4  bells,  start  pump  if  not  running,  or  stop  pump  if  running, 
1 — 3  bells,  start  or  stop  air  compressor. 

5  bells,  send  down  tools.     (See  Rule  4.) 

6  bells,  send  down  timbers.     (See  Rule  4.) 

7  bells,  accident ;  move  bucket  or  cage  by  verbal  orders  only. 
1 — 4  bells,  foreman  wanted. 

2 — 1 — 1  bells,  done  hoisting  until  called. 

2 — 1 — 2  bells,  done   hoisting   for   the   day. 

2 — 2 — 2  bells,  change  buckets  from  ore  to  water,  or  vice  versa. 

3—2—1  bells,  ready  to  shoot  in  the  shaft.     (See  Rule  3.) 

Engineer's  signal,  that  he  is  ready  to  hoist,  i&  to  raise  the  bucket  or  cage  two 
feet  and  lower  it  again.     (See  Rule  3.) 

Levels  shall  be  designated  and  inserted  in  notice  hereinafter  mentioned.  (See 
Rule  5.) 

Sec.  2.  For  the  purpose  of  enforcing  and  properly  understanding  the  above  code 
of  signals,  the  following  rules  are  hereby  established  : 

Rule  1 — In  giving  signals  make  strokes  on  bell  at  regular  intervals.  The  bar 
( — )  must  take  the  same  time  as  for  one  stroke  of  the  bell,  and  no  more.  If  timber, 
tools,  the  foreman,  bucket  or  cage  are  wanted  to  stop  at  any  level  in  the  mine,  signal 
by  number  of  strokes  on  the  bell,  number  of  the  level  first  before  giving  the  signal 
for  timber,  tools,  etc.     Time  between  signals  to  be  double  bars  ( ).     Example: 

6 5  would  mean  stop  at  sixth  level  with  tools. 

4 1 — 1 — 1 1,  would  mean  to  stop  at  fourth  level,  man  on,  hoist. 

2 1 — 4  would  mean  stop  at  second  level  with  foreman. 

Rule  2 — No  person  must  get  off  or  on  the  bucket  or  cage,  while  the  same  is  in 
motion.  When  men  are  to  be  hoisted  give  the  signal  for  men.  Men  must  then  get 
on  bucket  or  cage,  then  give  the  signal  to  hoist.  Bell  cord  must  be  in  reach  of  man 
on  the  bucket  or  cage  at  stations. 

Rule  3 — After  signal  "Ready  to  shoot  in  shaft,"  engineer  must  give  his  signal 
when  he  is  ready  to  hoist.  Miners  must  then  give  the  signal  of  "Men  to  be  hoisted," 
then  "spit  fuse,"  get  into  the  bucket,  and  give  ihe  signal  to  hoist. 

Rule  4 — All  timbers,  tools,  etc,  "longer  than  the  depth  of  the  bucket,"  to  be 
hoisted  or  lowered,  must  be  securely  lashed  at  the  upper  end  to  the  cable.  Miners 
must  know  they  will  ride  up  or  down  the  shaft  without  catching  on  rocks  or  timbers 
and  be  thrown  out. 

Rule  5 — The  foreman  will  see  that  one  printed  sheet  of  these  signals  and  rules 
for  each  level  and  one  for  the  engine-room  are  attached  to  a  board  not  less  than 
twelve  inches  wide  by  thirty-six  inches  long,  and  securely  fasten  the  board  up  where 
signals  can  be  easily  read  at  the  places  above  stated. 

Rule  6 — The  above  signals  and  rules  must  be  obeyed.  Any  violation  will  be 
sufficient  grounds  for  discharging  the  party  or  parties  so  doing.  No  person,  company, 
corporation,  or  individual  operating  any  mine  within  the  State  of  California,  shall 
be  responsible  for  accidents  that  may  happen  to  men  disobeying  the  above  rules  and 
signals.  Said  notice  and  rules  shall  be  signed  by  the  person  or  superintendent  hav- 
ing charge  of  the  mine,  who  shall  designate  the  name  of  the  corporation  or  the  owner 
of  the  mine. 

Sec.  3.  Any  person  or  company  failing  to  carry  out  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  be  responsible  for  all  damages  arising  to  or  incurred  by  any  person 
working  in  said  mine  during  the  time  of  such  failure. 

Sec.  4.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  147 

FEDERAL  STATUTES. 

Title    XXXII,    Chapter   6,    Revised    Statutes. 

Sec.  2319.  All  valuable  mineral  deposits  in  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States, 
both  surveyed  and  unsurveyed,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  free  and  open  to  exploration 
and  purchase,  and  the  lands  in  which  they  are  found  to  occupation  and  purchase,  by 
citizens  of  the  United  States  and  those  who  hav^e  declared  their  intention  to  become 
such,  under  regulations  prescribed  by  law,  and  according  to  the  local  customs  or 
rules  of  miners  in  the  several  mining  districts,  »o  far  as  the  same  are  applicable  and 
not  inconsistent  with  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  2320.  Mining  claims  upon  veins  or  lodes  of  quartz  or  other  rock  in  place 
bearing  gold,  silver,  cinnabar,  lead,  tin,  copper,  or  other  valuable  deposits,  heretofore 
located,  shall  be  governed  as  to  length  along  the  vein  or  lode  by  the  customs,  regula- 
tions, and  laws  in  force  at  the  date  of  their  location.  A  mining  claim  located  after 
the  tenth  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  whether  located  by  one  or 
more  persons,  may  equal,  but  shall  not  exceed,  one  thousand  five  hundred  feet  in 
length  along  the  vein  or  lode ;  but  no  location  of  a  mining  claim  shall  be  made  until 
the  discovery  of  the  vein  or  lode  within  the  limits  of  the  claim  located.  No  claim 
shall  extend  more  than  three  hundred  feet  on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  the  vein  at 
the  surface,  nor  shall  any  claim  be  limited  by  any  mining  regulation  to  less  than 
twenty-five  feet  on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  the  vein  at  the  surface,  except  where 
adverse  rights  existing  on  the  tenth  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two, 
render  such  limitation  necessary.  The  end  lines  of  each  claim  shall  be  parallel  to 
each  other. 

Sec.  2321.  Proof  of  citizenship,  under  this  chapter,  may  consist  in  the  case  of  an 
individual,  of  his  own  aflfidavit  thereof ;  in  the  case  of  an  association  of  persons 
unincorporated,  of  the  afiidavit  of  their  authorized  agent,  made  on  his  own  knowledge, 
or  upon  information  and  belief ;  and  in  the  case  of  a  corporation  organized  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  state  or  territory  thereof,  by  the  filing  of  a  cer- 
tified copy  of  their  charter  or  certificate  of  incorporation. 

This  is  supplemented  by  an  act  of  April  26,  1882,  which  provides: 

"That  applicants  for  mineral  patents,  if  residing  beyond  the  limits  of  the  district 
wherein  the  claim  is  situated,  may  make  any  oath  or  affidavit  required  for  proof  of 
citizenship  before  the  clerk  of  any  court  of  record,  or  before  any  notary  public  of  any 
state  or  territory."     (22  Stats,  at  Large,  p.  49,  chap.  106.) 

Sec.  2322.  The  locators  of  all  mining  locations  heretofore  made  or  which  shall 
hereafter  be  made,  on  any  mineral  vein,  lode,  or  ledge,  situated  on  the  public  domain, 
their  heirs  and  assigns,  where  no  adverse  claims  exist  on  the  tenth  day  of  May, 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  so  long  as  they  comply  with  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  with  state,  territorial  and  local  regulations  not  in  conflict  with  the  laws 
of  the  United  States  governing  their  possessory  title,  shall  have  the  exclusive  right 
of  possession  and  enjoyment  of  all  the  surface  included  within  the  lines  of  their  loca- 
tions, and  of  all  veins,  lodes  and  ledges  throughout  their  entire  depth,  the  top  or  apex 
of  which  lies  inside  of  such  surface  lines  extended  downward  vertically,  although 
such  veins,  lodes,  or  ledges  may  so  far  depart  from  a  perpendicular  in  their  course 
downward  as  to  extend  outside  the  vertical  side  lines  of  such  surface  locations.  But 
their  right  of  possession  to  such  outside  parts  of  such  veins  or  ledges  shall  be  confined 
to  such  portions  thereof  as  lie  between  vertical  planes  drawn  downward  as  above 
described  through  the  end  lines  of  their  locations,  so  continued  in  their  own  direction 
that  such  planes  will  intersect  such  exterior  parts  of  such  veins  or  ledges.  And 
nothing  in  this  section  shall  authorize  the  locator  or  possessor  of  a  vein,  or  lode  which 
extends  in  its  downward  course  beyond  the  vertical  lines  of  his  claim,  to  enter  upon 
the  surface  of  a  claim  owned  or  possessed  by  another. 

Sec.  2323.  Where  a  tunnel  is  run  for  the  development  of  a  vein  or  lode,  or  for 
the  discovery  of  mines,  the  owners  of  such  tunnel  shall  have  the  right  of  possession 
of  all  veins  or  lodes  within  three  thousand  feet  from  the  face  of  such  tunnel  on  the 
line  thereof,  not  previously  known  to  exist,  discovered  in  such  tunnel,  to  the  same 


148  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

extent  as  if  discovered  from  the  surface  and  locations  on  the  line  of  such  tunnel  of 
veins  or  lodes  not  appearing  on  the  surface,  made  by  other  parties  after  the  com- 
mencement of  the  tunnel,  and  while  the  same  is  being  prosecuted  with  reasonable 
diligence,  shall  be  invalid,  but  failure  to  prosecute  the  work  on  the  tunnel  for  six 
months  shall  be  considered  as  an  abandonment  of  the  right  to  all  undiscovered  veins 
on  the  line  of  such  tunnel. 

Sex).  2324.  The  miners  of  each  mining  district  may  make  regulations  not  in  con- 
flict with  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  or  with  the  laws  of  the  state  or  territory  in 
which  the  district  is  situated,  governing  the  location,  manner  of  recording,  amount 
of  work  necessary  to  hold  possession  of  a  mining  claim,  subject  to  the  following 
requirements :  The  location  must  be  distinctly  marked  on  the  ground  so  that  its 
boundaries  can  be  readily  traced.  All  records  of  mining  claims  hereafter  made  shall 
contain  the  name  or  names  of  the  locators,  rhe  date  of  the  location,  and  such  a 
description  of  the  claim  or  claims  located  by  reference  to  some  natural  object  or 
permanent  monument  as  will  identify  the  claim.  On  each  claim  located  after  the 
tenth  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  and  until  a  patent  has  been 
issued  therefor,  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  labor  shall  be  performed 
or  improvements  made  during  each  year. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  congress  assembled,  that  section  two  thousand,  three  hundred  and  twenty- 
four  of  the  Revised  Statutes  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  so  that  where  a 
person  or  company  has  or  may  run  a  tunnel  for  the  purpose  of  developing  a  lode  or 
lod-es,  owned  by  said  person  or  company,  the  money  so  expended  in  said  tunnel  shall 
be  taken  and  considered  as  expended  on  said  lode  or  lodes,  whether  located  prior  to  or 
since  the  passage  of  said  act ;  and  such  person  or  company  shall  not  be  required  to 
perform  work  on  the  surface  of  said  lode  or  lodes  in  order  to  hold  the  same  as 
required  by  said  act.     (18  Stats,  at  Large,  page  315,  chap.  41.) 

Annual   Assessments. 

An  amendment  of  January  22,  1880,  reads : 

^'Provided,  that  the  period  within  which  the  v.ork  required  to  be  done  annually 
on  all  unpatented  mineral  claims  shall  commence  on  the  first  day  of  January  suc- 
ceeding the  date  of  location  of  such  claim,  and  this  section  shall  apply  to  all  claims 
located  since  the  tenth  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
two."     (21  Stats,  at  Large,  page  61,  chap.  9.) 

The  federal  law  fixes  the  minimum  of  labor  requirements.  State  and  local  laws 
may  require  additional  work  as  part  of  the  act  of  location.  This  has  been  sustained 
by  Supreme  Court  decisions. 

Patents. 

Section  2325  of  the  federal  statutes  provides  that  after  $500  has  been  expended 
on  a  mining  claim  in  work  or  improvements,  a  patent  may  be  applied  for,  upon  the 
claim  being  surveyed  by  a  United  States  mineral  surveyor,  and  by  the  payment  of 
$5  per  acre  for  the  land  to  the  United  States  government. 

PLACERS. 

Sec.  2329.  Claims  usually  called  "placers"  including  all  forms  of  deposit,  except- 
ing veins  of  quartz,  or  other  rock  in  place,  shall  be  subject  to  entry  and  patent, 
under  like  circumstances  and  conditions,  and  upon  similar  proceedings,  as  are  pro- 
vided for  vein  or  lode  claims ;  but  where  the  lands  have  been  previously  surveyed  by 
the  United  States,  the  entry  in  its  exterior  limits  shall  conform  to  the  legal  subdivi- 
sions of  public  lands. 

Lindley  on  Mines,  3d  ed.,  1914,  Sec.  420,  pp.  987  et  seq.  says:  "Among  the 
substances,  other  than  those  of  a  metallic  character,  which  have  been  classified  as 
mineral,  and  when  occurring  in  the  form  of  deposits  not  in  place,  lands  containing 
which  have  been  held  to  be  subject  to  appropriation  under  the  placer  laws,  we  note 
the  following:  Alum;  asphaltum ;  borax;  diamonds;  guano;  gypsum;  kaolin  or 
china  clay ;  marble ;  mica ;  onyx ;  soda,  carbonate  or  nitrate ;  slate  for  roofing  pur- 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  149 

poses ;  umber ;  building  stone.  *  *  *  Other  substances  require  specific  mention." 
I'nder  these  "other  substances,"  are  detailed:  Petroleum;  natural  gas;  brick  and 
i>tlier  classes  of  clay;  phosphates;  potash.  In  addition  to  the  above  named  the 
lollowing  have  also  "been  held  to  be  mineral  by  the  United  States  Land  Department 
,111(1  the  American  courts:  Amber;  stone  of  special  commercial  value;  cement  (see 
u.vpsum)  ;  coal;  gravel;  limestone;  salt;  sand;  sandstone  (see  building  stone); 
sulphur."     (id.  Sec.  97,  pp.  170  et  seq.) 

[Act  of  August  4,  1892,  eh.  375,  27  Stat.  L.  348.] 

Entry  of  building  stone   lands   under  placer  laws. 

Section  1.  Any  person  authorized  to  enter  lands  under  the  mining  laws  of  the 
United  States  may  enter  lands  that  are  chiefly  valuable  for  building  stone  under  the 
provisions  of  the  law  in  relation  to  placer  mineral  claims;  provided,  that  lands 
reserved  for  the  benefit  of  the  public  schools  or  donated  to  any  state  shall  not  be  sub- 
ject to  entry  under  this  act.      (27  Stat.  L.  348.) 

[Act  of  January  31,   1901,   eh.    186,   31   Stat.   L.   745.] 

Entry  of  saline  lands  under  placer  laws. 

All  unoccupied  public  lands  of  the  United  States  containing  salt  springs,  or  deposits 
of  salt  in  any  form,  and  chiefly  valuable  therefor,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  subject 
to  location  and  purchase  under  the  provisions  of  the  law  relating  to  placer  mining 
claims ;  provided,  that  the  same  person  shall  not  locate  or  enter  more  than  one  claim 
hereunder.      (31   Stat.   L.  745.) 

Sec.  2330.  Legal  subdivisions'  of  forty  acres  may  be  subdivided  into  ten-acre 
tracts,  and  two  or  more  persons  or  associations  of  persons,  having  contiguous  claims 
of  any  size,  although  such  claims  may  be  less  than  ten  acres  each,  may  make  joint 
entry  thereof ;  but  no  location  of  a  placer  claim,  made  after  the  ninth  day  of  July, 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  shall  exceed  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  for  any  one 
person  or  association  of  persons,  which  location  shall  conform  to  the  United  States 
surveys ;  and  nothing  in  this  section  contained  shall  defeat  or  impair  any  bona  fide 
preemption  or  homestead  claim  upon  agricultural  lands,  or  authorize  the  sale  of  the 
improvements  of  any  bona  fide  settler  to  any  purchaser. 

Sec.  2331.  Where  placer  claims  are  upon  surveyed  lands,  and  conform  to  legal 
subdivisions,  no  further  survey  or  plat  shall  be  jequired,  and  all  placer  mining  claims 
located  after  the  tenth  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  shall  conform 
as  near  as  practicable  with  the  United  States  system  of  public  lands  surveys,  and  the 
rectangular  subdivisions  of  such  surveys,  and  no  such  location  shall  include  more 
than  twenty  acres  for  each  individual  claimant ;  but  where  placer  claims  can  not 
be  conformed  to  legal  subdivisions,  survey  and  plat  shall  be  made  as  on  unsurveyed 
lands ;  and  where  by  the  segregation  of  mineral  land  in  any  legal  subdivision  a  quan- 
tity of  agricultural  land  lesis  than  forty  acres  remains,  such  fractional  portion  ot 
agricultural  land  may  be  entered  by  any  party  qualified  by  law,  for  homestead  or 
preemption  purposes. 

Placer   boundaries. 

Sec.  2333.  Where  the  same  person,  association,  or  corporation  is  in  possession 
of  a  placer  claim,  and  also  a  vein  or  lode  included  within  the  boundaries  thereof, 
application  shall  be  made  for  a  patent  for  the  placer  claim,  with  the  statement  that 
it  includes  such  vein  or  lode,  and  in  such  case  a  patent  shall  issue  for  the  placer 
claim,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  including  such  vein  or  lode  upon  the 
payment  of  five  dollars  per  acre  for  such  vein  or  lode  claim,  and  twenty-five  feet  of 
surface  on  each  side  thereof.  The  remainder  of  the  placer  claim,  or  any  placer  claim 
not  embracing  any  vein  or  lode  claim,  shall  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  two  dollars  and 
fifty  cents  per  acre,  together  with  all  costs  of  proceedings ;  and  where  a  vein  or 
li  (le,  such  as  is  described  in  section  twenty-three  hundred  and  twenty,  is  known  to 
exist  within  the  boundaries  of  a  placer  claim,  an  application  for  a  patent  for  such 
placer  claim  which  does  not  include  an  application  for  the  vein  or  lode  claim  shall  be 


150  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

construed  as  a  conclusive  declaration  that  the  claimant  of  the  placer  claim  has  no 
right  of  possession  of  the  vein  or  lode  claim ;  but  where  the  existence  of  a  vein  or  lode 
in  a  placer  claim  is  not  known,  a  patent  for  the  placer  claim  shall  convey  all  valuable 
mineral  and  other  deposits  within  the  boundaries  thereof. 

OIL  AND  GAS  CLAIMS. 

These  are  located  as  placer  claims.     See  sections  2329  to  2333,  U.  S.  statutes. 

An    act    authorizing    entry    of    petroleum    or    othier    mineral    oil    lands    under    placer 

claim  laws. 

Any  person  authorized  to  enter  lands  under  the  mining  laws  of  the  United  States 
may  enter  and  obtain  patents  to  lands  containing  petroleum  or  other  mineral  oils, 
and  chiefly  valuable  therefor,  under  the  provisions  of  the  laws  relating  to  placer 
mineral  claims ;  provided,  that  lands  containing  such  petroleum  or  other  mineral  oils 
which  have  heretofore  been  filed  upon,  claimed,  oi*  improved  as  mineral,  but  not  yet 
patented,  may  be  held  and  patented  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  the  same  as  if 
such  filing,  claim  or  improvement  were  subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  passage  hereof. 
(29  Stat.  L.  526.)     Approved  Feb.  11,  1897. 

An   act   defining   what  shall   constitute   assessments   on   oil    mining   claims. 

[Act  of  February  12,  1903,  oh.  548,  32  Stat.  L.  825.] 

Where  oil  lands  are  located  under  the  provisions  of  title  thirty-two,  chapter  six, 
Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  as  placer  mining  claims,  the  annual  assess- 
ment labor  upon  such  claims  may  be  done  upon  any  one  of  a  group  of  claims  lying 
contiguous  and  owned  by  the  same  person  or  corporation,  not  exceeding  five  claims  in 
all ;  provided,  that  said  labor  will  tend  to  the  development  or  to  determine  the  oil- 
bearing  character  of  such  contiguous  claims. 

THE   "PICKET   BILL." 

An  act  to  authorize  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  make  withdrawals  of 
public  lands  in  certain  cases. 

This  provides  also : 

Sec.  2.  All  lands  withdrawn  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  at  all  times 
be  open  to  exploration,  discovery,  occupation,  and  purchase,  under  the  mining  laws 
of  the  United  States,  so  far  as  the  same  apply  to  minerals  other  than  coal,  oil,  gas, 
and  phosphates. 

By  the  amendment  of  August  24,  1912,  Congress  limited  the  right  of  exploration,- 
etc.,  within  the  withdrawn  areas,  to  those  lands  which  may  be  found  to  contain  metal- 
liferous mineral.     The  scope  of  withdrawal  was  thus  broadened,  with  the  specific 
intention   of  conserving   potash  in   addition   to   those   minerals   already   mentioned. 
(37  StatsL  at  Large.) 

However,  any  of  these  minerals  may  be  filed  upon  if  found  in  areas  of  the  public 
domain  not  yet  withdrawn. 

MINING  CLAIMS  IN  FOREST  RESERVES. 

The  congressional  act  of  June  4,  1897,  provides : 

"It  is  not  the  purpose  or  intent  of  these  provisions,  or  of  the  act  providing  for 
such  reservations,  to  authorize  the  inclusion  therein  of  lands  more  valuable  for  the 
mineral  therein,  or  for  agricultural  purposes,   than  for  forest  purposes." 

«     «     * 

"Nor  shall  anything  herein  prohibit  any  person  from  entering  upon  such  forest 
reservations  for  all  proper  and  lawful  purposes,  including  that  of  prospecting,  locat- 
ing and  developing  the  mineral  resources  thereof ;  provided,  that  such  persons  comply 
with  the  rules  and  regulations  covering  such  forest  reservations." 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  151 

*And  any  mineral  lands  in  any  forest  reservation  which  have  been  or  may  be 

j>wn  to  be  such  and  subject  to  entry  under  the  existing  mining  laws  of  the  United 

lies  and  the  rules  and  regulations  applying  thi^reto,  shall  continue  to  be  subject  to 

jh  location  and  entry  notwithstanding  any  provisions  herein  contained." 

.Under  these  statutes  it  is  now  held  by  the  land  department  that  the  forest  reserves 

open  to  the  location  of  raining  claims.     There  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  meaning 

)ngress  upon  this  subject :  That  lands  within  the  forest  reserves  are  subject  to 

operation  of  the  mining  laws. 


CALIFORNIA  DEBRIS  COMMISSION. 

An   act  to  create  the   California    Debris  Commission   and   regulate   hydraulic   mining 
In  the  State  of  California. 

Be  if  enacted  by  the  senate  and  hoiise  of  representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  congress  assembled.  That  a  commission  is  hereby  created,  to  be  known 
as  the  California  Debris  Commission,  consisting  of  three  members.  The  president  of 
tho  United  States  shall  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  appoint 
tlio  commission  from  officers  of  the  corps  of  engineers,  United  States  army.     Vacan- 

-^  occurring  therein  shall  be  filled  in  like  manner.     It  shall  have  the  authority,  and 

..  rcise  the  powers  hereinafter  set  forth,  under  the  supervision  of  the  chief  of 
lUi^ineers  and  direction  of  the  secretary  of  war. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  commission  shall  organize  within  thirty  days  after  its  appoint- 
ment by  the  selection  of  such  officers  as  may  he  required  in  the  performance  of  its 
duties,  the  same  to  be  selected  from  the  members  thereof.  The  members  of  said  com- 
mission shall  receive  no  greater  compensation  than  is  now  allowed  by  law  to  each, 
respectively,  as  an  officer  of  said  corps  of  engineers.  It  shall  also  adopt  rules  and 
regulations,  not  inconsistent  with  law,  to  govern  its  deliberations  and  prescribe  the 
method  of  procedure  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  jurisdiction  of  said  commission,  in  so  far  as  the  same  affects 
mining  carried  on  by  the  hydraulic  process  shall  extend  to  all  such  mining  in  the 
territory  drained  by  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  river  systems  in  the  State  of 
California.  Hydraulic  mining,  as  defined  in  section  eight  hereof,  directly  or  indirectly 
injuring  the  navigability  of  said  river  systems,  carried  on  in  said  territory  other  than 
as  permitted  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  is  hereby  prohibited  and  declared  un- 
lawful. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  commission  to  mature  and  adopt  such 
plan  or  plans,  from  examinations  and  surveys  already  made  and  from  such  additional 
examinations  and  surveys  as  it  may  deem  necessary,  as  will  improve  the  navigability 
of  all  the  rivers  comprising  said  systems,  deepen  their  channels,  and  protect  their 
banks.  Such  plan  or  plans  shall  be  matured  with  a  view  of  making  the  same  effective 
as  against  the  encroachment  of  and  damage  from  debris  resulting  from  mining  opera- 
tions, natural  erosion,  or  other  causes,  with  a  view  of  restoring,  as  near  as  practicable 
and  the  necessities  of  commerce  and  navigation  demand,  the  navigability  of  said 
rivers  to  the  condition  existing  in  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty,  and  permitting  mining 
by  the  hydraulic  process,  as  the  term  is  understood  in  said  state,  to  be  carried  on, 
provided  the  same  can  be  accomplished  without  injury  to  the  navigability  of  said 
rivers  or  the  lands  adjacent  thereto. 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  further  examine,  survey,  and  determine  the  utility  and 
practicability,  for  the  purposes  hereinafter  indicated,  of  storage  sites  in  the  tributaries 
of  said  rivers  and  in  the  respective  branches  of  said  tributaries,  or  in  the  plains, 
basins,  sloughs,  and  tule  and  swamp  lands  adjacent  to  or  along  the  course  of  said 
rivers,  for  the  storage  of  debris  or  water  or  as  settling  reservoirs,  with  the  object 
of  using  the  same  by  either  or  all  of  these  methods  to  aid  in  the  improvement  and 
protection  of  said  navigable  rivers  by  preventing  deposits  therein  of  debris  resulting 
from  mining  operations,  natural  erosion,  or  other  causes,  or  for  affording  relief 
thereto  in  flood  time  and  providing  sufficient  water  to  maintain  scouring  force  therein 
in  the  summer  season  ;  and  in  connection  therewith  to  investigate  such  hydraulic  and 
other  mines  as  are  now  or  may  have  been  worked  by  methods  intended  to  restrain 


152  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OP  CALIFORNIA. 

the  debris  and  material  moved  in  operating  such  mines  by  impounding  dams,  settling 
reservoirs,  or  otherwise,  and  in  general  to  make  such  study  of  and  researches  in  the 
hydraulic  mining  industry  as  science,  experience  and  engineering  skill  may  suggest 
as  practicable  and  useful  in  devising  a  method  or  methods  whereby  such  mining  may 
be  carried  on  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  said  commission  shall  from  time  to  time  note  the  conditions  of 
the  navigable  channels  of  said  river  systems,  by  cross-section  surveys  or  otherwise, 
in  order  to  ascertain  the  effect  therein  of  such  hydraulic  mining  operations  as  may 
be  permitted  by  its  orders  and  such  as  is  caused  by  erosion,  natural  or  otherwise. 

Sec.  7.  That  said  commission  shall  submit  to  the  chief  of  engineers  for  the  in- 
formation of  the  secretary  of  war,  on  or  before  the  fifteenth  day  of  November  of  each 
year  a  report  of  its  labors  and  transactions,  with  plans  for  the  construction,  com- 
pletion, and  preservation  of  the  public  works  outlined  in  this  act,  together  with 
estimates  of  the  cost  thereof,  stating  what  amounts  can  be  profitably  expended  thereon 
each  year.  The  secretary  of  war  shall  thereupon  submit  same  to  congress  on  or 
before  the  meeting  thereof. 

Sec.  8.  That  for  the  pui-pose  of  this  act  "hydraulic  mining"  and  "mining  by  the 
hydraulic  process,"  are  hereby  declared  to  have  the  meaning  and  application  given  to 
said  terms  in  said  state. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  individual  proprietor  or  proprietors,  or  in  case  of  a  corporation 
its  manager  or  agent  appointed  for  that  purpose,  owning  mining  ground  in  the  terri- 
tory in  the  State  of  California  mentioned  in  section  three  hereof,  which  it  is  desired 
to  work  by  the  hydraulic  process,  must  file  with  said  commission  a  verified  petition, 
setting  forth  such  facts  as  will  comply  with  law  and  the  rules  prescribed  by  said 
commission. 

Sec.  10.  That  said  petition  shall  be  accompanied  by  an  instrument  duly  executed 
and  acknowledged,  as  required  by  the  law  of  the  said  state,  whereby  the  owner  or 
owners  of  such  mine  or  mines  surrender  to  the  United  States  the  right  and  privilege 
to  regulate  by  law,  as  provided  in  this  act,  or  any  law  that  may  hereafter  be  enacted, 
or  by  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  virtue  thereof  the  manner 
and  method  in  which  the  debris  resulting  from  the  working  of  said  mine  or  mines 
shall  be  restrained,  and  what  amount  shall  be  produced  therefrom ;  it  being  under- 
stood that  the  surrender  aforesaid  shall  not  be  construed  as  in  any  way  affecting  the 
right  of  such  owner  or  owners  to  operate  said  mine  or  mines  by  any  other  process 
or  method  now  in  use  in  said  state  ;  provided,  that  they  shall  not  interfere  with  the 
navigability  of  the  aforesaid  rivers-. 

Sec.  11.  That  the  owners  of  several  mining  claims  situated  so  as  to  require  a 
common  dumping  ground  or  dam  or  other  restraining  works  for  the  debris  issuing 
therefrom  in  one  or  more  sites  may  file  a  joint  petition  setting  forth  such  facts  in 
addition  to  the  requirements  of  section  nine  hereof;  and  where  the  owner  of  a 
hydraulic  mine  or  owners  of  several  such  mines  have  and  use  common  dumping  sites 
for  impounding  debris  or  as  settling  reservoirs  which  sites  are  located  below  the 
mine  of  an  applicant  not  entitled  to  use  same,  such  fact  shall  also  be  stated'  in  said 
petition.     Thereupon  the  same  proceedings  shall  be  had  as  provided  for  herein. 

Sec.  12.  A  notice  specifying  briefly  the  contents  of  said  petition  and  fixing  a 
time  previous  to  which  all  proofs  are  to  be  submitted  shall  be  published  by  said  com- 
mission in  some  newspaper  or  newspapers  of  general  circulation  in  the  communities 
interested  in  the  matter  set  forth  therein.  If  published  in  a  daily  paper  such  publi- 
cation shall  continue  for  at  least  ten  days ;  if  in  a  weekly  paper  in  at  least  three 
issues  of  the  same.  Pending  publication  thereof  said  commission,  or  a  committee 
thereof,  shall  examine  the  mine  and  premises  described  in  such  petition.  On  or  before 
the  time  so  fixed  all  parties  interested,  either  as  petitioners  or  contestants,  whether 
miners  or  agriculturists,  may  file  affidavits,  plans,  and  maps  in  support  of  their 
respective  claims.  Further  hearings,  upon  notice  to  all  parties  of  record,  may  be 
granted  by  the  commission  when  necessary. 

Sec.  13.  That  in  case  a  majority  of  the  members  of  said  commission,  within 
thirty  days  after  the  time  so  fixed,  concur  in  a  decision  in  favor  of  the  petitioner  or 
petitioners,  the  said  commission  shall  thereupon  make  an  order  directing  the  meth<i<ls 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  153 

d  specifying  in  detail  the  manner  in  which  operations  shall  proceed  in  such  mine 
mines;  what  restraining  or  impounding  works,  if  facilities  therefor  can  be  found, 
all  be  built,  and  maintained ;  how  and  of  what  material ;  where  to  be  located  ;  and 
general  set  forth  such  further  requirements  and  safeguards  as  will  protect  the 
blic  interests  and  prevent  injury  to  the  said  navigable  rivers,  and  the  lands  adjacent 
thereto,  with  such  further  conditions  and  limitations  as  will  observe  all  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  in  relation  to  the  working  thereof  and  the  payment  of  taxes  on 
the  gross  proceeds  of  the  same ;  provided,  that  all  expense  incurred  in  complying  with 
said  order  shall  be  borne  by  the  owner  or  owners  of  such  mine  or  mines. 

Sec.  14.     That  such  petitioner  or  petitioners  must  wuthin  a  reasonable  time  pre- 
sent plans  and  specifications  of  all  works  required  to  be  built  in  pursuance  of  said 
order  for  examination,  correction,  and  approval  by  said  commission  ;  and  thereupon 
work  may  immediately  commence  thereon  under  the  supervision  of  said  commission 
or  representative  thereof  attached  thereto  from  said  corps  of  engineers,  who  shall 
inspect  same  from  time  to  time.     Upon  completion  thereof,  if  found  in  every  respect 
&C>  meet  the  requirements  of  the  said  order  and  said  approved  plans  and  specifications, 
Bermission  shall  thereupon  be  granted  to  the  owner  or  owners  of  such  mine  or  mines 
mo  commence  mining  operations,  subject  to  the  conditions  of  said  order  and  the  pro- 
|visions  of  this  act. 

^  Sec.  15.  That  no  permission  granted  to  a  mine  owner  or  owners  under  this  act 
hall  take  effect,  so  far  as  regards  the  working  of  a  mine,  until  all  impounding  dams 
r  other  restraining  works,  if  any  are  prescribed  by  the  order  granting  such  per- 
lission,  have  been  completed  and  until  the  impounding  dams  or  other  restraining 
iwrorks  or  settling  reservoirs  provided  by  said  commission  have  reached  such  a  stage  as 
iiin  the  opinion  of  said  commission,  it  is  safe  to  use  the  same ;  provided,  however,  that 
;^  said  commission  shall  be  of  the  opinion  that  the  restraining  and  other  works  already 
^constructed  at  the  mine  or  mines  shall  be  sufficient  to  protect  the  navigable  rivers 
if  said  systems  and  the  work  of  said  commission,  then  the  owner  or  owners  of  such 
line  or  mines  may  be  permitted  to  commence  operations. 

Sec.  16.  That  in  case  the  joint  petition  referred  to  in  section  eleven  hereof  is 
ranted,  the  commission  shall  fix  the  respective  amounts  to  be  paid  by  each  owner 
f  such  mines  toward  providing  and  building  necessary  impounding  dams  or  other 
istraining  works.  In  the  event  of  a  petition  being  filed  after  the  entry  of  such 
rder,  or  in  case  the  impounding  dam  or  dams  or  other  restraining  works  have  already 
en  constructed  and  accepted  by  said  commission,  the  commission  shall  fix  such 
ount  as  may  be  reasonable  for  the  privilege  of  dumping  therein,  which  amount 
hall  be  divided  between  the  original  owners  of  such  impounding  dams  or  other 
training  works  in  proportion  to  the  amount  respectively  paid  by  each  party  own- 
ng  same.  The  expense  of  maintaining  and  protecting  such  joint  dam  or  works  shall 
be  divided  among  mine  owners  using  the  same  in  such  proportion  as  the  commission 
shall  determine.  In  all  cases  where  it  is  practicable,  restraining  and  impounding 
works  are  to  be  provided,  constructed  and  maintained  by  mine  owners  near  or  below 
the  mine  or  mines  before  reaching  the  main  tributaries  of  said  navigable  waters. 

Sec.  17.  That  at  no  time  shall  any  more  debris  be  permitted  to  be  washed  away 
from  any  hydraulic  mine  or  mines  situated  on  the  tributaries  of  said  rivers  and  the 
respective  branches  of  each,  worked  under  the  ri'ovisions  of  this  act,  than  can  be 
impounded  within  the  restraining  works  erected. 

Sec.  18.  That  the  said  commission  may  at  any  time  when  the  condition  of  the 
navigable  rivers  or  when  the  capacities  of  all  impounding  and  settling  facilities  erected 
by  mine  owners  or  such  as  may  be  provided  by  government  authority  require  same, 
modify  the  order  granting  the  privilege  to  mine  by  the  hydraulic  mining  process  so 
as  to  reduce  amount  thereof  to  meet  the  capacities  of  the  facilities  then  in  use,  or, 
if  actually  required  in  order  to  protect  the  navigable  rivers  from  damage,  may  revoke 
same  until  the  further  notice  "of  the  commission. 

Sec.  19.  That  an  intentional  violation  on  the  part  of  a  mine  owner  or  owners, 
company,  or  corporation,  or  the  agents  or  the  employees  of  either,  of  the  conditions 
of  the  order  granted  pursuant  to  section  thirteen,  or  such  modifications  thereof  as 
may  have  been  made  by  said  commission,  shall  work  a  forfeiture  of  the  privileges 
11—18655 


m 


154  MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


1 


thereby  conferred,  and  upon  notice  being  served  by  the  order  of  said  commission 
upon  such  owner  or  owners,  company  or  corporation,  or  agent  in  charge,  work  shall 
immediately  cease.  Said  commission  shall  take  necessary  steps  to  enforce  its  orders 
in  case  of  the  failure,  neglect,  or  refusal  of  such  owner  or  owners,  company  or  corpor- 
ation, or  agents  thereof,  to  comply  therewith,  or  in  the  event  of  any  person  or  per- 
sons, company  or  corporation  working  by  said  process  in  said  territory  contrary  to 
law. 

Sec.  20.  That  said  commission,  or  committee  therefrom  or  officer  of  said  crops 
assigned  to  duty  under  its  orders,  shall,  whenever  deemed  necessary,  visit  said  terri-, 
tory  and  all  mines  operating  under  the  provisions  of  this  act.  A  report  of  such 
examination  shall  be  placed  on  file. 

Sec.  21.  That  the  said  commission  is  hereby  granted  the  right  to  use  any  of  the 
public  lands  of  the  United  States,  or  any  rock,  stone,  timber,  trees,  brush,  or  material 
thereon  or  therein,  for  any  of  the  purposes  of  this  act ;  and  the  secretary  of  the 
interior  is  hereby  authorized  and  requested,  after  notice  has  been  filed  with  the  com- 
missioner of  the  general  land  office  by  said  commission,  setting  forth  what  public, 
lands  are  required  by  it  under  the  authority  of  this  section,  that  such  land  or  lands i' 
shall  be  withdrawn  from  sale  and  entry  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States.  ^" 

Sec.  22.  That  any  person  or  persons  who  wilfully  or  maliciously  injure,  damage, 
or  destroy,  or  attempt  to  injure,  damage  or  destroy,  any  dam  or  other  work  erected 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act  for  restraining,  impounding,  or  settling  purposes,  or 
for  use  in  connection  therewith,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  con- 
viction thereof  shall  be  fined  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  or 
be  imprisoned  not  to  exceed  five  years,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  in 
the  discretion  of  the  court.  And  any  person  or  persons,  company  or  corporation,  their 
agents  or  employees,  who  shall  mine  by  the  hydraulic  process  directly  or  indirectly 
injuring  the  navigable  waters  of  the  United  States,  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be 
punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceed- 
ing one  year,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court ; 
provided,  that  this  section  shall  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred 
and  ninety-three. 

Sec.  23.  That  upon  the  construction  by  the  said  commission  of  dams  or  other 
works  for  the  detention  of  debris  from  hydraulic  mines  and  the  issuing  of  the  order 
provided  for  by  this  act  to  any  individual,  company,  or  corporation  to  work  any 
mine  or  mines  by  hydraulic  process,  the  individual,  company,  or  corporation  oper- 
ating thereunder  working  any  mine  or  mines  by  hydraulic  process,  the  debris  from 
which  flows  into  or  is  in  whole  or  in  part  restrained  by  such  dams  or  other  works 
erected  by  said  commission,  shall  pay  a  tax  of  three  per  centum  on  the  gross  proceeds 
of  his,  their,  or  its  mine  so  worked ;  which  tax  of  three  per  centum  shall  be  ascer- 
tained and  paid  in  accordance  with  regulations  to  be  adopted  by  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury,  and  the  treasurer  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  authorized  to  receive- 
the  same.  All  sums  of  money  paid  into  the  treasury  under  this  section  shall  bo 
set  apart  and  credited  to  a  fund  to  be  known  as  the  "Debris  Fund,"  and  shall  be 
expended  by  said  commission  under  the  supervision  of  the  chief  of  engineers  and 
direction  of  the  secretary  of  war,  in  addition  to  the  appropriations  made  by  law 
in  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  such  restraining  works  and  settling  reservoirs 
as  may  be  proper  and  necessary ;  provided,  that  said  commission  is  hereby  authorized 
to  receive  and  pay  into  the  treasury  from  the  owner  or  owners  of  mines  worked 
by  the  hydraulic  process,  to  whom  permission  may  have  been  granted  so  to  work 
under  the  provisions  thereof,  such  money  advances  as  may  be  offered  to  aid  in  Hi 
construction  of  such  impounding  dams  or  other  restraining  works,  or  settling  resoi- 
voirs,  or  sites  therefor,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  said  commission  to  protect, 
the  navigable  channels  of  said  river  systems,  on  condition  that  all  moneys  so  advanced 
shall  be  refunded  as  the  said  tax  is  paid  into  the  said  debris  fund;  and  provided, 
further,  that  in  no  event  shall  the  government  of  the  United  States  be  held  liable 
to  refund  same  except  as  directed  by  this  section. 


MINING  LAW   APPENDIX.  155 


Sec.  24.  That  for  the  purpose  of  securing  harmony  of  action  and  economy  of 
expenditures  in  the  work  to  be  done  by  the  United  States  and  the  State  of  California, 
respectively,  the  former  in  its  plans  for  the  improvement  and  protection  of  the 
navigable  streams  and  to  prevent  the  depositing  of  mining  debris  or  other  materials 
within  the  same,  and  the  latter  in  its  plans  authorized  by  law  for  the  reclamation, 
drainage,  and  protection  of  its  lands,  or  relating  to  the  working  of  hydraulic  mines, 
the  said  commission  is  empowered  to  consult  thereon  with  a  commission  of  engineers 
of  said  state,  if  authorized  by  said  state  for  said  purpose,  the  result  of  such  confer- 
ence to  be  reported  to  the  chief  of  engineers  of  the  United  States  army,  and  if  by 
him  approved'  shall  be  followed  by  said  commission. 

Sec.  25.  That  said  commission,  in  order  that  such  material  as  is  now  or  may 
hereafter  be  lodged  in  the  tributaries  of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  river 
systems  resulting  from  mining  operations,  natural  erosion,  or  other  causes,  shall  be 
prevented  from  injuring  the  said  navigable  rivers  or  such  of  the  tributaries  of  either 
as  may  be  navigable  and  the  land  adjacent  thereto,  is  hereby  directed  and  empowered, 
when  appropriations  are  made  therefor  by  law,  or  suflScient  money  is  deposited  for 
that  purpose  in  said  debris  fund,  to  build  at  such  points  above  the  head  of  navigation 
in  said  rivers  and  on  the  main  tributaries  thereof,  or  branches  of  such  tributaries, 
or  at  any  place  adjacent  to  the  same,  which  in  the  judgment  of  said  commission 
will  effect  said  object  (the  same  to  be  of  such  material  as  will  insure  safety  and 
l)ermanency),  such  restraining  or  impounding  dams  and  settling  reservoirs,  with 
such  canals,  locks,  or  other  works  adapted  and  required  to  complete  same.  The 
locommendations  contained  in  executive  document  numbered  two  hundred  and  sixty- 

ven,  fifty-first  congress,  second  session,  and  executive  document  numbered  ninety- 
iiiht,  forty-seventh  congress,  first  session,  as  far  as  they  refer  to  impounding  dams, 
or  other  restraining  works  are  hereby  adopted,  and  the  same  are  directed  to  be  made 
the  basis  of  operations.  The  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated, 
from  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  be  immediately  available 
to  defray  the  expenses  of  said  commission. 

Approved  March  1,  1893. 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  OWNERS  AND  OPERATORS  OF  HYDRAULIC 
MINES  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

January  1,  19(X>. 

1.  The  California  Debris  Commission  is  composed  of  three  officers  of  the  corps 
of  engineers.  United  States  army,  who  are  appointed  by  the  president  of  the  United 
States,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  under  the  authority  of  the  act 
of  congress,  approved  March  1,  1893.  The  commission  is  charged  by  this  act  with 
the  enforcement  of  its  provisions,  including  such  regulation  and  control  of  hydraulic 
mining  in  the  drainage  areas  of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers  of  the  State 
of  California  as  is  necessary  to  cause  the  tailings  from  such  mining  to  be  so 
impounded  in  the  vicinity  of  the  mine  as  to  prevent  injury  to  the  navigable  rivers 
and  adjacent  lands.  The  owners  and  operators  of  such  mines  are  required  by  this 
law  to  comply  strictly  with  such  requirements  of  the  commission  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  to  effect  this  purpose.  An  extreme  penalty  of  $5,000  fine  and  one  year's 
imprisonment  is  provided  for  violation  of  the  act. 

2.  Hydraulic  mining  embraces  all  mining  operations  where  water  is  used  under 
pressure  through  a  nozzle  against  any  bank  of  earth,  gravel,  or  other  similar  material, 
thus  eroding  the  bank.  It  is  forbidden  by  law  except  under  the  supervision  of  the 
commission. 

3.  The  law  requires  that  in  all  cases  a  license  or  written  permission  must  be 
obtained  from  the  commission  before  hydraulic  mining  in  the  regions  mentioned  can 
be  legally  carried  on. 

4.  Licenses  or  permission  to  mine  by  the  hydraulic  process  are  revocable  by  the 
commission,  and  will  not  be  given  unless  the  requirements  of  the  commission  are 
complied  with  as  to  sufficiency  of  suitable  restraining  barriers  or  dams.     Licenses, 


156         '       MINER  AT.  INDUSTRY  OP  CALIFORNIA. 

when  granted,  will  be  suspended  or  revoked  for  failure  to  properly  maintain  such 
barriers  or  dams  or  for  failure  to  make  the  reports  and  furnish  information  asked 
for  by  the  commission. 

5.  Licenses  are  obtained  by  making  application  to  the  California  Debris  Com- 
mission, San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  the  special  blank  form  issued  by  the  commission, 
copies  of  which  will  be  sent  on  request,  free  of  cost. 

6.  Licenses  are  not  transferable  and  are  valid  only  for  the  operations  of  the 
individual  or  company,  and  for  the  special  mine  named  in  the  license. 

7.  By  the  terms  of  the  law  an  application  for  a  license  must  be  advertised  by 
the  commission  in  the  newspapers  to  allow  any  protests  to  be  filed  with  the  com- 
mission.    This  advertising  usually  takes  about  three  weeks. 

8.  As  soon  as  practicable  after  advertising  an  application,  the  sites  proposed  by 
the  applicants  for  the  restraining  works  are  visited,  and  if  found  satisfactory, 
authority  to  construct  the  dams  or  barriers  is  given  with  the  commission's  specifi- 
cations and  instructions  for  the  work.  Any  dam  built  before  such  authorization 
is  built  wholly  at  the  builder's  risk,  and  may  not  be  accepted  by  the  commission. 
Any  variation  in  location  or  character  of  work  from  that  specified  by  the  commission 
may  also  cause  rejection  of  the  dam. 

9.  When  such  authorized  dams  are  completed,  the  commission  should  be  promptly 
notified  so  that  an  inspection  may  be  made  as  soon  as  practicable  thereafter.  If 
found  satisfactory,  a  revocable  license  to  mine  will  be  issued.  Until  the  license  is 
issued  it  is  illegal  to  mine. 

10.  When  mining  has  been  begun  under  a  license,  a  report  every  month  must  be 
submitted  on  one  of  the  blank  forms  furnished  for  this  purpose  by  the  commission 
upon  request.  If  no  mining  is  carried  on  for  any  month,  the  small  form  is  to  be 
used,  otherwise,  the  large  form  must  be  forwarded.  All  blank  spaces  should  be 
carefully  and  accurately  filled. 

11.  In  case  of  any  accident  to  a  restraining  dam  affecting  its  efficiency,  mining 
must  immediately  cease  and  the  commission  must  be  promptly  notified. 

12.  When  a  dam  becomes  full  of  debris,  mining  must  cease  until  more  impounding 
capacity  is  provided  either  by  raising  the  dam  or  by  the  construction  of  new  dams. 
The  permission  of  the  commission  must  be  obtained  to  raise  dams,  and  the  work 
when  completed  must  be  inspected  and  approved  by  the  commission  before  mining 
may  be  resumed. 

13.  Dams  must  be  kept  water  tight  and  a  pool  at  least  three  feet  deep  must  hr 
maintained  as  a  settling  basin  above  each  dam  while  mining  is  in  progress.  Leaks 
must  be  promptly  checked. 

14.  Names  of  mines  must  not  be  changed  without  due  notice  to  the  commission. 

15.  No  charges  or  fees  of  any  kind  are  required  or  allowed,  all  expenses  of 
inspection  being  borne  by  the  United  States. 

16.  The  mine  owners  are  usually  expected  to  meet  the  inspector  at  the  uean  >; 
railway  or  stage  station  and  take  him  to  the  mine  and  back.     As  many  regions  wIum f 
mines  are  located  are  inaccessible  in  winter  time,  applications  for  licenses  and  inspcc 
tions  should  be  submitted  as  early  in  the  season  as  practicable.     Delay  in  attending 
to  this  promptly  may  occasion  the  loss  of  considerable  time  if  not  an  entire  season. 

17.  To  avoid  delay  due  to  loss  of  letters  it  is  suggested  that  requests  be  repeated 
within  a  reasonable  time,  if  not  promptly  acknowledged  or  acted  upon.  All  com- 
munications should  be  addressed  to  the  secretary,  California  Debris  Commission,  Siui 
Francisco,  Cal. 

By  direction  of  the  California  Debris  Commission. 

L.  II.  RAND, 
Major,   Corps  of   Engineers,    Secretary. 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX.  157 


FORMS  FOR  LOCATION  NOTICES. 

The  following  forms  for  mineral  location  notices  have  been  found  to  fill  the  require- 
ments of  the  statutes' : 

NOTICE   OF  QUARTZ   LODE    LOCATION. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  That  I, ,  a  citizen 

of  the  United  States,  have  discovered  a  vein  of  reck  in  place,  carrying  gold,  silver, 
copper,  and  other  valuable  deposits,  upon  which  I  have  erected  a  discovery  monu- 
ment and  posted  this  notice,  as  hereinafter  set  forth ;  that  in  accordance  with  the 
provision  of  Chapter  6,  Title  32  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  and 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  California,  I  hereby  claim  fifteen  hundred'  linear  feet  of 
said  vein,  measured  thereon  as  hereinafter  set  forth.     Said  discovery  was  made  on 

the day  of ,  19 Immediately  upon 

making  the  same,  and  on  the day  of ,  19 , 

I  erected  at  the  point  of  discovery,  a  substantial  monument,  consisting  of  a  mound 
of  rocks  and and  posted  thereon  this  notice. 

The  *  general  course  of  said  vein  is and I  claim  in 

length  thereon feet and feet from 

said  discovery  monument.     I  also  claim  three  hundred  feet  on  each  side  of  the  center 

of  the  vein.     This  vein  or  claim  shall  be  known  as  and  called  the 

It  is  situated  in Mining  District,  and 

in  t  Sec. ,  Tp. ,  R. ,  B.  and  M.,  in 

County,  California,  and  the  discovery  monument being  placed  about  § 


from    

That  the  following  is  a  description  of  said  location  as  marked  on  the  ground :  $ 

ommencing  at  the of  said  claim,  a 

from  which  initial  point  the  discovery  monument  is  dis- 

ant  about feet  in  a direction; 

thence    1| 

Dated  and  posted  on  the  ground,  this day  of 

,  19 

Witness _ 


Locator. 


♦Make  this  description  in  accordance  with  the  facts,  as  "The  general  course  of 
^  lid  vein  is  north  and  south.  I  claim  in  length  thereon  500  feet  north  and  1,000  feet 
-.•uth  from  said  discovery  monument." 

tif  the  claim  is  upon  surveyed  land,  give  the  section,  township  and  range,  if  pos- 
sible.    This  is  not  required  by  law,  but  makes  a  much  better  description. 

§Here  refer  to  some  natural  object  or  permanent  monument  so  as  to  identify  the 
locality  of  the  claim,  in  compliance  with  section  2324,  Revised  Statutes  U.  S.  A  road, 
house,  tree,  known  mountain  or  peak,  government  corner,  mill,  or  known  mining 
claim,  are  such  objects  or  monuments.  As,  "About  one  mile  directly  east  from  John 
Doe's  quartz  mill  and  400  rods  west  from  the  Last  Hope  mine,"  etc. 

JHere  state:  "Commencing  at  the  N.  E.  corner  of  said  claim,  a  mound  of  rocks 
4  ft.  high,"  or  at  any  other  corner  or  point  in  the  boundary;  give  the  distance  and 
direction  from  this  initial  monument  to  the  discovery  monument,  and  then  locate  the 
discovery  with  reference  to  some  natural  object  or  permanent  monument. 

IIHere  follows  a  description  of  the  claim  from  the  initial  monument.  For  instance: 
"Thence  600  ft.  northwesterly  to  the  N.  W.  corner  of  said  claim,  at  which  point  is 
a  mound  of  rocks  2J  ft.  high,  marked  so-and-so  (if  marked)  ;  thence  1,500  ft.  south- 
westerly to  the  S.  W.  corner  of  said  claim,  being  a  mound  of  rocks,"  etc.;  so  going 
around  the  claim  to  the  point  of  beginning. 


'Wilson's  Mining  Laws,  1911,  pp.  60-6^ 


158  MINERAL   INDUSTRY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

NOTICE   OF    LOCATION    OF    PLACER   CLAIM. 

Notice  is  herehy  given,  That 

citizen of  the  United  States,  h this day  of 

,  19 ,  discovered  a  valuable  placer  deposit  within  the  limits 

of  this  claim ;  that  by  virtue  of  said  discovery, 

ha located,  and  hereby  locate  and  claim  the  following  described  land, 

situate  in Mining  District, County,  California,  to 

wit :    * of  section   

Township ,  Range ,  B.  and  M.,  containing 

acres.t     Said  claim  is  hereby  named Placer  Claim. 

Said  claim  is  marked  upon  the  ground  as  follows  :  % 

This  notice  is  posted  on  a  mound  of  rocks  at  the  point  of  discovery,  situated  § 

Dated  and  posted  on  the  ground,  this day  of ,  19 

Locator. 


•The  statute  provides  that  the  locator  must  give  "a  description  of  the  claim  by 
reference  to  legal  subdivisions  of  sections,  if  the  location  is  made  in  conformity  with 
the  public  surveys;  otherwise  a  description  with  reference  to  some  natural  object  or 
permanent  monument  as  will  identify  the  claim." 

tWhen  not  described  by  legal  subdivisions,  the  description  should  conform  to  that 
contained  in  the  final  certificate  of  location  of  a  lode  claim. 

tThe  statute  provides  that,  whether  described  by  legal  subdivisions  or  not,  the 
location  shall  be  marked  by  the  locator  on  the  ground,  and  as  the  affidavit  to  be  filed 
later  is  not  required  to  contain  a  description  of  the  claim,  we  think  this  notice  should 
state  how  the  location  is  marked ;  as,  for  instance,  "At  the  N.  E.  corner  of  said  tract 
a  mound  of  rocks  3  ft.  high,  marked  so-and-so  (if  marked),  and  at  the  N.  W.  corner 
a  stake  in  a  mound  of  rocks,  marked,"  etc.,  and  so  on  for  each  monument  enclosing 
the  claim. 

§Here  state  where  the  discovery  is  located,  as,  for  instance,  "20  feet  S.  W.  of  the 
N.  E.   corner  monument." 

A  duplicate  of  this  notice  must  be  filed  for  record  with  the  county  recorder  within 
thirty  days  from  the  discovery;  and  the  locator  is  allowed  thirty  days  to  mark  his 
location  on  the  ground. 

The  foregoing  form  of  placer  notice  may  be  used  for  location  of  all  deposits  which 
are  classed  under  placer  laws. 


1 


MINING   LAW   APPENDIX. 


159 


APPENDIX. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 

Publications  of  this  Bureau  will  be  sent  on  receipt  of  the  requisite  amount.     Only 
imps,  coin  or  money  orders  will  be  accepted  in  payment. 
Money  orders  should  be  made  payable  to  the  State  Mining  Bureau. 
Personal  checks  icill  not  be  accepted. 


W 


REPORTS. 

Asterisk    (*)    indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print. 

eport  I.  Henry  G.  Hanks.     1880. 

Report        II.  Henry  G.  Hanks.     1882. 

Report       HI.  Henry  G.  Hanks.     1883. 

Report       IV.  Henry  G.  Hanks.     1884. 

♦Report         V.  Henry  G.  Hanks.     1885. 

•Report       VI.  Part  1.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1886. 

♦Report       VI.  Part  2.     Wm.   Irelan,   Jr.     1886. 

♦Report     VII.  Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1887. 

♦Report   VIII.  Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1888. 

♦Report       IX.  Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1889. 

♦Report         X.  Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1890.  Price. 

Report       XL  Wm.   Irelan,   Jr.      1892.      (First   biennial) $1.00 

*  Report     XII.  J.  J.  Crawford.      1894.      (Second   biennial) 

Report    XIII.  J.  J.  Crawford.       1896.      (Third  biennial) 

' 'liapters  of  State  Mineralogist's  Report,  F.  McN.  Hamilton: 
Mines  and  Mineral  Resources  of  Imperial  and  San  Diego  counties — F.   J.   H. 

Merrill.  1914    .35 

BULLETINS. 

♦Bulletin    1.     Desiccated   Human   Remains. — Winslow   Anderson.     1888 

♦Bulletin    2.     Methods  of  Mine  Timbering. — W.  H.  Storms.     1894 

♦Bulletin    3.     Gas  and  Petroleum  Yielding  Formations  of  the  Central  Valley  of 

California.— W.    L.    Watts.     1894___ 

♦Bulletin    4.     Catalogue   of    California   Fossils    (Parts    2,    3,    4    and    5). — J.    G. 

Cooper.      1894    

^Bulletin    5.     The  Cyanide   Process:   Its   Practical  Application   and  Economical 

Results. — A.    Scheidel.     1894   

Bulletin    6.     California  Gold  Mill   Practices. — E.   B.    Preston.     1895 $.50 

♦Bulletin    7.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by    Counties,    1894. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin    8.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1895. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

Bulletin    9.     Mine  Drainage,   Pumps,   etc. — Hans   C.    Behr.     1896 .60 

♦Bulletin  10.     A    Bibliography    Relating    to    the    Geology,     Palaeontology,    and 

Mineral  Resources  of  California. — A.  W.  Vogdes.     1896 

•Bulletin  11.     Oil  and  Gas  Yielding   Formations  of   Los  Angeles,   Ventura   and 

Santa  Barbara  Counties. — W.   L.  Watts.     1896 

♦Bulletin  12.     Mineral   Production   of    California,    by   Counties,    1896. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  13.     Mineral   Production    of   California,    by   Counties,    1897. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  14.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1898. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

"Bulletin  15.     Map  of  Oil  City  Oil  Fields,  Fresno  County. — J.  H.  Means 

♦Bulletin  16.     The   Genesis  of   Petroleum   and   Asphaltum   in   California. — A.    S. 

Cooper.      1899    

♦Bulletin  17.     Mineral   Production    of   California,    by   Counties,    1899. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  18.     The  Mother  Lode  Region  of  California. — W.  H.  Storms.     1900 

♦Bulletin  19.     Oil   and   Gas   Yielding   Formations   of   California. — W.    L.    Watts. 

1900    

♦Bulletin  20.     Synopsis    of    General    Report    of    State    Mining    Bureau. — W.    L. 

Watts.       1903    

♦Bulletin  21.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1900. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet) 

♦Bulletin  12.     Mineral   Production  of  California  for  Fourteen   Years. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      1900.      (Tabulated   sheet) 

Bulletin.  Reconnaissance  of  the  Colorado  Desert  Mining  District — Stephen 

Bowers.       1901    

Bulletin  23.  The  Copper  Resources  of  California. — P.  C.  DuBois,  F.  M.  Ander- 
son. J.   H.  Tibbits,  and  G.  A.  Tweedy.     1902 .50 

Bulletin  24.     The  Saline  Deposits  of  California. — G.   E.   Bailey.     1902 

ulletin  25.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1901. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 


160 


MINERAL   INDUSTRY   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    CALIFORNIA    STATE     MINING     BUREAU— Continued. 

Asterisk   (*)   indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print. 

Price. 
*  Bulletin  26.     Mineral    Production    of    California   for    Fifteen    Years. — Chas,    G. 

Yale.      1901.      (Tabulated   sheet) 

Bulletin  27.     The    Quicksilver    Resources   of   California. — Wm,    Forstner.     1903       .75     U 
*Bulletin28.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1902. — Chas    G.  I 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) l| 

♦Bulletin  29.     Mineral    Production    of    California    for    Sixteen    Years. — Chas.    G.  S 

Yale.     1902.       (Tabulated     sheet) ■ 

♦Bulletin  30.     A  Bibliography  of  Geology.  Palaeontology,  and  Mineral  Resources  m 

of    California. — A.    W.    Vogdes.     1903 *"■■ 

Bulletin  31.     Chemical  Analyses  of  California  Petroleum. — H.  N.  Cooper.     1903. 

(Tabulated    sheet)     

Bulletin  32.     Production  and  Use  of  Petroleum  in  California. — P.  W.  Prutzman. 

1904     .25 

♦Bulletin  33.     Mineral    Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1903. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  34.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Seventeen  Years. — Chas.  G. 

Yale.     1903.      (Tabulated  sheet)    — 

♦Bulletin  35.     Mines  and  Minerals  of  California  for  1903. — Chas  G.  Yale.     1904. 

(Statistical)     

♦Bulletin  36.     Gold    Dredging    in    California. — J.    E.    Doolittle.     1905 

Bulletin  37.     Gems,  Jewelers'  Materials,  and  Ornamental  Stones  of  California. 
— George  F.   Kunz.     1905  : 

First  edition    (without  colored  plates) .25 

♦Second  edition    (with  colored  plates) 

♦Bulletin  38.     The    Structural    and    Industrial    Materials    of    California. — Wm. 

Forstner,  T.  C.  Hopkins,  C.  Naramore,  L.  H.  Eddy.     1906 

♦Bulletin  39.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by    Counties,    1904. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  40.     Mineral   Production   of  California  for  Eighteen   Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.     1904.       (Tabulated    sheet) | 

♦Bulletin  41.     Mines    and    Minerals    of    California    for    1904. — Chas.    G.     Yale. 

(Statistical)     

♦Bulletin  42.     Mineral    Production   of   California,   by   Counties,    1905. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  43.     Mineral   Production   of   California  for  Nineteen   Years. — Chas.    G.  ' 

Yale.     1905.      (Tabulated   sheet) 

♦Bulletin  44,     Mines    and    Minerals    of    California    for    1905. — Chas.     G.    Yale.  | 

(Statistical)    I 

♦Bulletin  45.     Auriferous  Black  Sands  of  California. — J.  A.  Edman.     1907 1 

Bulletin  46.     General  Index  to  Publications  of  the  State  Mining  Bureau. — Com-  I 

piled  by  Chas.   G.   Yale.     1907 .30       » 

♦Bulletin  47.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by   Counties,    1906. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  48.     Mineral    Production    of    California   for    Twenty    Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      1906.       (Tabulated    sheet)    

♦Bulletin  49.     Mines    and    Minerals    of    California    for    1906. — Chas.    G.    Yale. 

(Statistical)    

Bulletin  50.     The    Copper    Resources   of   California. — A.    Hausmann,    J.    Krutt- 

schnitt,  Jr.,  W.  E.  Thome.  J.  A.  Edman.     1908 1.00 

♦Bulletin  51.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,     1907. — D.     H. 

Walker,    Statistician.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  52.     Mineral   Production   of  California  for  Twenty-one   Years. — D.    H. 

Walker.    Statistician.      1907.       CTabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin  53.     Mineral  Productions  of  California  for  1907,  with  County  Maps. — 

D.    H.   Walker,    Statistician.     1908      (Statistical) , 

♦Bulletin  54.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,     1908. — D.     H.  ^^ 

Walker,    Statistician.      (Tabulated   sheet) — ^^H 

♦Bulletin  55.     Mineral  Production  of  Cali<'ornia  for  Twenty-two  Years. — D.   H.  ^^H 

Walker,   Statistician.      1908.      (Tabulated  sheet) — ^H 

♦Bulletin  56.     Mineral    Productions   for    1908,    Countv   Maps,    and    Mining   Laws  :^H 

of   California. — D.    H.   Walker.      1909.      (Statistical) ^M 

Bulletin  57.     Gold    Dredging    in    California. — W.    B.    Winston,    Charles    Janin.     ^  ^„^ 

1910.     (paper)   1-50 

(cloth    bound)     ---     2.00 

♦Bulletin  58.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,     1909. — D.    H. 

Walker.    Statistician.      (Tabulated    sheet) .=.— .rv"    

♦Bulletin  59.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty- three  Years. — D.  H. 

Walker.   Statistician.     1909.      (Tabulated  sheet) 

♦Bulletin  60.     Mineral    Production    for    1909,    County   Maps,    and    Mining   Laws 

of  California.— D.  H.  Walker.     1910.      (Statistical) -- 

♦Bulletin  61.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by  Counties,   for   1910. — D.   H.  i 

Walker.    Statistician.      (Tabulated   sheet) ^—^^    "M 

Bulletin  62.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty-four  Years.— D.  H.  M 

Walker,   Statistician.      1910.      (Tabulated   sheet) — ==f 

Bulletin  63.     Petroleum    In    Southern   California.— P.    W.    Prutzman      1918--—       .76  . 

Bulletin  64.     Mineral  Production  for  1911.— E.   S.  Boallch,   Statistician.   1912— 

Bulletin  65.     Mineral  Production  for  1912. — E.   S.   Boalich,   Statistician,   1913—    

•Bulletin  66.     Mining  Laws.  United  States  and  California.   1914 — -- 

Bulletin  67.     Minerals   of   California.— A.    S.    Eakle.     1914_-_   — 1.00 

Bulletin  68.     Mineral  Production  for  1913.- E.   S.   Boalich.     1914— _——_--— -    

Bulletin  69.     Petroleum  Industry  of  California,  with  Folio  of  Maps  (18x22  In.) 

— R.  P.  McLaughlin  and  C.  A.  Waring.   1914— 2.00 

Bulletin  70.     Mineral  Production   for   1914,  with  Mining  Law  Appendix.     1915    


APPENDIX.  161 

PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    CALIFORNIA    STATE     MINING     BUREAU— Continued, 

Asterisk   (*)   indicates   the  publication   is  out  of  print. 

REGISTERS  OF   MINES   WITH    MAPS. 

Price. 

Amador   County   $.25 

Butte   County   .25 

•Calaveras    County    

*E1    Dorado    County    

♦Inyo   County   

♦Kern  County 

Lake    County    .25 

Mariposa  County .25 

♦Nevada    County 

♦Placer  County 

♦Plumas    County 

♦San    Bernardino    County 

♦San    Diego    County    _ 

Santa   Barbara   County    .25 

♦Shasta   County   

♦Sierra  County 

♦Siskiyou    County 

♦Trinity  County 

♦Tuolumne    County    

Yuba    County    .25 

Register  of  Oil  Wells   (with  map),  Los  Angeles  City .35 

OTHER    MAPS. 

California,  Showing  Mineral  Deposits   (50x60  ins.)  — 

Mounted    $1.50 

Unmounted    .30 

Forest  Reserves  in  California — 

Mounted    .50 

Unmounted    .30 

Mineral  and  Relief  Map  of  California .25 

El  Dorado  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Madera  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Placer  County.   Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Shasta  County,    Showing  Boundaries  of  National   Forests .20 

Sierra  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Siskiyou  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Trinity  County,   Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .45 

Tuolumne  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

♦Mother   Lode   Region    

Desert   Region    of    Southern    California : .10 

Minaret    District,    Madera    County .20 

Copper  Deposits  in   California .05 

Calaveras    County    .25 

Plumas    County    .25 

Tuolumne    County    .25 

DETERMINATION   OF   MINERAL  SAMPLES. 

Samples  (limited  to  three  at  one  time)  of  any  mineral  found  in  the  State  may  be 
sent  to  the  Bureau  for  identification,  and  the  same  will  be  classified  free  of  charge. 
No  samples  will  be  determined  if  received  from  points  outside  the  State.  It  must  be 
understood  that  no  Assays,  or  Quantitative  Determinations  will  be  made.  Samples 
should  be  in  lump  form  if  possible,  and  marked  plainly  with  name  of  sender  on  out- 
side of  package,  etc.  No  samples  will  be  received  unless  delivery  charges  are  prepaid. 
A  letter  should  accompany  sample,  giving  locality  where  mineral  was  found  and  the 
nature  of  the  information  desired. 


162 


MINERAL  INDUSTRY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


The  following  county  maps  show  all  towns,  postoffices,  railroads  and  stage  lines 
and  distances  between  points.  They  are  especially  valuable  to  all  who  wish  to  leave 
the  railroad  and  penetrate  to  the  interior  of  the  mining  districts  of  the  State.  These 
maps  must  not  be  reproduced  without  obtaining  permission  from  the  Mining  Bureau. 


\' 


\ 


/^ 


RELIEF  MAP  OF 


CALIFORNl 


,^ 


Issued  Dy  the 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUR 


FLETCHER  HAMILTON 

Statei  Mineralogist 


o 


llJ 


o  c^ ^^ 


163 


SIERRA 


164 


MODOC 


*0  /?y4//./?O^DS 


I 


I 


O  ST/fG£  Z/AfSS 


I 


1C6 


f 


> 


r 


I 


zMr 


^ 

TT 


167 


Z^4r 


168 


169 


170 


171 


172 


173 


,-.^''''1 


.-L.^ 


\ 


\ 


ft:   *) 
o 


175 


^^H-y's/i,    ^^^^^     /e*7^^/7/^//» 


^X"* 


bCt/<tAjs^ 


fb^'lrrC' 


">'. 


I'/zyArm 


■\LjMsina 


r' 
-J 


v^ 


l^tvrfi^>s/e  \ 


/HfC^/rZ/k 


X      I 


J\A 


ffjrO' 


h^. 


>r*v 


V> 


^u/r^.'^^0^ 


^s^uns  Se 


^,        a 

PA  ANA  --. 

/in  > 

N       G       EC^ 

Mysore/ 


-$• 


D    I    «  (f 


-4^ 


K>  RAUMfOADS 
-O  SrMO^  i./AfSS 


TJieo.JBtn^e  J)f' 


M 


q: 


CD 


(/) 


d  n  3  o  N  V 


/ 


^A         \    o 


JSl 


182 


INDEX. 


Page 

lameda  County 82 

Map  of 172 

Sine  County 82 
[ap  of 176 

lador  County 82 

Map  of 171 

Annual  assessments 128,   130,    14S 

''Antimony ." 21 

Total  production 21 

Appendix    ^  116 

Asbestos    57 

Total  production 59 

Uses  and  characteristics 57,     58 

Asphalt 36 

Assessments,  annual 128,  130,   148 

Barytes 59 

Bauxite 60 

Bituminous  rock 36 

Total  production 37 

Borax 77 

Production,   1887-1914 78 

Brick 37 

Chemical  analysis  of  common  brick 

clays 38 

.    Production  of  various  kinds 39 

Total  production,   1893-1914 40 

Building    stone.      {See    Granite,     Mir- 
ble  Sandstone,  etc) 

Law    regarding   use   of   California 

materials  in  public  buildings 139 

Bulletins,    list  of 159 

Butte   County 83 

Map  of 168 

Calaveras  County 84 

Map  of 171 

California  Debris  Commission 151 

California  materials  in  public  build- 
ings   139 

California  Mine  Bell  Signals 145,  146 

California  Statutes 127-146 

Cement .- 40 

Total  production 41 

Chrome 41 

Total  production 42 

Clay    60 

Production  1887-1914 61 

Coal 11 

Colusa  County 84 

,Map  of 167 

Contra  Costa  County 85 

Map  of 172 

Copper _ 21 

Production.  1887-1914 22 

Corporation  license  tax  law 132 

Counties,  mineral  production  of 10,   81 

Crushed  rock 54 

Curbing 52 

Department  of  Petroleum  and  Gas 116 

Del  Norte  County 85 

Map  of 163 

Determination  of  mineral  samples 161 

Diatomaceous  earth  (see  Infusorial). 

El  Dorado  County 86 

Map  of 169 

Eminent  domain,  right  of 138 

Extraction  of  minerals  from  water 140 

Federal  statutes 147-150 

Feldspar    61 

Total  production 62 

Fencing  abandoned  shafts 145 

Forest  reserves,  mining  claims  in 150 

Forms  for  location  notices 157,  158 

Fresno  County 86 

Map  of 174 

Fuels 11 

Fuller's   Earth 62 

Total  production 63 

Gas   (see  Natural  Gas). 

Gems 63 

Total  production 64 

Glass  sand 74 

Glenn   County 87 

Map  of 167 


Page 
Gold 23,  33,  34 

Percentage  yield  of,  by  lodes  and 
placers 34 

Total  production 24,  25 

Granite 52 

Grapliite    _        64 

Gravel .• 53 

Gypsum    65 

Total  production 66 

Hours  of  employment 144 

Humboldt  County 87 

Map  of 166 

Hydrocarbons   11 

Hydraulic  mining ,143,  151,    156 

Imperial  County 88 

Map  of 182 

Industrial  materials 56 

Infusorial  earth 66 

Total  production 67 

Instructions  to  owners  and  operators 

of  hydraulic  mines  in  California  155 
Inyo  County 89 

Map  of 176 

Iron  ore 25 

Total  production 26 

Kern  County 89 

Map  of 175 

Kings  County 90 

Map  of 175 

Lake  County 90 

Map  of 167 

Lands    uncovered    by    recession    of 

water    140 

Larceny  of  gold  dust  and  amalgam.  143 
Lassen  County 91 

Map  of 164 

Lead    26 

Production,  1887-1914 27 

Lime    42 

Limestone    67 

Total    value    lime    and    limestone, 

1887-1914 68 

Lithia 70 

Location  of  mining  claims,  etc 

127-130,   147-150 

Location  notices 157,   158 

Los  Angeles  Countv 91 

Map  of 180 

Macadam    54 

Madera  County 92 

Map  of 174 

Magnesite    43 

Formulas  for  cement  of 45 

Mines   operating,    1914 43 

Production   bv   counties 47 

Production,  1887-1914 47 

Uses  of 43-45 

Values  of 4f; 

Manganese 68 

Total  production 69 

ATaps.  list  of,  of  various  counties 161 

Marble 47,  48 

Marin  County 92 

Map  of 170 

Mariposa  County 93 

Map  of IT.*? 

Me'idocino  County 93 

Map  of 167 

M<^reed  County 94 

Man  of  ^ 173 

Mptals    20 

Mica    69 

Mine  bell  signals 145.   146 

Exits 144 

Minor's  inch  defined 143 

Mineral   industry,   review  of 7 

Mineral  land  within  meander  of  lakes 

and  streams 141 

Mineral  output,  1914  (tabulation) 8 

Mineral  output  by  counties 10.     81 

Mineral    output,    comparative   value, 

1913.    1914 9 

Mineral  paint 70 


184 


INDEX. 


Page 

Mineral  samples,  determination  of —   161 

Mineral  water 71 

Production,    1887-1914 72 

Mining  Bureau  Act 113 

Mininy  claims  in  forest  reserve 150 

Corporations    130 

Mining   laws 113-158 

Modoc  County 94 

Map  of 164 

Molybdenum   27 

Mono  County 95 

Map  of 176 

Monterey  County 95 

Map  of 177 

Monumental  stone 52 

Mount  Lassen 105 

Napa  County 96 

Map  of 170 

Natural  gas 12 

Production,    1888-1914    13 

Law  to  prevent  wasting  of 126 

Nevada  County 96 

Map  of 169 

Nitrates    78 

Oil  (see  Petroleum). 

Oil  and  gas  claims 150 

Department  of 116 

Onyx   48,    49 

Orange  County 97 

Map  of 180 

Patents  for  mineral  locations 148 

Paving  blocks 52 

Petroleum  and  Gas,  Department  of —     13 
Average    price    by    county,     1913, 

1914     14 

Dividends   from ^    19 

Financial  tables 18,  19 

Operating  costs  by  fields 19 

Prices  by  fields 19 

Production,    1875-1914 15 

Production  and  value  by  counties      14 

Production  by  fields 15 

Production     of     light     and     h' avy 

gravities 17 

Statistics  of  well  operations 16 

Location  of 150 

Pickett  bill,  the 150 

Placer   County 97 

Map  of 169 

Placers,  location  of 148-150 

Platinum 27,  28,  33 

Plumas  County 98 

Map  of 168 

Potash    .'8 

Protection   of   stockholders 137 

Publications  of  State  Mining  Bureau  159 

Pumice   '3 

Pyrite   73 

Total  production 73 

Quartz 74 

Quicksilver    28 

Prices   29 

Production  by   counties 29 

Production.    1887-1914 30 

Right  of  Eminent  Domain 138 

Riverside  County 98 

Map  of 182 

Rubble    54 

Sacramento  County .99 

Map  of 171 

Saline  lands   149 

Location  of ^iz 

Salines 77 

Salt 78.    79 

Production.    1887-1914 79 

Samples,  determination  of 161 

San   Benito  County 100 

Map  of 177 


Page 

San  Bernardino  County 100 

Map  of 181 

San  Diego  County 101 

Map  of 182 

San   Francisco   County 101 

Map  of 172 

San  Joaquin  County 102 

Map  of 171 

San  Luis  Obispo  County 102 

Map  of -   178 

San  Mateo  County 103 

Map  of 172 

Sand,   glass 74 

Sand  and  gravel 53 

Sandstone    49 

Production.    1887-1914 50 

Saiita  Barbara  County 103 

Map  of 179 

Santa  Clara  County 104 

Map  of 172 

Santa  Cruz  County 104 

Map  of 172 

Serpentine    50 

Shasta  County 105 

Map  of 165 

Sierra  County 106 

Map  of 169 

Silver 30,  31,  33,  34 

Percentage  yield  of,  by  classes  of 
ores .''.4 

Production,    1887-1914 31 

Siskiyou  County 106 

Map  of 163 

Slate 51 

Soapstone    75 

Soda   SO 

Solano  County 107 

Map  of 170 

Sonoma  County 108 

Map  of 170 

Stanislaus  County 108 

Map  of 173 

State  Mineralogist's  Reports,  list  of_   159 
State    Mining    Bureau    Publications, 

list  of 159 

Stockholders,  protection  of 137 

Stone,   locations   of 149 

Stone,  miscellaneous 51,     5a 

Structural  materials 35 

Sulphur 76 

Sutter  County 109 

Map  of 169 

Talc 75 

Tehama  County 109 

Man  of 165 

Telephone  system  in  mines 145 

Tin    32 

Travertine 48.  49 

Trinity  County 109 

Map  of 166 

Tulnre   County 110 

Map  of 175 

Tungsten 31.  32 

Tuolumne  County 110 

Map  of 173 

Vanadium 32 

Ventura  County 111 

Map  of 179 

Volcanic  ash 73 

Withdrawn    lands,    location    of   min- 
erals on 150 

Yolo  County   m 

Map  of 170 

Yuba  County 112 

Map  of 169 

Zinc 32.   33 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


'^^%2 


110^8, 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OP  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  50  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


Call  Number: 


of  nattiral  resources. 
J  Division  of  mines. 

PHYSICAL 
SCIENCE* 
LIBRARY 


TN2U 
C3 
A3 
no.70 

C3 
A3 


LIHUAK  . 

|||P[YEJjtSITY  OF  CALlFOaNlA 

DAVIS 


113347 


